• Mycobiology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2003

To select active bacterial strains to control plant diseases, 57 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of the plants growing in various areas such as coast, middle and top of Halla Mountain in Jeju Island. Anti-fungal effect of isolated bactrial strains was tested in vitro by incubating in potato dextrose agar with isolates of four fungal plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. orbiculare, respectively. Thirty-four bacterial strains inhibited the hyphal growth of the plant pathogens, from which 17 strains inhibited one of the tested fungi, 10 strains two fungi, six strains three and a strain TRL2-3 inhibited all of the tested fungi. Some bacterial strains could inhibit weakly the hyphal growth of the plant pathogens, whereas some did very strongly with apparent inhibition zone between the plant pathogens and bacterial strains indicating the unfavorable condition for hyphal growth. Although there was no apparent inhibition zone, some bacterial strains showed a strong suppression of hyphal growth of plant pathogens. Especially, the inhibition by TRL2-3 was remarkably strong in all cases of the tested plant pathogens in this study that could be a possible candidate for biological control of various plant diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

본 논문은 새로운 항암소재를 검색하기 위하여 식품으로부터 곰팡이를 분리하고 그 대사산물을 이용하여 수종의 암세포주의 생육을 대한 억제 물질을 탐색하고자 하며, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 항생물질 연구의 기초자료를 확보하고 결과물의 응용도를 모색하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 식품으로부터 총 72종의 곰팡이를 분리 하였고, 전면 및 후면의 색, 모양. 성장속도에 따라 4가지 group로 나누어 실험에 사용하였다. 그리고 그 대사산물(배양무, 균체)을 ethly acetate로 추출하여, 총 6종의 암세포주에 대하여 MTT assay을 실험하였다. 그 ruf과 A, B, C, D group 중 D group에서 가장 높은 증식 억제를 확인 하였으며, D4의 증식억제 효과가 가장 높음을 확인하였다. 위암 세포주인 KATO III, AGS, SUN-668에 대한 증식억제 효과는 30-98%로 나타났으며, 간암 세포주인 Hepa1c1c7, HepG2에는 10-98%, 유방암 세포주인 MDA-MB-231에 대해서는 25-90%의 증식억제 효과를 확인하였다. 배양물과 균체의 항암성은 개체에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 배양물이 대부분 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the possible effect of garlic produced in Korea on the inhibition/reduction of growth of A. parasiticus, a toxigenic strain. The effect was studied using different concentrations of freeze-dried garlic in potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and/or in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) broth at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. While inhibition of the fungal growth due to increasing the concentration of garlic was observed, the more remarkable effect was observed on the ninth day. Reduction of fungal diameter as a result of addition of garlic on PDA was observed to range between 3.4% to 20.1 % while reduction of mycelial weight in YES broth ranged from 9.9% to 30.5%. The 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations of garlic significantly reduced fungal diameter in PDA on the 9th day, while 0.1 %, 0.5%, and 1.0% concentrations of garlic significantly reduced the mycelial weight in YES broth (p<0.05). Dose-response relationships were observed between the concentration of garlic and inhibition of growth both in solid culture and in liquid culture. This study indicates that garlic could be an effective inhibitor at a human consumption level of the growth of A. parasiticus. More research is needed to study the inhibitory effects of the main active component of garlic.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases in cucurbits. Crop yield can decline as the disease severity increases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of silver nanoparticles against powdery mildew under different cultivation conditions in vitro and in vivo. Silver nanoparticles (WA-CV-WA13B) at various concentrations were applied before and after disease outbreak in plants to determine antifungal activities. In the field tests, the application of 100 ppm silver nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition rate for both before and after the outbreak of disease on cucumbers and pumpkins. Also, the application of 100 ppm silver nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition for the growth of fungal hyphae and conidial germination in in vivo tests. Scanning electron microscope results indicated that the silver nanoparticles caused detrimental effects on both mycelial growth and conidial germination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6627-6632
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study concerns molecular mechanisms involved in induction of apoptosis by a fungal taxol extracted from the fungus Cladosporium oxysporum in T47D human breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Apoptosis-induced by the fungal taxol was assessed by MTT assay, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and pro- as well as anti-apoptotic protein expression by Western blotting. Results: Our results showed inhibition of T47D cell proliferation with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.5{\mu}M/ml$ after 24 h incubation. It was suggested that the extract may exert its anti-proliferative effect on human breast cancer cell line by suppressing growth, arresting through the cell cycle, increase in DNA fragmentation as well as down-regulation of the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax, cyt-C and caspase-3. Conclusions: We propose that the fungal taxol contributes to growth inhibition in the human breast cancer cell through apoptosis induction via a mitochondrial mediated pathway, with possible potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1973

