• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.353.2-353
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• 2002

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose 5% pharmacopuncture (GWG5). Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five males and five females per group: an intravenous (IV) injection of 1.0 mL of normal saline solution per animal was administered to the control group; IV injections of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of GWG5 per animal were administered to the experimental groups (G: 0.1, G: 0.5, and G: 1.0). Observation of clinical signs and body weight measurements were carried out for 14 days following the injections. At the end of the observation period, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests, as well as necropsy examinations, were performed on the injected parts. Results: No mortalities or adverse clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. The body weights of all groups continuously increased. In the hematological and the biochemical tests, females in G-0.1 had minimal changes, but those changes were not dose dependent. On necropsy examination, no abnormalities were observed. In the histopathological test, focal inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in two female rats, one in the control group and one in G-1.0. Also, one female rat in the control group had an epidermis crust. These changes were concluded to have been caused by the insertion of the needle into a vein. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that the lethal dose of GWG5 administered via IV injection is more than 1.0 mL per animal in both male and female rats. Further studies are needed to establish more detailed evidence of its toxicity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.280-286
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• 1987

For evaluating the boosting (anamnestic) effects of the most recent commercially produced plasma derived heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (A. Co.), 117 adults with naturally acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were selected at random. In addition, out of case immunized at zero and 1 month, and boosted at 6 months (primary boosting) by conventional vaccine (B. Co), inactivated by pepsin digestion and formalin treatment, 11 cases who showed elevated titer after primary boosting were also submitted to the study. The results were as follows: 1) Out of the 117 subjects with naturally acquired anti-HBs, 6(5.1%) showed isolated anti-HBs and the titers were below 10 ratio units (RU). Negative seroconversion was seen in 4(3.4%) of the 117 cases at 12 months after the screening and, of these cases, 3 showed isolated anti-HBs and the titers were below 10 RU. 2) Eighty-three percent of the cases with naturally acquired isolated anti-HBs below 10 RU did not respond to a booster injection with 3 us dose of A. Co. vaccine at all, but 90% of the other subjects responded. 3) The anti-HBs titers of all the 11 cases who showed a rise of more than 10 RU (increased GMT, 28.04) at one month after primary booster injection by $20{\mu}g$ dose of B. Co. vaccine decreased at 19 months after the primary booster. And 3 subjects (27.3%) of the 11 reached negative seroconversion. All of the 11 cases, who had secondary booster injection with $3{\mu}g$ dose of A. Co. vaccine at 19 months after primary boosting, showed increased anti-HBs titer at least 20 RU or more (increased GMT, 57. 72) at one month after the boosting. According to the above results in the anti-HBs screening survey for the purpose of immunization with hepatitis B vaccine, subjects with isolated anti-HBs below 10 RU should be regarded as being in an unimmunized state. In cases who are in risk circumstances, immunized primarily with a $20{\mu}g$ dose of B. Co. vaccine, a secondary booster injection should be given within 2 years after initiation of primary immunization and a $3{\mu}g$ booster dose of A. Co. vaccine can be reliably used.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

[ $^{99m}Tc$ ]를 주사할 때 시술자의 손가락에 흡수되는 방사선량을 예측하기 위해, GEANT4를 이용하여 초당 370 MBq의 방사능량을 가지는 0.4 mL 체적의 $^{99m}Tc$ 선원을 대상으로 각 손가락에 대한 등가선량을 구하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 오른손 엄지($0.29\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), 검지($1.19\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), 중지($1.07\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), 왼손 엄지($4.36\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), 검지($3.37\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$)의 등가선량을 얻을 수 있었다. 이와 같은 계산 결과는 $^{99m}$Tc 주입시 시술자의 손가락에 흡수되는 선량을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 1983

To elucidate the effect of ginseng butanol fraction on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, ginseng butanol fraction was administered before and after injection of streptozotocin(50mg/kg, i.v.), and glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels in serum were determined at 96 hours after streptozotocin injection. Serum glucose, insulin levels were significantly decreased by administration of ginseng butanol fraction (100mg/kg, p.o.) at 7 hour and 7, 4, 1, hour(three times) before streptozotocin injection. The glucose levels were significantly decresed by administration of ginseng butanol fraction at 1 hour (100mg/kg) after strcptozotocin injection, and also serum glucose levels in groups of continuous administration of ginseng butanal fraction(100mg/kg) for 3 days after streptozotocin injection were markedly decreased than in group of single dose of ginseng butanol fraction. Ginseng butanol fraction has the protective and relieving action against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1993

