• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2011

Micro features on the surface are well-known to have significant effects on optical or mechanical properties such as the optical interference, reflectance at the surface, contact angle, interfacial friction, etc. These surface micro features are increasingly employed to enhance the functionality of the applications in various application areas such as optical components for LCD or solar panel. Diverse surface features have been proposed and some of them are showing excellent efficiency or functionality, especially in optical applications. Most applications employing the micro features need manufacturing process for mass production and the injection molding and roll-to-roll forming, which are typical processes for mass production adopting polymeric materials, may be also preferred for micro patterned plastic product. Since the functionality or efficiency of the surface structures generally depends on the shape and the size of the structure itself or the array of the structures on the surface, it would be very important to replicate the features very precisely as being designed during the molding the micro pattern applications. In this paper, a series of research activities is introduced for roll-to-roll forming of micro patterned film including filling of patterns with UV curable resin, demolding of surface structures from the roll tool, control of surface energy and cure shrinkage of resin and dispose time and intensity of the UV light for curing of UV curable resin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1992

본 연구는 tilapia의 Edwardsiella tarda균체 항원(FKC)에 대한 항원성을 증가시키고, 백신의 투여 효과를 지속시키기 위해 백신을 3종류의 adjuvant 즉 FCA, FIA 및 PAS에 혼합하여 사용했을 때와 adjuvant만을 사용했을 때 그리고 E. tarda의 FKC를 투여 했을 때의 효과를 비교 조사하고자 하였다. Microtiter법에 의해 응집 항체가의 지속성을 측정하였고, 공격 시험에 대한 방어 효과는 E. tarda T1123균주의 농도별에 따른 상대 생존율(RPS)로서 판정하였다. 3종류의 adjuvant에 혼합시킨 백신 실험구는 FKC 단독 투여 실험구에 비하여 8주째 높은 응집 항체가를 지속시켰다. 가장 높은 응집 항체가는 2주째 FCA+FKC, PAS+FKC 및 FKC 실험구에서 나타났다. 상대 생존율이 60이상으로 나타난 실험구는 면역 처리 후 3주째 $2.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$와 $2.5{\times}10^8\;CFU/ml$ 농도로서 공격 시험한 FCA+FKC, PAS+FKC 및 FKC 실험구와 8주째 $2.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$ 농도로서 공격 시험한 FCA+FKC 및 PAS+FKC 실험구 이었다. Adjuvant만으로 면역 처리한 Tilapia의 E. tarda에 대한 저항성은 대조구보다 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. Tilapia의 에드와드병에 대한 백신의 adjuvant로서 FCA와 PAS는 백신 효과를 장기간 지속시켜 방어력을 증강시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 1993

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-Platin), a metallic compound, has widely been used as an effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agent. The precise mechanism of action of this agent is still unknown, but it is postulated that cis-Platin may act on the cancer cell like bifunctional alkylating agents. Although this agent is very beneficial to the patients with cervical cancer, germinoma of testis, neuroblastoma and others, it may also damage to the normal cell so that many side effects; severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis, bone marrow depression, renal damage and liver damage will develope. This experiment has been undertaken to pursue the cytotoxic effects of the cis-Platin on the ultrastructures of the interalveolar septum in the mouse lung. A total of 55 healthy male mice of ICR strain were used as experimental animals and divided into 5 mice of normal control group and 50 mice of cis-Platin treated group. The mice of cis-Platin treated group were sacrificed by carotid exsanguination at 6, 12, 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of 6.0 mg of cis-Platin ($Abiplatin^R$ Abic Co. Ltd.) per kg of mouse body weight. The specimen obtained from the lower lobe of left lung were sliced into $1mm^3$ and prefixed with 2% glutaraldehyde -2.5% paraformaldehyde solution prepared with Millonig's phosphatae buffer solution (pH 7.4) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 3-4 hours. After postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution all specimens were embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections about $600-800{\AA}$ in thickness were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Local swellings with increase of electron density and number of pinocytic vesicles in the cytoplasms of the type I pneumocyte and endothelial cell of the blood air barrier in interalveolar septum of cis-platin treated mice were observed. 2. Cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were dilated and sacculated in association with detachment of membrane bound ribosomes of the type II pneumocyte in interalveolar septum of cis-Platin treated mice. 3. Swollon mitochondria with uneven electron density of their matrix were observed in the type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum in the cis-Platin treated mice. 4. The lamellae of lammelar bodies in type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum in cis-Platin treated mice were devoided or transformed into homogeneous electron dense material. It is consequently suggested that cis-Platin would induce the cellular edema of type I pneumocyte and endothelial cell, and degenerative changes of cytoplasmic organelles of the type II pneumocyte in the interalveolar septum of the mouse lung.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

