• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

This survey is focused on analyzing amenity resources for the purpose of offering basic sources for balanced development and the activation of sightseeing in Anmyen-island which has superior landscape resources and the result follows as this. 1. As a result of selecting "Amenities characterized in isles" and comparing their applications in order to choose amenity resource surveying method which is suitable for the isle districts where beaches, tidelands, fishing villages and so on are formed, it was considered that the surveying method of the rural amenity resource in the Korean Society of Rural Planning could be properly used. 2. In spite of a variety of amenity resources besides ten beaches, Anmyeon-island has been developed only focused on beaches. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop new sightseeing courses which connect beaches with adjacent amenity resources such as theme programs. 3. It proved that compared with Anmyeoneup, Gonammyeon has superior landscape resources and higher special product rates, which is caused by the fact that it doesn't have various kinds of amenities. As diverse fish inhabit the sea and tidelands in Gonammyeon, it is beneficial for activating sightseeing tours to develop fishing village experiencing programs including going fishing. 4. Anmyen-island can be divided into East district and West distict by the national road no,77 and two districts have different distributional features of sightseeing amenity resources. In the west district, amenity resources such as coastal sightseeing routes, large event halls, and resorts have been activated in addition to fourteen beaches which have already been developed while the amenity resources in the east like fishing villages, tidelands, and salt fields have not been activated. Accordingly, for activating balanced sightseeing development in Amyeon-island, it is required to make plans which can incorporate the east amenity resources of sea sightseeing and the west amenity resources of fishing village experiencing programs. As a way, constructing sightseeing routes connecting the west and the east district or making a detour lane connecting beaches in the west, Anmyeon pine trees in the center, and fishing villages in the east.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2015

This study was conducted in an effort to identify the fluctuation of species according to space and time by collecting information on samples of Korean Sphingid moths housed in Korea. The number of Sphingidae moth species housed in Korea was found to be 53. As 48 species and 47 species were found in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gangwon-do, respectively, relatively diverse species were considered to be distributed in these areas. Comparatively, in Jeollabuk-do only 36 species were found, whereas in Chungcheongbuk-do and Jeju Island 39 species were found. The number of individual Sphingid moths surveyed in Korea was 21,414. With regard to the number of individuals per species, Ampelophaga rubiginosa was highest, at 2,483, followed by Theretra japonica (1,716), Callambulyx tatarinovii (1,457), Acosmeryx naga (1,340), Rhagastis mongoliana (1,191), Marumba sperchius (1,083), and Dolbina tancrei (1,072). By region, the largest number of individuals was surveyed in Gyeongsangnam-do (4,595), followed in order by Gangwon-do (3,648 individuals), Gyeonggi-do (3,011), Jeollanam-do (2,454), and Jeju Island (2,382). Over time, the highest numbers-in this case 9,498 individuals in 52 species-were identified after 2000. In the 1990s, there were 6,027 of 49 species identified; in 1980s, 4,332 individuals of 49 species were identified; and, in the 1970s, 937 individuals of 45 species were identified. It was confirmed that more species and individuals were identified as time passed. The appearance of Sphingid moths by month was found to be as relatively diverse, as they appeared from February to November. Overall, southern species, including M. saishiuana, Cephonodes hylas, Acosmeryx castanea, T. nessus, and T. clotho, which mainly inhabit Jeju Island and the southern part of Korea, have increased over time from the past to the present. Species inhabiting the middle or northern parts of the Korean Peninsula or the entire country of Korea, including Sphingulus mus, Ambulyx schauffelbergeri, and Mimas christophi, show decreases over time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.317-331
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• 1989

Chaenogobius laevis inhabit brackish waters. Adult male protects egg mass laid under the stones. The egg with small oil globule varied from 3.40 to 4.04 mm in diameter. When water temperature is $22.0\~23.0^{\circ}C$, larvae hatched about 113 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae reared for 33 days grow up to 12.10 mm in total length and developed to the jevenile. When larvae length attained about 8.0 mm, jaw bones were more rapidly ossified than vertebrae and cranium.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.561-569
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• 2012