연구배경 : 그람 음성균의 내독소는 ARDS를 유발하는 제일 흔한 원인으로 알려져 있으며 그 기전중에 내독소에 의해서 폐로의 유입이 증가되고 활성화된 호중구에서 분비하는 산소기가 증가하여 모세혈관 내피세포등에 손상을 입히기 때문이라는 설이 유력하다. 그러한 증가된 산소기를 처리하는 항산화효소가 내독소를 대량 투여하거나 소량 반복투여시 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 본 실험을 하였다. 방법 : 250~300g 되는 쥐에 내독소 대량투여군은 7mg/kg body weight로 내독소를 1회 복강내 주사하였고 소량 반복투여군은 1 mg/kg body weight로 10일간 매일 복강내 주사하였다. 대량투여군은 주사후 6, 12, 24시간후에, 소량 반복투여군은 주사후 3, 7, 10일에 각각 기관지 폐포세척술을 시행하고 살해하였다. 폐동맥을 통하여 생리 식염수를 주입하여 적혈구를 제거한후 양측 폐를 들어내고 무게를 잰후 무게의 5배되는 용량의 50 mM potassium phosphate 완충액하에 3분 간 homogenize시켰다. 이들 $4^{\circ}C$ 에서 60분간 100,000g의 속도로 원심분리하여 상충액을 $-70^{\circ}C$에 보관하였다가 Cu, Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase, GSH-Px와 albumin 농도를 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 폐의 wet/dry 무게비 및 기관지 폐포세척액내 albumin 농도는 내독소 대량투여후 12시간에 최고로 증가하였고 기관지 폐포세척액내 호중구는 내독소 대량투여후 6 시간에 최고로 증가하였다. 2) Cu, Zn SOD (IU/mg protein)는 대조군 ($66.7{\pm}26.3$)에 비해 대량투여군에서 6시간후 ($21.86{\pm}5.79$)와 12시간후 ($31.96{\pm}9.54$)에 각각 의의있는 감소를 나타냈으며 소량 반복투여군에서는 큰 변화가 없었다. 3) Mn SOD, catalase, GSH-Px의 양은 대량 또는 소량투여군 모두에서 특별한 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 결론: 내독소를 대량투여시 급성 폐부종의 소견과 함께 폐조직내 Cu, Zn SOD가 6시간 및 12시간후에 현저히 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었는데 이러한 현상은 내독소에 의해서 폐의 세포가 손상을 받은 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 SOD를 외부에서 보충해주거나 폐내에서 합성을 증가시키는 방법으로 급성 폐손상의 진행을 막을수 있는지에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2004

The toxicity of CKD-602 was investigated at doses of 3, 9, and 27 mg/kg in rats, when the same total dose of CKD-602 was administered over 24 hr-continuous infusion or bolus injection. At 3 and 9 mg/kg, the 24-hr infusion group showed a more decreased WBC count on day 3, compared with the bolus group. Administration of CKD-602 caused more toxic effects such as the significant decreases of RBC counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count on day 7 post-administarion in the 24-hr infusion group than in the bolus group. Administration of CKD-602 also caused histopathological changes such as extramedullary hemopoiesis of liver and spleen, hyperplasia of femoral bone marrow, and caecal dilation. These toxic effects were more severe in the 24-hr infusion group than in the bolus injection group, indicating that the toxicity of CKD-602 may be dependant upon the duration of administration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

Magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$) plays an important role in the regulation of a range of intracellular processes. Regulation of extracellular $Mg^{2+}$ contents was studied in the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$), and circulating $Mg^{2+}$($[Mg^{2+}]c$) was measured after the injection and then 10 and 20 minutes later. A dose-dependent increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ was observed in animals injected with $NaNO_2$ at a dose of 10mg/kg or higher. Pretreatment with methylene blue prevented the $NaNO_2$-induced increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$. $[Mg^{2+}]c$ displayed an inverse linear correlation with hemoglobin and exponential correlation during $NaNO_2$ injection. Injection of KCN or rotenone also induced an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$. An increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ was observed when respiration rate was reduced from 100/min (140ml/min) to 10/min (14ml/min) during 30 min. These results indicate that changes in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ inversely reflect alteration of ATP in a model of metabolic inhibition.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 1996

Recently, hospital acquired infections have an increase interest as a public problems, which are caused of indoor pollutants in hospital. Microorganisms, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, and anesthetic gases are main hazardous pollutants in hospital. The possible pathways of the infection are a respiratory channel as well as a blood channel. The blood channel is concerned since these pollutants might be dissolved into the Ringer's solution. The objective of this research was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of adsorption trap for formaldehyde and microorganisms as indoor pollutants which permeated into the Ringer's solution. Dissolved formaldehyde in the solution was increased with the injection dose time. The amount of dissolved formaldehyde was 67.5 $\pm$ 9.5% in Ringer's solution when injection dose time was controlled about 7hrs. An adsorption trap was designed for preventing formaldehyde and microorganisms to be permeated into Ringer's solution. The adsorption trap was packed with 0.4g of active carbon (60/80 mesh) in a sterilized plastic tube (7.79 cm length, 0.46 cm i.d.) and both ends were packed with glass wool. Devised infusion set equipped with the adsorption trap showed 99.9% of removal efficiency for formaldehyde. Microorganism numbers detected on sterilized water for injection and 5% dextrose infusion used in the hospital were 2,695 $\times 10^3$ cells/l and 4,190 $\times 10^3$ cells/l, respectively. Removal efficiency by the adsorption trap was 92.3 $\pm$ 8.5% as for microorgnisms.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

Cisplatin is an inorganic complex formed by a central atom of platinum surrounded by chlorine and ammonia atoms in the cis position in the horizontal plane, Cisplatin is one of the most effective anticancer drug, widely used against various tumor such as testicular tumor, brain tumor, ovary tumor, bladder carcinoma, colon cancer etc. However its clinical use has been limited by nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity , gastrointestinal disturbances, myeloscrppression and allergic reactions. In these toxicities, dose related and cumulative nephrotoxicity is the major dose limit factor. So, to evaluate the protective effect of aspalactone on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats, both compounds were given intraperitoneally, Protective effects of aspalactone against nephrotoxicity of cisplatin were observed when aspalactone was administered to rats 1hr beforecisplatin injection. Hepatotoxicity induced by combination treatment of cisplatin and aspalactone was not observed. The present results indicate that aspalactone may provide protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity, when it is given 1hr before cisplatin injection.