• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1993

A model for BICMOS buffer switching operation is presented, including the influence of bipolar base transit time and collector-base capacitances. A closed-form solution for the propagation delay-time is obtained assuming low level injection and channel velocity limitation. For the high level injection case, the delay-times are numerically obtained using effective current gain. These results are compared with those by HSPICE simulation, which shows good agreement. It is noted that the collector-base capacitance strongly affects the delay-time. The effects of voltage scaling are also investigated, which shows the model can be applied for the reduced supply voltages.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2000

It has been demonstrated that the injection of naked DNA expressing vascular endothelial growth factor 165(VEGFl165) to the affected area can provide significant therapeutic effects on peripherol artery occlusive diseases. Success with this type of gene therapy highly depends on the quality of the vector delivering the therapeutic gene, especially in terms of the level and duration of gene expression in the localized area. We have recently developed a vector expressing VEGF165(pCK-VEGF) for the treatment of peripheral artery occulsive diseases and demonstrated high level expression of VEGF165 in mouse skeletal muscle. This study was designed to assess the acute toxicity of intramuscularly injected pCK-VEGF in BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawely rats. There was no evidence of any changes in clinical signs, body weights, or gross pathological signs. We estimate LD50 values of pCK-VEGF higher than 50mg/kg in mice and 20 mg/kg in rats by intramuscular injection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.291-302
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• 1998

Four out of 15 dogs were successfully induced diabetes mellitus with intravenous iqiection of 30 mg of streptozotgin and 50 mg of alloxan monohydrate per kilogram body weight and maintained more than 9 weeks without iqiection of insulin or oral hypoglycemic sgent Histopathologicallyi these four dogs have typical diabetic lesions such as degeneration and vacuolation of pancreatic islet cells, and fatty change of liver at necropsy in the end of study. Serum glucose level increased dramatically at 24 hours post-injection but serum fructosamine level increased gradually and reached plateau at 31-41 days post-injection of streptozotocin and alloxan. Serum fructosamine concert%lion correlated very well with serum glucose concentration of preceding 4-7 weeks in experimentally induced diabetic dogs. Our data suggest that serum fructosamine reflects mean glucose concentration of preceding 4-7 weeks in experimentally induced diabetic dogs.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.316-317
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• 2018

This paper propse the DC link capacitor voltage balancing control for three level neutral point clamped converter with harmonic component injection method. The injcetion voltage consists of harmonic component and DC link capacitor voltage difference. Theoretical analysis is provided to balance the DC link voltage, and it shows that harmonic component compensates the unbalanced condition between the capacitors. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to show that the voltage unbalance have been decreased by the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.374-374
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• 2010

Charge transfer mechanism of poly(4,4'-aminotriphenylene hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalimide) (TP6F PI) which exhibits bistable ON and OFF switching has been studied using photoemission electron spectroscopy (PES) and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Here, we demonstrate novel set-up in which holes are injected by photoemission process instead of direct charge carrier injection via metal electrode. The accumulated charges on the PI surface in the OFF state abruptly flow across the PI film when the bias voltage of a back electrode reaches a specific value, indicating that the film is changed to the ON state. Core level and x-ray absorption spectra probed at charge injection region via photoemission process do not show any evidences implying structural modification of TP6F PI during the phase change. Whereas, in valence band spectra, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is shifted toward Fermi level, responsible for improved hole-mobility of TP6F PI of ON state.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.260-265
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• 1995

In an attempt to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the renal cortex of rats, and the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUH) and serum creatinine of rats at 24hr after the injection of a 50% solution of glycerol. Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 mg were injected intramuscularly with a 50% solution of glycerol(2 mι/kg, 4 mι/kg and 8 mι/kg). The group treated with glycerol showed significantlv higher MDA level and catalase activity, lower SOD activity and higher BUN and serum creatinine concentrations at 24 hr after the injection as compared to those of control group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of SOD activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

In the study, we investigated the effect of Taurine-F^TM, which is a commercially available fishery nutritional supplements complex, on anti-hepatotoxicity stressed with thioacetamide (TAA) and innate immune responses in olive flounder. To investigate the change in liver toxicity, firstly, TAA (30 ppm/100 g of fish) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 12 hr after the intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Taurine-F^TM (0.02 ml/100 g of fish)(Taurine/TAA). Secondly, Taurine-F^TM was i.m. injected 24 hr after the administration of TAA (TAA/Taurine). Finally, TAA was administered simultaneously with Taurine-F^TM (TAA+Taurine). All blood samples were collected 24 hr after injection. GOT level in group Taurine/TAA appeared similar to the control, whereas group TAA/Taurine and TAA+Taurine showed significantly increased (p<0.05) levels compared to the control. In GPT level, group Taurine/TAA and TAA/Taurine showed elevated levels compared to the control, whereas no significant difference was observed between group TAA+Taurine and the control. Serum ACH₅₀ activity was significantly (p<0.05) augmented 24 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control group, whereas no significant increase was observed 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection. On the other hand, serum lysozyme activity elevated in an acute stressed condition appeared significantly down-regulated 24 and 48 hr after Taurine-F^TM injection compared to the control. In conclusion, i.m. injected Taurine-F^TM augmented flounder serum complement activity and decreased a possible handling stress resulting in reducing a serum lysozyme activity and recovering hepatotoxicity. Thus, it is assumed that i.m. injection of Taurine-F^TM mixed with antibiotics or available vaccines could be utilized as an anti-hepatotoxic recipe in fish culture industry.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2012

Nowadays, automobile manufacturers are focusing on the reduction of exhaust-gas emissions because of the harmful effects on humans and the environment, such as global warming by greenhouse gases. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion is a promising technology that can improve fuel economy significantly compared to conventional port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engines. In the present study, ultra-lean combustion with an excess air ratio of over 2.0 is realized with a spray-guided-type GDI combustion system, so that the fuel consumption is improved by about 13%. The level of exhaust-gas emissions and the operation performance with the multiple injection strategy and exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) are examined in comparison with the emission regulations and from the point of view of commercialization.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 2023

Background: The subacromial (SA) space is a commonly used injection site for treatment of impingement syndrome. For shoulder stiffness, glenohumeral (GH) injections are commonly performed. However, in cases of impingement syndrome with mild shoulder stiffness, the optimal site of steroid injection has yet to be identified. Methods: This prospective, randomized study compared the short-term outcomes of ultrasound-guided GH and SA steroid injections in patients who were diagnosed with impingement syndrome and mild stiffness. Each group comprised 24 patients who received either a GH or SA injection of 40 mg of triamcinolone. Range of motion and clinical scores were assessed before and 3, 7, and 13 weeks after the injection. Results: GH and SA injections significantly improved the range of motion and clinical scores after 13 weeks of follow-up. Notably, targeting the GH joint resulted in an earlier gain of forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation in 3 weeks (P<0.001, P=0.012, and P=0.002, respectively) and of internal rotation and a Constant-Murley score in 7 weeks (P<0.001 and P=0.046). Subsequent measurements were similar between the groups and showed a steady improvement in all ranges of motion and clinical scores. Conclusions: GH injections may be more favorable than SA injections for treatment of impingement syndrome with mild stiffness, especially in improving the range of motion in the early period. However, the procedures showed similar outcomes after 3 months. Level of evidence: I.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2002