This study estimates landscape indices of the Gyeongan-stream watershed from 1975 to 2000 by classifying the land cover into impervious cover and pervious cover depending on its state using a landscape analysis program. For the indicator of biodiversity this study uses Total Core Area(TCA) among landscape indices. The estimated TCA is then used along with an Impervious Cover Model(ICM) to compare the number of fish species that appear in the Gyeongan-stream watershed. In the relations between TCA and the impervious cover ratio, it has been found that as the impervious cover ratio increases, TCA decreases accordingly. It shows that as the ratio of impervious cover in the landscape increases due to urbanization and development, the critical area that individual species need for isolation from outside has decreased. Also, the monitoring of the number of fish species that appear in the Gyeongan-stream watershed shows that in the areas with low impervious cover ratio there are more fish species appearing that inhabit in clean, uncontaminated water. It has been identified that the Gyeongan-stream watershed falls into the category of Impacted Stream and that its state is worsening, and since the watershed in this area responds to the impervious cover ratio very sensitively, its fish diversity it is required to improve the state of the basin through its proper and careful management.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to simultaneously detect and identify specific genus of Lactobacillus distributed in vagina of healthy women in their twenties by using multiplex primer. Vaginal fluid samples were taken from 166 women who were healthy and did not have vaginosis symptoms caused by bacterial infection. Six species of lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus genus that are known to inhabit in healthy vagina were selected to make a species-specific multiplex primer. Multiplex primer I was specified to selectively detect L. iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri and multiplex primer II was specified to selectively detect L. acidophilus, L. jensenii, L. fermentum. L. crispatus (77%) was most frequently detected, and L. acidophilus (57%) and L. jensenii (57%) were relatively higher than others. Although the proportion of L. iners (59%) was a little higher than those of L. acidophilus and L. jensenii, this should be further validated in healthy women's vagina to be sure since they often appear in women having bacterial vaginosis and/or during the antibiotic therapy. Conclusively, the multiplex PCR technique using the species-specific primer could a useful tool to predict variation of vaginal health condition and process of recovery from vaginal disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2009

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are chemolithoautotrophs that play a key role in nitrogen removal from advanced wastewater treatment processes. Various AOB species inhabit and their community compositions vary over time in the wastewater treatment bioreactors. In this study, a hypothesis that operational and environmental conditions affect both the community compositions and the diversity of AOB in the bioreactors was proposed. To verify the hypothesis, the clone libraries based on ammonia monooxygenase subunit A were constructed using activated sludge samples from aerobic bioreactors at the Pohang, the Palo Alto, the Nine Springs, and the Marshall wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In those bioreactors, AOB within the Nitrosomonas europaea, N. oligotropha, N.-like, and Nitrosospira lineages were commonly found, while AOB within the N. communis, N. marina, and N. cryotolerans lineages were rarely detected in the samples. The AOB community structures were different in the bioreactors: AOB within the N. oligotropha lineage were the major microorganisms in the Pohang, the Palo Alto, and the Marshall WWTPs, while AOB within the N. europaea lineage were dominant in the Nine Springs WWTP. The correlations between the AOB community compositions of the wastewater treatment bioreactors and their operational (HRT, SRT, and MLSS) and environmental conditions (temperature, pH, COD, $NH_3$, and $NO_3{^-}$) were evaluated using a multivariate statistical analysis called the Redundancy Analysis (RDA). As a result, COD and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations in the bioreactors were the statistically significant variables influencing the AOB community structures in the wastewater treatment bioreactors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Water flea is a widely used test species in the aquatic ecotoxicity test. In Korea, D. magna is currently used as a standard test species, however that do not inhabit in the Korean aquatic ecosystem. In this study, Daphnia galeata, which is a dominant species in the Korean aquatic ecosystem, was collected from domestic lake and investigated to suggest the D. galeata for ecotoxicity assessment in Korea. We investigated the characteristics, life span, and toxicity sensitivity compared with D. magna. The life span test of D. galeata was performed in this study, and then the results were compared to the sensitivity with D. magna to confirm the applicability for ecotoxicity assessment. The 48h-L(E)C50 values for seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn) of D. galeata and D. magna were collected and analyzed. As a results, shorter lifetime, less reproduction, smaller body size of D. galeata were observed compared with D. magna. D. galeata was similar or more sensitive than D. magna for seven heavy metals. Therefore, we propose that D. galeata is a suitable test species for ecotoxicity testing in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 1997

To know of the biological basic method that can improve the environment of the organisms that inhabit at Deokjin Park. We studied the flora and the fauna in Deokjin Park on June, 1996. The study was surveyed and researched according to the items floras, phytoplanktons, insects and vertebrates. The floras are composed of eleven varieties, one forma, eighty-three species, eighty-four genera and forty-nine families. In the lake of Deokjin Park, the dominant species were Nelembo nucifera and Spirodela polyrhiza. The authors thought that those species be artificially excluded in winter for the improvement of the quality of water. The phytoplanktons were composed of forty genera, eighteen families, ten orders and six classes. Among those, Anacystis(=Microcystis) and Anabaena that make eutrophication, were distributed in the lake of Deokjin Park. The fauna of insects were composed of forty-one species, thirty families and eleven orders. The authors observed seven species of fish, two species of amphibian, three species of reptile, seven species of the bird and one species of mammal. Among those, Bull-frog and Blue-turtle as exotic species must be excluded by artificial methods for the other native organisms of the lake of Deokjin Park.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2007

Pear psylla, Caccopsylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae), is a serious insect pest in pear orchards. C. pyricola overwinters as adults under rough bark scales of pear trees. When the weather warms up in the spring, the overwintered adults become active, climb up to the tree branches, and inhabit on fruit twigs to lay eggs. This study was conducted to develop a forecasting model for the onset of upward-movement of overwintered C. pyricola adults to control them by timely spraying of petroleum oil. The adult population densities were observed under rough barks (B) and on fruit twigs (T) of pear trees. Relative upward-movement rates (R) were calculated as T/(B+T). Low threshold temperatures for the activation of overwintered C. pyricola adults were selected arbitrarily from 5 to $9^{\circ}C$ at a $1^{\circ}C$ interval. Then, the days (D) when daily maximum air temperatures were above each low threshold temperature were counted from 1 February until to the dates with R $\geq$ 0.8. The same methods were applied for the prediction of the first observation of eggs. The variation of coefficients (CV) for the mean Des were lowest with the low threshold temperature of $6^{\circ}C$. At this selected threshold temperature, the upward movement of C. pyricola adults occurred with 12 D and they started laying eggs with 25 D. In the field validation, the model outputs with the $6^{\circ}C$ threshold temperature reasonably well explained the observed data in Suwon and Cheonan in 2002. Practical usages of the model were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2 s.107
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• pp.227-235
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• 2004

Fish fauna and community structure were surveyed in the Nakdong River, Gumi City, Kyeongpook province from April 2001 to July 2002. During the surveyed Period, 39 species, 32 genera belonging to 10 families were collected. Cyprinid fish occupied 64.1% (25 species) and cobitid fish had 7.7% (3 species). Fourteen species(35.9%) of observed species were known as endemic species. The exotic fish was Micropterus salmoides (2.5%) . The dominant species were Zacco platypus (relative abundance: 36.7%) and Opsariichthys uncirorstris amurensis (22.7%). Carassius aurafus and Microphysogobio rapidus were numerous (4.0${\sim}$4.3%). The rare species comprising less than 0.15% were Acheilognathus koreensis, Aphyocypris chinensis, Iksookimia longicorpus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Rhinogobius giurinus, Sarcocheilichthys variagatus wakiyae, Silurus asotus astus, and Channa argus. It was found that the population density of carnivorous Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis increased drastically in the mid-reach of the Nakdong river since it had been introduced from the other native rivers in the middle 1990s. Gobiobotia nakdongensis inhabit riffle (water velocity : 0.43${\sim}$0.67 m $s^{-1}$) of which the river bed is mainly sand. This species is considered to be in need of conservation. As the result of analyzing fish community in the surveyed area, the species diversity, evenness and dominant indices were 1.008, 0.663 and 0.196 respectively. The findings showed that the tributary, which the waterside plants were abundant and had various habitats, had a higher species diversity (1.112) than the main river (0.787). Sand mining had been disturbing the river ecosystem of the study stations 3, 11, 13 & 14, and these stations showed a quite low species diversity (0.421 ${\sim}$0.574).