패혈증 환자에 흡입마취제를 투여하는 것은 혈역동학에 심각한 영향을 초래할 수 있다. 흡입마취제 투여시 내독소혈증흰쥐 대동맥 수축반응에 미치는 hydroxocobalamin의 영향을 알아보기위해, 내독소 (1.5 mg/kg)를 복강내 투여한 뒤 18시간 후에 대동맥을 적출하여 phenylephrine에 대한 수축반응과 이에 대한 흡입마취제 및 hydroxocobalamin의 작용을 알아보았다. 패혈증이 적절히 유발되었는 지를 확인하기 위해 RT-PCR을 이용하여 혈관 평활근에서 iNOS유도를 확인하였다. 내독소 처치에 의해 수축기 및 확장기 혈압이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었으나, 심박동수는 영향이 없었다. Phenylephrine에 대한 수축반응은 $10^{-8}\;M$부터 $10^{-5}\;M$까지 용량 의존적으로 증가했으며, 내독소혈증흰쥐 대동맥에서 수축반응이 억제되었다. halothane과 enflurane은 1 MAC 농도에서 phenylephrine에 의한 수축반응을 유의하게 억제했으나 isoflurane은 영향이 없었다. Hydroxocobalamin $(10^{-5}\;M)$은 흡입마취제의 종류 및 투여 유무에 관계없이 내독소혈증흰쥐 대동맥 수축반응을 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 hydroxocobalamin은 패혈증 환자의 흡입마취시 혈역동을 개선시킬 것으로 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2007

천연기능성물질을 함유한 농산물을 활용하여 국민건강을 보호할 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위해 항산화 및 항암 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 양파를 이용하여 수컷 rat에서 농약독성 경감효과를 시험하였다. 6주간 양파즙액을 투여한 후 chlorprifos 0, 2, $4\;mg\;kg^{-1}$을 복강내 투여하였다. 간, 폐, 혈청 중 항산화효소인 SOD의 변화를 조사한 결과 양파즙액 투여 후 chlorprifos를 투여한 군이 chlorpyrifos 단독 투여군에 비해 간과 폐의 SOD 활성이 높게 나타나는 것으로 나타나 항산화기능이 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. 혈청 중 BUN/Creatinine ratio를 조사한 결과 양파즙액 투여 후 chlorpyrifos를 투여한 군이 단독 투여군에 비해 수치가 낮게 나타나 신장독성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Methoxychlor (MXC) was developed to be a replacement for the banned pesticide DDT. HPTE [2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], which is an in vivo metabolite of MXC, has strong oestrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. MXC and HPTE are thought to produce potentially adverse effects by acting through oestrogen and androgen receptors. Of the two, HPTE binds to sex-steroid receptors with greater affinity, and it inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells by inhibiting cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity and cholesterol utilisation. In a previous study, MXC was shown to induce Leydig cell apoptosis by decreasing testosterone concentrations. I focused on the effects of MXC on male mice that resulted from interactions with sex-steroid hormone receptors. Sex-steroid hormones affect other organs including the kidney and liver. Accordingly, I hypothesised that MXC can act through sex-steroid receptors to produce adverse effects on the testis, kidney and liver, and I designed our experiments to confirm the different effects of MXC exposure on the male reproductive system, kidney and liver. In these experiments, I used pre-pubescent ICR mice; the puberty period in ICR mice is from postnatal day (PND) 45 to PND60. I treated the experimental group with 0, 100, 200, 400 mg MXC/kg b.w. delivered by an intra-peritoneal injection with sesame oil used as vehicle for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed under anaesthesia. The testes and accessory reproductive organs were collected, weighed and prepared for histological investigation. I performed a chemiluminescence immune assay to observe the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH. Blood biochemical determination was also performed to check for other effects. There were no significant differences in our histological observations or relative organ weights. Serum testosterone levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner; a greater dose resulted in the production of less testosterone. Compared to the control group, testosterone concentrations differed in the 200 and 400 mg/kg dosage groups. In conclusion, I observed markedly negative effects of MXC exposure on testosterone concentrations in pre-pubescent male mice. From our biochemical determinations, I observed some changes that indicate renal and hepatic failure. Together, these data suggest that MXC produces adverse effects on the reproductive system, kidney and liver.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.432-441
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 Tenax-GR을 이용한 고체흡착관과 curie-point식 열탈착 장치로 구성된 농축장치와 자동시료채취장치를 short column GC/PID의 주입구에 연결하여 대기압 이하에서 작동되는 자동화된 휴대용 농축-기체 크로마토그래프 시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 농축-열탈착-분석 및 세정의 3과정이 한 단위로 작동되며 1~2 min 주기로 연속적인 단위조작이 가능하였다. 톨루엔 표준기체로 검토한 농축장치는 $0.405{\sim}4.05mg/m^3$의 농도범위에서 $94.7{\pm}6.6{\sim}103.8{\pm}3.1$의 높은 회수율을 나타냈고, 7% 이내의 RSD로 좋은 재현성을 나타냈다. 4 m의 짧은 모세관 컬럼을 사용한 본 시스템에서는 벤젠, 톨루엔 및 자일렌(BTX)의 혼합표준기체를 30 sec 이내에 신속하게 분리할 수 있었다. 그리고 컬럼출구의 압력이 입구보다 낮은 진공 GC로 작동되기 때문에 일반 GC에 비해 컬럼의 단위길이당 분리능을 높일 수 있었다. 본 시스템의 벤젠, 톨루엔, o-자일렌 표준기체의 검출한계는 각각 41, 49, $472ng/m^3$로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 시스템은 환경대기 중 저농도의 BTX를 수 분 이내의 주기로 연속모니터링하는 장치로 현장에 적용할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.830-838
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• 2020

