• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of lycopene supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, concentration of lipid oxidation products and antioxidant potential in the meat and liver of finishing barrows and gilts. Methods: A total of 40 barrows and 40 gilts were allotted in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 2×5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg/kg). In addition, four storage times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), at 4℃, were added to the model to evaluate the longissimus lumborum muscle. Results: An interaction (p = 0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene×period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. No interactions (p>0.050) were observed for the 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the pork. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (p = 0.001) up to 72 h. Additionally, there was a linear increase (p = 0.001) in the capture of DPPH radicals by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased. No interactions were observed (p>0.05) between the evaluated factors in liver. However, lipid oxidation was reduced by supplementing lycopene in pig diets. The capture of the DPPH radical, resulted increase in the antioxidant power exerted by lycopene in the liver (p = 0.001). The concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and DPPH in the liver were affected by sex (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of lycopene reduced the water loss during thawing and was effective in protecting against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver until 72 hours of storage, and the best results were obtained by supplementing with 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

Objectives : Neuroinflammation is a common pathological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Red ginseng has been known to be good for the immune stimulation in Eastern Asia. Although the immuno-stimulatory activity of red ginseng are already known, the neuro-protective effects of cultivated red ginseng with fermented complex mushroom-cereal mycelium (RGFM) have not been conducted. Thus, in this study, we tried to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of RGFM water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV2 cells. Methods : BV2 cells were pretreated with RGFM 1 h prior to LPS exposure. To determine the neuro-protective effects of RGFM water extract, we measured the expression of inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1𝛽, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-𝛼 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, to find out the regulatory mechanism of RGFM water extract, we assessed the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory 𝜅B𝛼 (I𝜅B𝛼) by western blotting. Results : In our study, treatment of RGFM reduced the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, the secretion of IL-1𝛽 and TNF-𝛼 but not IL-6 was significantly inhibited by RGFM. Furthermore, RGFM water extract inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Conclusions : Taken together, these findings suggest that RGFM water extract has a protective effect on neuroinflammation through inhibition of JNK.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.326-335
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• 2010

Phellinus pini (CY001) 추출물에서의 페놀류성분의 농도는 P. pini (CY001)분획 g 당 GAEs mg으로 나타내었고, P. pini의 EtOAc 분획 (436.5 mg GAEs/g)이 다른 분획에 비해 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 환원력과 같은 항산화 활성을 screening 하기 위해 몇 가지 생화학적 시험이 수행되었고, 그것은 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) 라디칼 소거작용, NBT/XO superoxide system, DCF/AAPH peroxyl radicals 저해능 등이다. 여섯 개의 버섯추출물 분획 중에서 EtOAc 분획이 DPPH, superoxide 라디칼, peroxyl 라디칼 소거작용이 뛰어났고, $IC_{50}$ values는 각각 $11.49\;{\mu}g/ml$, $8.32\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $1.91\;{\mu}g/ml$이었다. P. pini (CY001)의 EtOAc 분획은 중요한 효소적 지질과산화 저해와 cytotoxicity 없이 RAW 264.7 macrophages의 LPS 유도 NO 생성을 효과적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 EtOAc 분획이 HepG2 cell의 타크린 유도 cytotoxicity에서 간 보호 작용을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 P. pini (CY001)가 라디칼 소거작용을 하는 성분을 함유한 천연 항산화제로써의 잠재력을 갖고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2018

Zoospore release and germling growth of endophytic Ulvella ramosa were examined under various temperatures (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) ${\times}$ irradiances (20, 60, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Additional growth experiments were performed at different salinities (15, 25, 35, 45 psu) and daylengths (8, 12, 16 h). Growth of host Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss was estimated under combinations of temperatures (15, 20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$) and irradiances (20, 60, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Endophyte effects on the host growth were tested in the two temperatures (20, $30^{\circ}C$) and irradiances (60, $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Zoospore release was maximal at $20^{\circ}C$ and $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and germlings grew best under $20^{\circ}C$ and $60{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. No salinity effect on the growth of endophytes was found but endophyte growth was maximal under the daylength of 12 h. G. vermiculophylla grew better at higher irradiances but no growth differences were found between temperatures of $15-30^{\circ}C$. The growth of host species was significantly inhibited by endophytes under $20^{\circ}C$ and $60{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, but host G. vermiculophylla grew well in the endophyte inactive culture conditions of $30^{\circ}C$ and $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. In conclusion, endophyte effects on the production of host G. vermiculophylla could be minimized by controlling cultivation depth and harvest period to inhibit endophyte activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2021

