• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 1988

To compare the stimulation effect of the ratio in follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth, the serum $E_2$ level, the diameter of follicle, number of aspirated follicles and cleavage rate of in vitro fertilized preovulatory oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Forty one patients with irreparable tubal disease were stimulated by hMG(n=24) or FSH/hMG(n=17) for the purpose of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum estradiol($E_2$) levels on the day of hCG administration were $921.0{\pm}353.3\;pg/ml$ in hMG group and $1272.9{\pm}1060.6\;pg/ml$ in FSH/hMG group. The serum $E_2$ value of hMG group was significantly lower than that of FSH/hMG group. 2. The diameter of leading follicle by ultrasonogram on the day of hCG administration were $16.2{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in hMG group and $16.2{\pm}2.6\;mm$ in FSH/hMG group. No significant difference of follicle diameter between two groups was demonstrated. 3. The number of follicles with diameter above 10 mm by sonogram on the day of hCG injection were $3.91{\pm}2.32$ in hMG group and $6.52{\pm}3.86$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of follicles between two groups, (p< 0.01). 4. The number of oocytes found per patient at aspiration were $2.59{\pm}1.00$ in hMG group and 3. $76{\pm}2.31$ in FSH/hMG group. There was significant difference of number of aspirated oocytes between two groups. (p< 0.05). 5. The detection rate of preovulatory oocyte at aspiration were 68.4%(39/57) in hMG group (n=22) and 77.6%(38/49) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). 6. The cleavage rate of preovulatory oocyte at 44 hours after insemination were 74.4%(29/39) in hMG group(n=22) and 81.6%(31/38) in FSH/hMG group (n=13). When only hMG was used, one pregnancy was established in 15 patients to whom 29 zygotes were transferred. And a full term normal female baby was delivered by elective cesarean section. In the FSH/hMG group, five pregnancies out of 9 transferred patients were confirmed by serum ${\beta}-hCG$. Two pregnancies were spontaneously aborted before the 6th week of pregnancy. One patient aborted her baby at the 18th week of pregnancy because of incompetent internal os of the cervix. Two patients delivered two full term babies by elective cesarean section. From the above findings, paralell with the increase in the ratio of exogenous follicle stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed as well as an improvements in pregnancy rate. It was concluded that FSH enrichment early in the follicular phase had a beneficial effect in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.567-571
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose was to assess the usefulness of midazolam in patients undergoing minor oral surgery under conscious sedation. Materials and methods: Bispectral index was examined in 20 patients receiving oral minor surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia. All patients included were ASA I and had no contraindications to the study medications. The patients were escorted to the day surgery operation room where, before the commencement of the sedation and surgical procedures, routine monitoring was applied, including the noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and 3-lead electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram). Bispectral index electrodes were applied on the frontotemporal region after cleansing the skin with alcohol. Bispectral index was calculated with the Electrocardiogram monitor (A-2000; Aspect Co.). Midazolam was then titrated (initially 3mg wait 2min and 2mg). Vital sign and Bispectral index checked every 5 minute until the end of the procedure. The results were then compared. Results: The Bispectral index index values throughout the sedation study period alter many level. The index was dropped at 5 minutes after administration, but raised at injection and odontomy procedure. During the operation, mean Bispectral index index was higher than conscious sedation index range($60{\sim}80$). The amnesic effect was shown 17 cases out of 20 cases(85%). Conclusion: Conscious sedation technique using midazolma is a safe and effective method of controlling behavior in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2003

복강 내당능 시험과 MLD STZ 당뇨를 유발시킨 rat에서 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼의 항당뇨 활성을 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 복강 내당능 시험에서 백삼은 효과를 나타내지 못한 반면 홍삼과 화기삼은 대조군에 대하여 유의적인 변차를 나타내었다. MLD STZ로 당뇨를 유발시킨 SD계 흰쥐에 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼을 2주간 투여 후 혈당강하 활성을 비교한 결과 홍삼 투여군의 혈당이 가장 낮았으며 백삼과 화기삼은 비슷한 크기의 활성을 나타내었다. 2. 백삼과 홍삼, 화기삼은 모두 고혈당에 의한 체중 감소 현상을 개선시켰으며 각 투여군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 당뇨의 대표적인 증상인 다식 (多食)과 다음 (多飮)현상이 백삼, 홍삼, 화기삼 투여에 의하여 개선되었으며 그 중 홍삼에 의한 효과가 가장 컸다. 4. 혈당강하 활성과 ginsenoside profile간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 PPT/PPD ratio가 가장 큰 홍삼의 혈당강하 활성이 백삼과 화기삼에 비해 높은 것으로 보아 PPT/PPD ratio가 혈당강하 활성의 key ratio가 아닌가 추측된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1993