본 연구는 MIA로 퇴행성관절염을 유도한 랫드에 방사선 형질전환 차조기가 골 대사 및 염증 반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 방사선 형질전환 차조기를 2주 동안 25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 경구 투여하고 랫드의 우측 관절 내 공간에 MIA를 주입하였다. 이후 동일한 용량을 4주 동안 지속 투여하였다. 혈청 바이오마커와 무릎 관절 분석의 형태학 및 조직병리학적 분석에 기초한 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 대조군 랫드와 비교하였을 때 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 혈청 내 염증 및 골 대사 마커(COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, COMP)의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이와는 다르게 TIMP-1 및 calcitonin의 생성이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 무릎 연골과 활막을 효과적으로 보존하였다. 그 결과, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 증상을 예방하고 완화였다. 따라서, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 관리를 위한 식·의약품 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.335-356
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• 1997

Injection of bovine growth hormone (bGH) to lactating dairy cows increases milk yield and yields of milk components including fat. It is generally believed that most of the anabolic effects derived from bGH in animal tissues are primarily mediated by IGF-1. IGF-1 is a strong anabolic peptide in the plasma of animals and exerts mitogenic and metabolic effects on target cells. Contrary to most protein hormones, the majority of IGF-1 in circulation is bound to the binding proteins (IGFBPs) which are known to be responsible for modifying the biological actions of IGF-1, thus making determinations of IGF-1 actions more difficult. On the other hand, fat is a major milk component and the greatest energy source in milk. Currently, the fat content of milk is one of the major criteria used in determining milk prices. It has been known that flavor and texture of dairy products are mainly affected by milk fat and its composition. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate limiting enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis in 1ipogenic tissues of animals including bovine lactating mammary glands. In addition to the short-tenn hormonal regulation of ACC by changes in the catalytic efficiency per enzyme molecule brought about by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the enzyme, the long-term hormonal regulation of ACC by changes in the number of enzyme molecules plays an essential role in control of ACC and lipogenesis. Insulin, at supraphysiological concentrations, binds to IGF-1 receptors, thereby mimicking the biological effects of IGF-1. The receptors for insulin and IGF-1 share structural and functional homology. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor increased ACC activity in rat hepatocytes and adipocytes. Therefore, it can be assumed that IGF-1 mediating bGH action may increase milk fat production by stimulation ACC with phosphorylation (short term) and/or increasing amounts of the enzyme proteins (long term). Consequently, the main purpose of this paper is to give the readers not only the galactopoietic effects of bGH, but also the insight of bGH action with regard to stimulating milk fat synthesis from the whole body to the molecular levels.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-38
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• 2000

It has been widely said in Korea that early administrations of Cervi cornu parvum (deer antler) to febrile infants affect brain functions. Traditional Oriental Medicine states that the head is easily affected by fever and only an excess of heat causes headaches. Traditional Oriental Medicine also states that Cervi cornu parvum cannot be used in febrile conditions. With the aim of investigating different febrile response to LPS, experiments using intravenous injection of LPS have been carried out on Cervi comu parvum(CCP) and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum(SB-CCP) administered rabbits. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the effects of early administration of CCP on learning and memory in 3 week old rats with LPS fever. These were evaluated by using the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze. Changes in body weight were also observed during this period. The results of these experiments are as follows. 1. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, the CCP and SB-CCP administered group showed statistically significant reductions of fever (p<0.05). 2. In the experiments with febrile rabbits, CCP and SB-CCP administered rabbits resulted in the tendency of lower body temperatures and shorter fever periods than the control group. 3. There were no differences of mean body weight and fever patterns among the 4 groups in the experiments on young rats with LPS fever. 4. There was no statistical difference of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I (DDW administered), GroupIII (CCP administered), and groupIV (SB-CCP administered) in the Morris water maze. However, Group Ⅱ (the scopolamine administered group) showed delayed latencies on the second day of the first session (p<0.05), and the second and third day of the second session (p< 0.05). 5. There were no statistical differences of mean response latencies among the rats in Group I, III and Ⅳ in the radial arm maze, but Group Ⅱ showed delayed latencies on the first and third day of the first session (p<0.05). 6. There was no influence from the administration of CCP and SB-CCP on the general behavior of the rats in Irwin´s test. These results suggest that Cervi cornu parvum and Soahbohyul - tang combined with Cervi comu parvum have anti-pyretic actions on LPS fever. The results also suggest that these drugs have no influence on learning and memory in young rats with LPS fever in the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze.