• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2024

Sulfur is one of the inorganic elements used by plants to develop and produce phytoalexin to resist certain diseases. This study reported a method for preparing a material for plant disease resistance. Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) stabilized in the chitosan-Cu²⁺ (CS-Cu²⁺) complex were synthesized by hydrolysis of Na₂S₂O₃ in an acidic medium. The obtained SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex consisting of 0.32% S, 4% CS, and 0.7% Cu (w/v), contained SNPs with an average size of ~28 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy images. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex showed that SNPs had orthorhombic crystal structures. Interaction between SNPs and the CS-Cu²⁺ complex was also investigated by ultraviolet-visible. Results in vitro nematicidal effect of materials against Meloidogyne incognita showed that SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex was more effective in killing second-stage juveniles (J2) nematodes and inhibiting egg hatching than that of CS and CS-Cu²⁺ complex. The values of LC₅₀ in killing J2 nematodes and EC₅₀ in inhibiting egg hatching of SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex were 75 and 51 mg/l, respectively. These values were lower than those of CS and the CS-Cu²⁺ complex. The test results on the nematicidal effect against M. incognita on coffee pots showed that the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex was 100% effective at a concentration of 150 mg/l. Therefore, the SNPs/CS-Cu²⁺ complex could be considered as a biochemical material with potential for agricultural applications to control root-knot nematodes.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

강원도에 자생하는 삼지구엽초와 중국산 삼지구엽초 추출물의 생리활성을 결정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 삼지구엽초의 항산화활성은 국내산이 중국산보다 높게 나타났으며, 추출용매는 증류수와 에탄올 1:1 혼합용매 추출물에서 78%로 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 2. 간암, 폐암, 유방암 세포에 대한 생육억제능은 국내산에서 각각 85, 91, 85%로 나타났으며 이 추출물을 0.4g/L 이하의 농도로 투여 시 정상세포의 생존율은 70% 이상으로 유지되어 세포독성이 낮았으며 국내산이 중국산 보다 면역증진능이 높고 혼합용매 추출물에서 254%의 활성을 나타냈다. 3. 삼지구엽초 추출물들에서는 돌연변이원성이 나타나지 않았고 항돌연변이성은 낮게 나타났다. 4. 간 기능 증진효과는 국내산이 124%의 활성을 보여 중국산보다 높았다. 5. 고혈압 관련인자의 작용에서 국내산이 중국산보다 관련효소(ACE)에 대한 활성억제율이 높았고, 혈당 상승 관련효소 $({\alpha}-glucosidase)$에 대한 활성억제율은 87%였으나 국내산과 중국산 간에는 차이가 없었다. 6. 이러한 결과로 국내산 삼지구엽초는 중국산에 비해 항산화, 항암, 간 기능 증진, 고혈압 억제효과 등의 생리활성이 높아 생약으로서의 활용성이 더욱 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.107-131
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• 2006

Background and Aims: Dansamtongmek-tang (DSTMT) and Dansamsengmek-san (DSSMS) have been used for many years as therapeutic agents for the acute stage of cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Oriental medicine, but the effects of DSTMT and DSSMS on hyperlipidemia and safety for cell damage are not yet well-known. This study was done to investigate the effects of DSTMT and DSSMS on hyperlipidemia. Methods: In vivo test: after administering DSTMT and DSSMS to SHR and ICR occurred hyperlipidemia for 3 weeks, we analyzed body weight, cholesterol levels. TG, HDL-chol, LDL-chol, LDH in plasma, brain, liver and kidney tissue, and DNA by RT-PCR. In vitro test: after administering DSTMT and DSSMS to human hepatocellular carcinoma in hypoxia, we observed cell cohesion by light microscope, analyzed the inflow of Ca2+ by confocal laser scanning microscope and DNA by RT-PCR. Results: DSTMT significantly decreased the levels of triglyceride and increased the levels of HDL-cholesterol in SHR, and significantly decreased the levels of LDL-cholesterol and body weight and increased the levels of HDL-cholesterol in ICR. DSSMS significantly decreased body weight, total cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol, LDH and cardiac risk factor (CRE) in SHR and significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, LDH and CRF in ICR. DSTMT had an effect on protecting cells from damage by inhibiting production of p53 mRNA, and in DSSMS, by inhibiting production of p53 mRNA and p21 mRNA after hypoxia. DSTMT effectively blocked off Ca2+ at low density, but DSSMS effectively blocked off Ca2+ at high density. Both DSTMT and DSSMS had an effect on inhibiting lipid metabolism by blocking off production of apo B mRNA. Conclusions: These results suggest that DSTMT and DSSMS might be usefully applied for treatment of hyperlipidemia and suppression of brain damage.