합성용질확산법으로 GaP 단결정을 성장시키고, 몇가지 성질을 조사하였다. 결정성장용 석영관을 전기로내에서 1.75mm/day의 속도로 하강시킴으로써 양질의 GaP 단결정을 성장하였다. 에치피트 밀도는 결정의 성장축 방향으로 3.8 ${\times}{10^4}$c$m^{-2}$부터 2.3 ${\times}{10^5}$c$m^2$이었다. 에너지갭의 온도의존성은 실험적으로 $E_g$(T)=[2.3383-(6.082${\times}{10^{-4}}$)$T^2$(373.096+T)eV로 구하여졌다. 저온에서의 광루미네센스 스펙트럼은 구속된 여기자의 복사재결합과 재결합 과정에 포논의 참여로 인하여 에너지갭 부근의 복잡한 선 스펙트럼이 나타났다. n형의 GaP내에서 Zn의 확산깊이는 확산시간의 제곱근에 비례하였으며, 확산계수의 온도의존성은 D(T)=3.2${\times}{10^3}$ exp(-3.486/KbTc$m^2$/sec이었다. p-nGaP 동종접합다이오드의 전기루미제센스 스펙트럼은 깊은 준위의 도너인 Zn-O 복합중심(complex center)과 Zn가 형성한 역셉터 준위사이의 도너-억셉터 쌍 재결합 천이에 의한 630nm의 발광과 에너지갭 부근의 케리어 재결합 처이에 의한 550nm의 발광으로 구성되었으며, 100mA보다 낮은 전류 영역에서 광자의 방출은 bane-filling 과정으로 이루어 진다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.226-229
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• 2000

일반적으로 안경집은 일회적으로 사용하고 버리는 것이라 생각하는 사람이 많다. 안경집을 주로 생산하고 있는 대동사출금형과의 공동 노력으로 다기능성 안경집을 개발한 것을 소개한다. 일상적인 고정관념을 버리면 편리하고 기능성이 높은 제품을 만들 수 있다는 신념으로 개발한 결과 어린이나 젊은이들이 졸아할 문방구 겸용 안경집을 개발할 수 있었다. 완구는 소비자가 일상적으로 많이 접촉하기 때문에 곰팡이나 세균이 서식하지 않도록 항균 세라믹을 이용하여 항균처리하였다. 또한 상온에서 인체에 이로운 원적외선이 방출될 수 있도록 고안하였다. 단순한 색상의 무료함을 줄이기 위하여 어린이나 젊은이들이 좋아하는 상용화된 캐릭터를 사용하여 제품의 다양화를 꾀하였고, 4개의 조각으로 만들어 어린이들이나 젊은이들이 조립할 수 있도록 하여 흥미를 더할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 소비자들이 선호하는 색을 알아보기 위하여 기존의 안경집을 활용하여 색상성호도 조사를 실시하였다. 젊은층은 자극적이고 화려한 색깔을 선호하는 한편 기성세대는 무난한 색깔을 선호하였다. 또한 콘택트 렌즈를 착용하는 경우에도 안경을 사용하는 경우가 많다. 이 경우 콘택트 렌즈와 안경을 따로 가지고 다녀야 하는 불편이 있다. 이에 착안하여 안경과 콘택트 렌즈를 겸용으로 사용하는 소비자를 위하여 안경과 콘택트 렌즈를 동시에 담을 수 있는 안경집을 개발(실용신안 출원번호:8928)하였다. 이 고안은 콘택트 렌즈를 안경집에 보관하기 위한 것으로 콘택트렌즈가 식염수에 잠겨 보관된 렌즈캡을 안경집내에 별도로 삽입되는 케이스에 수납하도록 구성하여 안경과 함께 콘택트 렌즈를 보관해 휴대하는 안경집 보관용 콘택트 렌즈 케이스에 관한 것으로 이것의 특징은 뚜껑이 열리고 닫히도록 구성된 안경집에 있어서 뚜껑 안쪽에 거울이 마련되고 뚜껑이 연결되는 선단부 안쪽에 끼움홈과 체결홈이 형성된 체결부를 갖는 안경집과 이것에 결합되는 체결구가 마련되어 개폐되는 커버가 형성된 케이스로 구성된다.로 금형설계 및 제작기간을 단축하고자 한다.ere demonstrated in rats after i.c.v., intraperitoneally and orally administration, respectively. The antiepileptical effects by the combination of compounds from ginseng; were compared with the iuluence of Rg1, Rb1, Rc and with the well known antiepileptical drugs such as carbamazepine, valproic acid. The base for the research is obtained by using the WAG/Rij strain (Luijtelaar, Coenen, Kuznetcova), an excellent genetic model for human generalized absence epilepsy. The improving action of gensinosides was effectively demonstrated on the model of electrical kindling of amygdala of WAG/Rij rats with genetically determined absences, and the influences of ginsenosides on the slow wave discharges have also been being investigated. The different characteristics of a kindling process exerted in the sex-different region of the amygdala and demonstrated that the level of sex steroids and content of neurosteroids in amygdaloid tissue ca

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2015

Objectives: Water-soluble carthami flos (WCF) is a new mixture of Carthami flos (CF) pharmacopuncture. We conducted a 4-week toxicity test of repeated intramuscular injections of WCF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Forty male and 40 female rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 male and 10 female SD rats: The control group received 0.5 mL/animal/day of normal saline whereas the three experimental groups received WCF at doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal/day, respectively. For 4 weeks, the solutions were injected into the femoral muscle of the rats alternating from side to side. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were observed; opthalmological examinations and urinalyses were performed. On day 29, blood samples were taken for hematological and clinical chemistry analyses. Then, necropsy was conducted in all animals to observe weights and external and histopathological changes in the bodily organs. All data were tested using a statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: No deaths were observed. Temporary irregular respiration was observed in male rats of the experimental group for the first 10 days. Body weights, food consumptions, opthalmological examinations, urinalyses, clinical chemistry analyses, organ weights and necropsy produced no findings with toxicological meaning. In the hematological analysis, delay of prothrombin time (PT) was observed in male rats of the 0.25- and the 0.5-mL/animal/day groups. In the histopathological test, a dose-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the fascia and panniculitis in perimuscular tissues was observed in all animals of the experimental groups. However, those symptoms were limited to local injection points. No toxicological meanings, except localized changes, were noted. Conclusion: WCF solution has no significant toxicological meaning, but does produce localized symptoms. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of WCF in male and female rats is expected for doses over 0.5 mL/animal/day.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2015

$^{64}Cu$-labeled diacetyl-bis($N^4$-methylthiosemicarbazone) is a promising agent for internal radiation therapy and imaging of hypoxic tissues. In the study, we confirmed hypoxia regions in VX2 tumor implanted rabbits with injection $^{64}Cu$-ATSM and $^{18}F$-FDG using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). PET images with $^{18}F$-FDG and $^{64}Cu$-ATSM were obtained for 40 min by dynamic scan and additional delayed PET images of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM the acquired up to 48 hours. Correlation between intratumoral $O_2$ level and $^{64}Cu$-ATSM PET image was analyzed. $^{64}Cu$-ATSM and $^{18}F$-FDG were intravenously co-injected and the tumor was dissected and cut into slices for a dual-tracer autoradiographic analysis. In the PET imaging, $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in VX2 tumors displayed a specific uptake in hypoxic region for48 h. The uptake pattern of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in VX2 tumor at 24 and 48 h did not match to the $^{18}F$-FDG. Through ROI analysis, in the early phase (dynamic scan), $^{18}F$-FDG has positive correlation with $^{64}Cu$-ATSM but late phase (24 and 48 h) of the $^{64}Cu$-ATSM showed negative correlation with $^{18}F$-FDG. High uptake of $^{64}Cu$-ATSM in hypoxic region was responded with significant decrease of oxygen pressure, which confirmed by $^{64}Cu$-ATSM PET imaging and autoradiographic analysis. In conclusion, $^{64}Cu$-ATSM can utilize for specific targeting of hypoxic region in tumor, and discrimination between necrotic- and viable hypoxic tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2005

본 연구는 streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 동과에서 추출한 각 용매분획물을 14일간 경구투여한 후 혈당과 지질함량을 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 당뇨대조군과 비교시 실험 14일 후 당뇨실험군에서 체중감소가 낮아졌으며, 실험 10일째부터는 당뇨실험군에서 혈당 수준이 당뇨대조군보다 감소하는 경향을 보이었다. 특히 $CHCl_3$분획물 투여군과 $H_2O$분획물 투여군은 14일째에 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 나타내었다. 당뇨실험군은 혈장 유리지방산 수준에서도 당뇨대조군에 비해 낮은 수준이었으며 $CHCl_{3}$분획물 투여군은 혈장 중성지방 수준에서도 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. ALT와 AST 활성도는 당뇨대조군에 비해 $H_2O$분획물 투여군에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에게 $CHCl_3$분획물의 투여가 실험적 당뇨에 대하여 체중의 감소를 둔화시키며 특히 혈장 중 포도당의 함량을 유의성있게 감소시키는 것으로 보아 당뇨병에 대한 개선효과가 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간독성에 대하여 AE의 항염증 효과와 예방기전을 연구하는 것이다. 사염화탄소에 의해 간손상이 유도된 Sprague-Dawley 쥐에서 간독성 지표, 항염증 및 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. 우선 사염화탄소에 의해 간손상이 유도된 실험동물에서 Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai의 에탄올 추출물 및 acanthoic acid 섭취로 혈장 ALT 활성이 유의하게 개선됨을 보여주었다. 간조직병리학적 분석에서는 사염화탄소 처리된 대조군에서 거대한 브리징 경화와 심각한 지방변성을 관찰하였는데, 이는 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간손상이 성공적이었다는 것을 의미한다. 고용량군인 AE3이 저용량군인 AE1보다 간보호 효과가 더 좋은 것으로 보인다. AE는 단일물질인 AA보다 간독성에 대한 예방요인과 항염증 효과로서 중요한 역할을 하는데 더 우세한다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 사염화탄소에 의해 유도된 간손상에 대한 AE와 AA의 예방 효과가 항염증 성질에 부분적으로 관여하는 것을 제안한다. AE의 생화학학적 효과는 단일물질인 AA보다 우수하며 향후 연구에서 식이변경으로 AE에 대한 추가 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 사료된다.