The majority of drugs used in the treatment of superficial fungal infections has limited values due to its low efficacy or development of resistance. For the purpose of searching efficacious agent on the superficial fungal infections induced by dermatophytes which is regarded as the most malicious one, authors examined whether Chinae Rhizoma Extracts have significant on it. Extracts from Smilax china Linne used for the study are water extract (CRWE), ethanol extract (CREE) and methanol extract (CRME). In in vitro studies, the spores of the dermatophytes were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained three extracts of Chinae Rhizoma in each concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, and also $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of salicylic acid and undecylenic acid $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ as comparable drugs. The growth of the dermatophytes were observed for 3 weeks. The species of the dermatophytes used in this experiment were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum cookei, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum distributed from The Institute of Tropical Medicine in Belgium. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. The growth of M. canis, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans were slightly inhibited in CRWE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and CRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, and only slight inhibition on the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis and M. gypseum were observed in CRWE $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 2. Complete inhibition of T. rubrum, moderate inhibition of M. nanum & T. tonsurans, and slight inhibition of E. floccosunl, M. canis, M. cookei & T. mentagrophytes in growth were observed in concentration of CREE $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. The growth of M. gypseum was slightly inhibited, moderate inhibition on the growth of M. canis, M. cookei & T. mentagrophytes, and complete inhibition of E. floccosum, M. nanum, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans in growth were observeed by CREE $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. With $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of CREE, the growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans were completely inhibited except T. verrucosum being showed slight inhibition. 3. In CRME $500\;{\mu}g/ml$, slight inhibition of T. verrucosum, moderate inhibition of M. gypseum and complete inhibition of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans in growth were observed. The growth of E. floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, M. gypseum, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans were completely inhibited except T. verrucosum being showed moderate inhibition in both CRME $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ and CRME $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. 4. In $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of undecylenic acid, slight inhibition of T. verrucosum and complete inhibition of E, floccosum, M. canis, M. cookei, M. gypseum, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum & T. tonsurans in growth were observed. From the above results, it was found that Chinas Rhizoma Alcoholic Extracts(CREE & CRME) exerted significant antifungal activity, and their effects were probably derived from the pharmacological actions of triterpenoidal saponin and steroidal saponin.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate thermophilic bacteria from soil having broad antifungal spectrum against Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and Botrytis cinerea. One isolate selected could resist heat shock of $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and had broad antifungal activity in dual culture assay against all tested fungal pathogens and was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y1 using 16S rRNA gene sequence. Further investigation for antifungal activity of bacterial culture filtrate (BCF) and butanol crude extract (BCE) of various concentrations showed broad spectrum antifungal activity and fungal growth inhibition significantly increased with increasing concentration with highest growth inhibition of 100% against R. solani with 50% BCF and 11 mm of zone of inhibition against R. solani with 4 mg BCE concentration. Treatment of butanol crude extract resulted in deformation, lysis or degradation of C. gloeosporioides and P. capsici hyphae. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens Y1 produced volatile compounds inhibiting growth of R. solani (70%), C. gloeosporioides (65%) and P. capsici (65-70%) when tested in volatile assay. The results from the study suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens Y1 could be a biocontrol candidate to control fungal diseases in crops.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.325-327
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• 2012

먹물버섯 C. congregatus의 자가분해되는 자실체 조직에서 발현되는 chitinase (Chi2)가 식물병원성 균류인 A. alternata와 F. graminearum를 대상으로 고체배지와 액체배지에서 포자의 발아 및 균사 생장에 대하여 보이는 억제효과 실험을 수행하였다. 액체배지에서 $50{\mu}g/ml$의 Chi2 농도에서 A. alternata의 포자 발아가 90% 이상 억제되었고, $70{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 실험균류 모두 생장이 억제되었다. 고체배지에서 하루에 $6{\mu}g$씩 2회 더한 Chi2에 의하여 F. graminearum 균사 생장이 억제됨을 확인하였고, 이때 균사의 branching이 상대적으로 감소하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2009

Effects of silver nanoparticles on the phytopathogenic fungal growth were investigated. Fungal phytopathogens, especially for sclerotium-forming species Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, were selected due to their important roles in survival and disease cycle. Tests for the fungal hyphal growth revealed that silver nanoparticles remarkably inhibit the hyphal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Different antimicrobial efficiency of the silver nanoparticle was observed among the fungi on their hyphal growth in the following order, R. solani > S. sclerotiorum > S. minor. Tests for the sclerotial germination growth revealed that the nanoparticles showed significant inhibition effectiveness. In particular, the sclerotial germination growth of S. sclerotiorum was most effectively inhibited at low concentrations of silver nanoparticles. A microscopic observation revealed that hyphae exposed to silver nanoparticles were severely damaged, resulting in the separation of layers of hyphal wall and collapse of hyphae. This study suggests the possibility to use silver nanoparticles as an alternative to pesticides for scleotium-forming phytopathogenic fungal controls.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 키토메이트, 다이균, IC-66D, 골드보르도, 바이오스팟 등 5종의 친환경농자재의 포도 주요 균류병 병원균 7가지에 대한 생장억제 효과를 검정하였다. 병원균의 생장억제 효과는 친환경농자재 별로 차이를 보였는데, 천연 식물추출물성분인 다이균의 생장억제 효과가 가장 우수하였다. 다이균은 $2,500{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$을 포함한 PDA 배지에서 C. gloeosporioides 04-159를 제외한 병원균의 균사생장을 75% 이상 억제하였다. 키토메이트의 생장억제 효과는 병원균에 따라 큰 차이가 있었는데 $40,000{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$을 함유한 PDA 배지에서 B. cinerea 06-063의 균사생장을 81.1% 억제한 반면에 탄저병균인 C. gloeosporioides 04-159는 6.5% 균사 생장억제율을 보였다. 두 가지 보르도액 제제인 IC-66D와 골드보르도의 생장억제 효과는 흰얼룩 증상의 원인균인 Acremonium sp.을 제외하고 IC-66D가 골드보르도보다 약간 높았다. 바이오스팟은 다이균 다음으로 생장억제 효과가 높았는데 특히 탄저병균인 C. gloeosporioides 04-159에 대해서는 사용한 농자재 중에서 가장 높았다. 키토메이트, 바이오스팟, 골드보르도의 갈색무의병 포자 발아억제율은 같은 농도에서의 균사 생장억제율보다 월등히 높았다. 본 실험은 포도 친환경적병 방제를 위해서는 한 가지 친환경농자재를 사용할 것이 아니라 여러 가지 제제를 다양하게 사용할 것을 제안한다.