• 생약학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1981

The results of the comparison among the effects of decoction, extract powder and Gamiyoungsunjetongeum are as follows: In the experiment of analgesic effect in rats, having pain caused by Acetic acid, decoction showed a considerable reduction; extract powder did not show any notability and the effect of added decoction was conspicuous. The Anti-inflammatory effect of decoction was notable during $90{\sim}240minutes$, but extract powder also did not show any notability and added decoction showed a remarkable effect. In the experiment of inhibition on heat denaturation of serum rats, decoction and extract powder showed the inhibiting effects of 18.2%, 17.9% and the added decoction was even more remarkable(28.3%).

• 약학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1979

Benorylate and ethoxybenzamide have been used alone or in combination as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory agent. We investigated the significance of the differences of analgesic activities between single and concurrent administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide and lorazepam in mice and also antipyretic activity between single and concurrent administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide in rats. 1). Concurrent administration of each half dose of benorylate and ethoxybenamide showed much inhibiting effect on the acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome of mice than the above drug alone, and the some increased analgesic response by hot plate method. 2). The synergistic and analgesic effect of combined administration of benorylate and lorazepam was found to be significant. 3). Antipyretic effect of half-dose combined administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide on the rat pyrexia induced by yeast(s.c.) and T.T.G. (i.v.) was shown to be similar to the effect of each drug.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2009

Transforming growth factor-$\beta$ (TGF-$\beta$) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine playing pivotal roles in immune regulation. TGF-$\beta$ facilitates tumor cell survival and metastasis by targeting multiple cellular components. Focusing on its immunosuppressive functions, TGF-$\beta$ antagonists have been employed for cancer treatment to enhance tumor immunity. TGF-$\beta$ antagonists exert anti-tumor effects through #1 activating effector cells such as NK cells and cytotoxic $CD8^+$ Tcells (CTLs), #2 inhibiting regulatory/suppressor cell populations, #3 making tumor cells visible to immune cells, #4 inhibiting the production of tumor growth factors. This review focuses on the effect of TGF-$\beta$ on T cells, which are differentiated into effector T cells or newly identified tumor-supporting T cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and immunomodulatory effects of samryongbakchulsankamibang(SBSK) studies were done experimentally, In cytotoxicity against P388, A549. SK-OV-3, B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2. concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 40% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of SBSK. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I. the $IC_{50}$ was shown $200-400{\mu}g/ml$ of SBSK. The T/C was 154% in SBSK-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice, The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and B16-F10 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $5{\times}10^{-4}$, $1{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml$ of SBSK. In pumonary colonization assay with B16-BL/6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group, In hematological changes in B16-BL/6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and platelet were not changed significantly in SBSK-treated groups, In CAM and in vitro neovascularization assay, angiogenesis was inhibited significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that SBSK could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3829-3833
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• 2016

Inhibition of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Polysaccharide extracted from polygonatum can selectively inhibit the growth of prostate-CAFs (p<0.001) without inhibiting the growth of normal fibroblasts (NAFs). Polysaccharides from polygonatum stimulate autophagy of prostate-CAFs. 3-methyl-adenine(3-MA) is an autophagy inhibitor. 3-MA was added to prostate-CAFs with polysaccharide from polygonatum to determine whether autophagy plays an important role in the restrained effect. Finally, polysaccharide from polygonatum treatment significantly increased the activation of Beclin-1 and LC3, key autophagy proteins. Polysaccharide from polygonatum stimulates autophagy of prostate-CAFs and inhibits prostate-CAF growth, indicating that a novel anti-cancer strategy involves inhibiting the growth of prostate-CAFs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2012

The present study showed that Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}_1$) can induce apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells. This apoptosis was also observed with phosphorylation of Smad2/3 within 0.5-2 h. Afterwards the signal transferred into the nucleus. Moreover, intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was significantly elevated as well as Caspase-3 activated and DNA lysised, thereby inducing the programmed cell death. This signaling pathway of TGF-${\beta}_1$ was blocked by SB-431542 ($10^{-2}{\mu}M$) via inhibiting ALK-5 kinase activity, which thus reversed the anti-proliferation and apoptosis effect of TGF-${\beta}_1$ in mammary epithelial cells. These results indicated that TGF-${\beta}_1$ induced apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells through the ALK-5-Smad2/3 pathway, which plays an important role in inhibiting survival of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ also played a critical role in TGF-${\beta}_1$-induced cell apoptosis.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the KBHT and PMCMT extract on protecting microglia and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and oxidants. Method : The effects of the KBHT and PMCMT extract on cell death of BV2 microglial cell line treated by ${\gamma}$ ; expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) ; AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated, respectively. Result : The KBHT and PMCMT extract significantly increased cell viability in BV2 microglial cell line treated with ${\gamma}$. The KBHT and PMCMT extract suppressed the NO and ROS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The KBHT and PMCMT extract groups also showed inhibition of AChE activity in PC-12 cell line. Conclusion : According to the above result, it is suggested that the KBHT and PMCMT extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer' s disease.