• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.756-761
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• 1999

Lipid peroxidation mediated by hydroxyl radicals which are generated during myocardial ischermia has suggested as a possible mechanism of ischemic myocardial damage. Recently, it has been reported that anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine, a local anesthetic, is attributed to its "membrane-stabilizing" properties through scavenging free radicals, thus, inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase which catalyze the oxidation of many purine, pyrimidine and pteridine derivatives are known as free radical generating systems. In this experiment, we studied the effect of lidocaine and procainamide on the hepatic aldehyde and xanthine oxidase activity and antioxidative activities. It was found that lidocaine and procainamide inhibited both NADPH-dependent and independent lipid peroxidation. Both of tested compounds were found to be ineffective in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. Lidocaine and procainamide, however, inhibited aldehyde oxidase activity in vitro as well as in vivo. Based on the above results, lidocaine and procainamide could be employed as a therapeutic agent for aldehyde oxidaserelated disease.d disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2004

Objectives : To evaluate experimentally the clinical effect of Bojeongjeongcheon-tang, we observed the cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$/TEX>, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-{\alpha},{\;}TGF-{\beta},{\;}IFN-{\gamma}$) and what effect they have on IgE in B cells of a rat. Methods : First of all, we extracted the spleens of healthy Balb/c mice and separated B cells from them. These B cells were cultured with anti-CD40 mAb (500 ng/ml), rmIL-4 (500 U/ml), Bojeongjeongcheon-tang (100 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml, 1 ug/ml). We used rmiL-10 (50 ng/ml) as a control group. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of IgE, CD23, CD69 and the coherence of HRF in B cells using a flow cytometer. We also analyzed the cytokine gene expression in B cells by reverse transcriptase-PCR. We also measured B cells proliferation using the Liquid Scintillation Counter. Results : In this study, the Bojeongjeongcheon-tang treated group showed a tendency to decrease depending on the density compared with the control group in the expression of IgE+, CD23+, CD69, HRF. All of the Bojeongjeongcheon-tang treated group showed inhibitory effects with $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5 and proliferating effects with IL-6, IL-10, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ on cytokines transcript expression depending on the density. Meanwhile, $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased in all density. In IgE production, there was inhibitory effect on Bojeongjeongcheon-tang (both 100 ug/ml and 10 ug/ml) of significance (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Also in B cell proliferation, the result revealed an inhibitory effect of Bojeongjeongcheon-tang (both 100 ug/ml and 10 ug/ml), of significance (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Conclusions : This study shows that Bojeongjeongcheon-tang has an inhibitory effect on the production and activity of B cells. Also it inhibited CD23, IL-4 activity and IgE production and activation. It is obvious that Bojeongjeongcheon-tang treats asthma by inhibiting the production of histamine and HRF, IL-5 and proliferating IL-10. Also Bojeongjeongcheon-tang has some preventive effects on bronchial change by inhibiting $TGF-{\beta}$, which stimulates the bronchial transformation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2007

Objectives : Although the cause of neuronal death of Parkinson's disease remains unclear, increasing evidence points to the role of inflammatory processes. And the hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of microglia. This study was performed to prove the effect of acupuncture on inhibiting microglial activation. Methods : The rat models which were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine were treated with acupuncture once a day on LR3 (太衝) and GB34 (陽陵泉). To prove the effect of inhibiting microglial activation, we examined the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunopositive neurons and CD11b immunohistochemistry in the substantia nigra. Results : There were 18% (third day), 32% (seventh day) loss of TH-positive cell bodies in the control group and 23% (third day), 26% (seventh day) in the acupuncture group, whereas 3% (third day), 10% (seventh day) in vehicle group. The difference of optical density in substantia nigra was evaluated by subtracting log inverse gray value of contralateral side from that of ipsilateral side. With regards to the result of CD11b immunohistochemistry, acupuncture group showed significantly inhibited microglial activation compared with control group (p<0.01) on the seventh day. Conclusions : Acupuncture showed the effect of inhibition of microglial activation in seventh day. However, the effect of protection of TH positive cell bodies was not shown. So we need longer investigation of the effect of acupuncture on Parkinson's disease.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2023