To investigate the industrial availability of liquid fermentation (PL-ferment) by Phellinus linteus mycelium as a postbiotics for the inhibition of inflammation, PL-ferment was fractionated into culture supernatant (CS), hot-water extract (HW) from PL-ferment, EtOH-precipitate (CP) fractionated from HW, and the dialysate (DCP) of CP. Compared to the other fractions, DCP which is expected to contain exopolysaccharide (EPS) as the major component, significantly decreased the production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and IL-6 and IL-8 in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. The general component analysis results showed that no significant difference in components was observed between the fractions, whereas sugar composition analysis revealed that DCP had decreased glucose and increased mannose contents compared to the other fractions. This suggests that mannose played an important role in the anti-inflammatory activity of the active fraction, DCP. Molecular weight distribution analysis revealed that DCP was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight material-removed high-molecular-weight polysaccharides of 18-638 kDa, suggesting that EPS originated from P. linteus EPS. In conclusion, our results suggest that the DCP of P. linteus mycelium fermentation using the anti-inflammatory activity could be used industrially as postbiotic material.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, is known to play important roles in modulating both NO and superoxide production during vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, the role of BH4 in functions of vascular smooth muscle cells is not fully known. In this study, we tested the effects of BH4 and dihydrobiopterin (BH2), a BH4 precursor, on migration and proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Cell migration and proliferation were measured using a Boyden chamber and a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, respectively, and these results were confirmed with an ex vivo aortic sprout assay. Cell viability was examined by 2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assays. BH4 and BH2 decreased PDGF-BBinduced cell migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of cell migration and proliferation by BH4 and BH2 was not affected by pretreatment with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NOS inhibitor. Moreover, the sprout outgrowth formation of aortic rings induced by PDGF-BB was inhibited by BH4 and BH2. Cell viability was not inhibited by BH4 and BH2 treatment. The present results suggest that BH4 and BH2 may inhibit PDGF-stimulated RASMC migration and proliferation via the NOS-independent pathway. Therefore, BH4 and its derivative could be useful for the development of a candidate molecule with an NO-independent anti-atherosclerotic function.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

국내 표고버섯은 참나무 톱밥을 주 원료로 한 인공배지를 이용하여 재배하고 있으며, 표고버섯 재배 후 부산물로 발생하는 [수확 후 배지](Spent Mushroom Substrate: SMS)는 약 50,000톤으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 별도의 용도 없이 폐기되고 있는 표고버섯 SMS를 유용 생물자원으로 이용하기 위해, 1회 수확 후 SMS 및 3회 수확 후 SMS의 열수 추출물을 조제하여 이들의 항산화, 항균, 항당뇨, 항응고 및 혈소판 응집저해활성을 평가하였다. 대조구로는 재배용 살균배지 및 표고버섯의 열수 추출물을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 표고버섯 SMS 추출물은 표고버섯 및 살균배지 추출물보다 우수한 DPPH 음이온, ABTS 양이온 nitrite 소거능 및 환원력을 나타내었다. 1회 및 3회 SMS 추출물들은 0.5 mg/disc 농도에서는 사용된 세균 및 진균에 대한 항균력이 나타나지 않았으나, 0.5 mg/ml 농도에서 우수한 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한 thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time 및 혈소판 응집저해 활성 측정 결과, SMS 추출물들은 혈소판 응집에는 미미한 영향을 나타내었으나, 강력한 혈액응고저해 활성을 나타내어 항혈전 조성물로 개발 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 SMS를 폐기 대상이 아닌, 표고버섯 균사체가 대량 배양된 생물자원으로 고려하는 것이 필요함을 제시하며, SMS를 이용한 항산화, 항당뇨, 항혈전 조성물 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2016

전국에서 채취한 사일리지 및 우분 시료로부터 사일리지 첨가제로 사용하기 위한 유산균을 순수 분리하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. MRS 배지에서 성장 속도를 기반으로 16개의 유산균 균주를 순수 분리하였으며 이들은 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase alpha subunit, 60-kDa heat shock protein, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit 유전자 염기서열에 기반하여 Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Weissella 속으로 동정되었다. 16균주 중 L. plantarum과 유전적으로 높은 유사도를 보인 균주들은 MRS 배지와 쌀보리 추출배지에서 가장 빠른 성장 및 pH 저하를 나타냈으며 이용 가능한 당 종류 및 생장 가능한 pH, 온도, 염분범위가 상대적으로 넓었다. 또한 이 균주들은 PCR 검사 결과 바이오제닉 아민 생성을 위한 유전자가 없었으며 그 MRS 배지 배양액은 사일리지 부패균에 대한 저해 효과가 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타나 이 균주들이 우수한 사일리지 첨가제로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 분리된 모든 유산균들의 쌀보리 추출배지 배양액은 사일리지 부패균의 성장에 큰 영향을 미치지 않거나 오히려 촉진시켰으며 선발된 유산균들을 사일리지 제조에 사용하기 위하여 그 원인 구명과 대책마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2018

Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$)의 활성화는 염증을 일으킨다. 이 때, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)가 발현된다. 우리 선행 연구에 의하면 Bacillus licheniformis B1에 의해 제조된 발효대두에 있는 septapeptide (GVAWWMY)가 대식세포에서 iNOS mRNA 발현과 NO 생산을 억제하였다. 본 연구에서 septapeptide의 처리가 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($NF{\kappa}B$ 억제 단백질)의 분해를 억제하여 LPS에 의해 유도되는 $NF{\kappa}B$의 활성화를 억제함을 확인했다. 분자 docking에 의해 septapeptide가 ${\kappa}B$ kinase ${\beta}$ ($IKK{\beta}$)에 부착하여 $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 인산화를 방해할 가능성이 있다. Septapeptide는 높은 친화도로(-8.7 kcal/Mol) $IKK{\beta}$의 kinase domain에 부착해서 kinase 활성에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive or negative effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on the growth of several crops and weeds, by applying a seed soaking treatment, foliar treatment, and application timing, while comparing biological activity between ALA produced by chemical synthesis (Synthetic-ALA) and extracellularly-accumulated ALA by overexpressing the hemeA gene isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum(Bio-ALA). Seed soaking treatment of ALA in barley (five cultivars) and wheat (five cultivars) had not shown positive effects at lower concentrations, 0.05 to 0.5 mM as well as negative effects at higher concentrations, 1 to 30 mM. In rice, there also was no positive effect by seed soaking treatment of ALA at lower concentrations, although the rice became damaged by an application of 5 and 10 mM ALA. Growth in barley cultivars, Ganghossalbori, Naehanssalbori, Songhakbori, Saessalbori, and Daehossalbori were increased up to 14%, 19-51 %, 17-64%, 18-23%, and 22-38% by ALA foliar application at lower concentrations, 0.05 to 0.5 mM, respectively. On the other hand, the growth in barley cultivars was inhibited by ALA foliar application at higher concentrations. Barley responded more positively to ALA foliar application than wheat and rice. The growth stimulation caused by ALA seed soaking treatment was less than by ALA foliar treatment. ALA treatment at the 1.5-leaf stage increased growth of barley by 19-58%, while pretreatment to seeds, post-emergence treatment at 3 days after seeding, 3-leaf stages, and 5-leaf stages had not shown positive effects. Thus, the positive effects of ALA on barley were dependent greatly upon the timing of application and its concentration. Monocots weeds were more sensitive to ALA foliar treatment than dicotyledonous weeds. A monocot weed, Setaria viridis L. was the most susceptible plant to ALA while a dicotyledonous weed, Plantago asiatica L. was the most tolerant. No significant difference in biological activity between bio-ALA and synthetic ALA on barley, wheat, rice, and weed, Ixeris dentate tested was observed. Thus, ALA produced by microorganisms would be a potent substance to be used effectively in agricultural production.