In order to develop better method to enhance and control the flow and heat transfer inside the radiator of electronic device, the synergistic effect of MHD nanofluids and porous medium on the flow and heat transfer in rectangular opened channel is simulated using Lattice Boltzmann method. Three nanofluids of CuO-water, Al₂O₃-water and Fe₃O₄-water are studied to analyze the influence of the type of nanofluid on the synergistic effect. The simulation results show that the porous medium can increase the flow velocity in fluid zone adjacent to the porous medium and enhance the heat transfer on the surface of the channel. Under no magnetic field, when the porosity of porous medium is 0.8, the Nusselt number is 4.46% higher than when the porosity is 0.9. Al₂O₃-water has the best heat transfer effect among the three nanofluids. At Ф=0.06, Ha=100, θ=90°, ε=0.9, Nu of Al₂O₃-water is 6.51% larger than that of CuO-water and 5.05% larger than that of Fe₃O₄-water. Magnetic field enhances seepage in porous medium and inhibits heat transfer in the bottom wall. When Ha=30 and 60, the inhibiting effect is the most significant as the magnetic field angle is 90°. And when Ha=100, the inhibiting effect is the most significant as the magnetic field angle is 120°.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.736-742
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibiting and repairing effects of Bojung-ikki-tang Gamibang(BI-G) on the bone marrow injuries in rats. Bone marrow injury was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide(CP)(150mg/kg). In experiment I, designed for inhibiting effect, extract of BI-G(80mg) was administrated from pre-5 days to post-5 days of CP injection. In experiment II, designed for repairing effect, extract of BI-G(80mg) was administrated after 5 days to 12 days of CP injection. Hematological and histopathological examinations were performed at 5 days after CP injection in experiment I, and at 12 days after CP injection in experiment II. In experiment I, the results were as follows ; RBC(${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(8.39{\pm}0.84)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(7.52{\pm}7.67)$. Hemoglobin(g/dl) of BI-G treated group$(13.76{\pm}1.20)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(12.24{\pm}1.11)$. WBC(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(1.75{\pm}0.41)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(0.55{\pm}0.17)$. Necrotic changes of myeloid cells of BI-G treated group were less severe than those of control group. Histopathologically, distention of sinus and edematous changes of bone marrow of BI-G treated group were alleviated compared with those of control group. In experiment II, the results were as follows ; WBC(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group(4.27 0.94) was increased significantly compared with control group$(3.02{\pm}0.79)$. Hemoglobin(g/dl) of BI-G treated group$(12.61{\pm}0.85)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(11.49{\pm}0.74)$. Platelets(${\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) of BI-G treated group$(1885{\pm}133)$ was increased significantly compared with control group$(1616{\pm}251)$. These results indicated that Bojung-ikki-tang Gamibang has the inhibiting and repairing effects on the cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow injuries in rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.438-447
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect and the underlying mechanism of ethanol extract of Benincasa seeds on a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) established by treating HepG2 cells with palmitate. Methods : We evaluated ethanol extract of Benincasa seeds (EEBS) for its hepatic lipid-lowering potential in fatty acid overloaded HepG2 cells. After incubation in palmitate containing media with or without EEBS, intracellular neutral lipid accumulations were quantified by Nile red staining. We also investigated the effect of EEBS on lipogenesis and ${\beta}$-oxidation. $LXR{\alpha}$-dependent SREBP-1c activation, expression of lipogenic genes, and expression of ${\beta}$-oxidation related genes were determined with or without pretreatment of EEBS. Results : EEBS significantly attenuated palmitate-induced intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. EEBS suppressed fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting $LXR{\alpha}$-dependent SREBP-1c activation. EEBS also repressed SREBP-1c mediated induction of lipogenic genes, including ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. However, EEBS had no effect on ${\beta}$-oxidation related CPT-1 and $PPAR{\alpha}$ gene expression. Conclusions : Our results suggest that EEBS has an efficacy to decrease hepatic lipid accumulation, and this effect was mediated by inhibiting the $LXR{\alpha}$-SREBP-1c pathway that leads to expression of lipogenic genes and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, the Benincasa seeds may have a potential clinical application for treatment of this chronic liver disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main bioactive component in American ginseng, a commonly used herb, and its antitumor activity had been studied in previous studies. PDZ-binding kinase/T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (PBK/TOPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is highly expressed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Methods: We examined the effect of GRh2 on HCT116 cells ex vivo. Next, we performed in vitro binding assay and in vitro kinase assay to search for the target of GRh2. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms for the antitumor effect of GRh2 ex vivo and in vivo. Results: The results of our in vitro studies indicated that GRh2 can directly bind with PBK/TOPK and GRh2 also can directly inhibit PBK/TOPK activity. Ex vivo studies showed that GRh2 significantly induced cell death in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that these compounds inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and (H3) in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. In vivo studies showed GRh2 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors of HCT116 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 and histone H3. Conclusion: The results indicate that GRh2 exerts promising antitumor effect that is specific to human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting the activity of PBK/TOPK.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2004

The deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine(ACh) is responsible for the initiation of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, there is a simple evidence that oxidative stress significantly increases in persons with Parkinson's disease compared to age-matched healthy persons. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the neurodegeneration inhibitory effect of soybean(Glycine Max) and Yak-Kong(Rhynchosia Nolubilis) by measuring the degree of inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catabolizing the ACh and the free radical scavenger effect in vitro. AChE was measured by the minor modified Ellman assay. Free radical scavenging activity was measured using l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). First, the MeOH extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed the AChE inhibiting activity of 62.0$\pm$2.43％ and 65.0$\pm$3.29％ at the 5 mg/$m\ell$ concentration. The 50％ inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$/) of AChE was 1.96 and 1.31 mg/$m\ell$ in the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong. Second, the MeOH extracts of soybean and Yak-Kong showed the free radical scavenger activity of 23.1$\pm$4.26％ and 80.7$\pm$4.61％ at the 5 mg/$m\ell$. IC50 of free radical scavenger activity in Soybean and Yak-Kong was 13.00 and 1.41 mg/$m\ell$ in MeOH extracts and was 5.95 and 2.74 mg/$m\ell$ in hot-water extracts, respectively. In this study, the extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong showed powerful effects in the AChE inhibition and free radical scavenging. The extracts of Soybean and Yak-Kong were expected to prevent the many neurodegenerative diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4369-4376
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• 2015

Background: To investigate in-vitro antagonistic effect of low-dose liquiritigenin on gemcitabine-induced capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signalling pathways. Materials and Methods: Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma Panc-1 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated using low-dose liquiritigenin for 24 h, then added into gemcitabine and incubated for 48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate and ROS levels of Panc-1 cells and HUVECs were respectively detected through methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and flow cytometry. For HUVECs, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transcellular and paracellular leak were measured using transwell assays, then poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and metal matrix proteinase-9 (MMP9) activity were assayed via kits, mRNA expressions of p53 and Rac-1 were determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); The expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and PARP-1 were measured via western blotting. Results: Low-dose liquiritigenin exerted no effect on gemcitabine-induced changes of cell viability, apoptosis rate and ROS levels in Panc-1 cells, but for HUVECs, liquiritigenin ($3{\mu}M$) could remarkably elevate gemcitabine-induced decrease of cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), pro-MMP9 level and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (p<0.01). Meanwhile, it could also significantly decrease gemcitabine-induced increase of transcellular and paracellular leak, ROS level, PARP-1 activity, Act-MMP9 level, mRNA expressions of p53 and Rac-1, expression of PARP-1 and apoptosis rate (p<0.01). Conclusions: Low-dose liquiritigenin exerts an antagonistic effect on gemcitabine-induced leak across HUVECs via inhibiting ROS-mediated signalling pathways, but without affecting gemcitabine-induced Panc-1 cell apoptosis. Therefore, low-dose liquiritigenin might be beneficial to prevent the occurrence of gemcitabine-induced CLS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

In order to study the effect of mordanting on silk fabrics treated with tannin, those fabrics were treated with Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Sn by pre and post mordanting. It was studied about color change, weighting effect, dgree of photodegradation by pre and post mordanting. The results are as fallows ; 1. On the addition of mordants into mimosa and tannic acid solution, &{\lambda}_{max}& of the former was slightly blue-shifted, on the other hand, &{\lambda}_{max}& of the latter was obviously Red-shifted. 2. In case of Cu, Cr, Pre mordanting, weighting effect were appeared. Weighting effect of silk fabrics treated with Tannic acid increased higher than mimosa by mordanting. 3. In color change, Silk fabrics treated with Mimosa and Tannic acid generally changed to red direction and fabrics treated with tannic acid changed to yellow direction by pre and post mordanting. 4. In the photodegradation, the degree of photodegradation on mordanted fabrics increased. Its degree was slack in Cu, Cr, Post mordanting. On the other hand, Al, Fe, Sn were greate. Silk fabrics treated with Mimosa and Tannic acid got inhibiting effect on photodegradation.