• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Among the 13 species of otters in the world, only one Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is found in South Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, otter pelts were historically valuable and expensive commodities used for international trade, and otters have long been poached as hunting animals. Recent rapid economic development in South Korea has increased habitat fragmentation and loss, creating a continuing threat to the natural environment. Otters live only in the area of rivers and streams as a family group and are territorial (linear habitat). Due to these limited conditions of otter habitat, the population size of otter is lower than that of onshore mammals. According to recent research, DNA analyses using microsatellite markers have shown that only approximately 7-21 otter individuals inhabit river systems for a length of 50-230 km. Korea's urban streams are associated with many threats that hinder otters from inhabiting them. Many areas around the urban streams are surrounded by high concrete riverbanks, and the risk of roadkill is also high. Nevertheless, ecological restoration projects in the urban rivers will contribute greatly to the stable inhabitation of otters. Detailed otter conservation strategies, such as the elimination of threat factors, improvement of habitat environment, and restoration of food resources and shelter, will provide a positive restoration effect on otter and river ecosystems as well.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Perennial stipitate kelps are globally distributed and individual species can inhabit broad latitudinal ranges, expressing notably longevous persistence. Despite the foundational role kelps provide to their communities, little is known about the variability in persistence of the stipitate kelps at local spatial scales. We studied the population persistence of Eisenia arborea, a heat- and wave force-tolerant perennial stipitate kelp with a distributional range extending from British Columbia to south of the range limit of all other northeast Pacific kelps, in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Persistence characteristics for E. arborea among sites were compared and used to test the hypothesis that stand persistence varied at local spatial scales around Isla Natividad, a Pacific island off the Baja California peninsula with documented spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity. Collected individuals around the island were "aged" using the previously validated age estimation technique of counting annual cortical dark rings. After detecting no significant differences among sites in the covariation between estimated ages for collected individuals and stipe length, we utilized in-situ population-level stipe length measurements to more rapidly predict age structures within six stands around the island. Predicted age structures, and associated stand densities, revealed persistence characteristics and density varied at local scales and a strong positive relationship existed between stand density and stand mean and maximum ages. We speculate that stands responded differently to deterministic influences (e.g., the 2014-2016 marine heatwave and / or competition with Macrocystis) resulting in heterogenous local persistence of this foundation species.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2022

Monitoring and assessing aquatic ecosystems using the behavior of organisms is essential for sustainable ecosystem management. Oligochaetes, which inhabit various freshwater ecosystems, are frequently used to evaluate the environmental conditions of freshwater ecosystems. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) is tolerant to organic pollution and has been used to evaluate the toxicity of toxicants, including heavy metals. We studied the behavioral responses of T. tubifex to three different copper concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L^-1). The specimens were exposed to copper in an observation cage containing 150 mL of dechlorinated water. Movement behavior (diameter, speed, acceleration, meander, and turning rate) was continuously observed for two hours before and after the copper treatments. After the treatments, the diameter shrank and showed rapid twisting movement under all the copper conditions. The turning rate had a positive correlation with meander and acceleration both before and after treatment at all three concentrations, whereas speed and meander had a negative correlation. Length and turning rate also showed a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient between speed and acceleration in the highest copper concentration changed from positive before treatment (r=0.64) to negative (r= -0.52) after treatment. Our results present the possibility of using behavioral parameters to detect copper contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.235-247
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• 2024

A total of 64 individuals of Acanthogobius flavimanus, which inhabit the coast of Korea, were collected from 8 regions from July to August 2023. A haplotype network and a phylogenetic tree were created. The genomic DNA of the target fish species was compared and analyzed with the genomic DNA of four regions in Japan downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). In the haplotype network of Acanthogoboius flavimanus, Eocheong-do (EC) and Goseong (MAJ) exhibited low genetic similarity with other regions in Korea and Japan. The Phylogenetic tree showed that the population of MAJ exhibited differences in genetic structure compared to populations in other regions of Korea and Japan, indicating a distant relationship. Most marine organisms are known to migrate and spread via ocean currents, which is the most crucial factor promoting gene flow through larvae between populations. The haplotype of Acanthogobius flavimanus in MAJ differs from the haplotypes in Korea and Japan. The population in MAJ is believed to have limited genetic exchange due to the North Korea Cold Currents. We identified haplotype patterns based on the geographical distribution of Acanthogobius flavimanus off the coast of Korea and inferred that ocean currents have some influence on genetic distances.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2024

Larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) are a group of marine organisms that inhabit oligotrophic subtropicaltropical photic zones, commonly possess relatively large shells (i.e., tests) with a complex internal structure and host photosynthetic endosymbionts. In this study, we provide a new report of a LBF species belonging to the genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839, with a brief description and images of the test. The sediment samples were collected by SCUBA diving from the east coast of Jeju Island (South Korea). The discoidal test shape and annular series of chamberlets with a single row of apertures surrounded by rim indicate that these specimens belong to the genus Sorites, and this is the first record of the genus in Korea. The arrangement of early chamberlets, septular disposition, and the aperture details suggest that the specimens can be assigned to Sorites orbiculus(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775). Only three LBF species, including the present species, have been reported from Korean waters. The present study provides additional information for the evaluation of foraminiferal diversity including LBF in Korea and suggests the necessity of continuous investigations to understand the diversity of Sorites species in Korea.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.41-52
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• 2001

The wooden building is mainly damaged by the termite which have an effect of the structure by making emptied inner part of wood. One class, Japanese termite, inhabits throughout Korea and is often detected. So the deterioration by termite attacking the wooden building needs to be controlled. Termites are over 2,800 species in the world, usually they inhabit in the tropical or subtropical region and don’t over winter in dormant condition. So their activity and distribution are chiefly restricted by temperature and humidity. The termite inhabiting in Korea is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, which known to have an optimal temperature range at $12~30^{\circ}C$ and minimum temperature at $6^{\circ}C$ for activation. These temperatures correspond to the mean temperature($5.6^{\circ}C$~$25.8^{\circ}C$) from March to November and the activity time of termitein Seoul. In addition, as a result of environmental pollution by industrial development, the climate of Korea is getting warm. The increase of mean temperature in Korea has been $1.1^{\circ}C$ for the past seventy five years, so it is expected that the damage of wooden building by termite will increase gradually. Therefore, in order to protect wooden building from damages by termite, it needs not only development of new pest control methods, but also studies on the control of environmental factors having an effect on the activity and growth of termite. For the conservation of the large cultural properties such as the wooden building in the open air, it would be effective to use the methods of fumigation, insecticidal and antiseptic chemical treatment of wood materials, soil termiticideinjection treatment, and termite colony elimination system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2007

This study researched the number of individuals of Roe deer (Capreolus pygarus tianschanicus Satunin), which inhabit Mt. Halla (Hallasan) National Park and its neighboring areas ranging about $270km^2$ areas. The research was done from November(late fall), 1998 to March(early spring), 2001, and additional research was carried out from November 2006 to January 2007. As a result of this, we identified a total of 1,444 deer, and found out the fact that there lived 5.33 deer per $km^2$. By region, we identified a maximum of 270 deer at Donnaeko hiking path and a minimum of 12 deer at the adjacent areas to the second Sanrok-road. The frequency of Roe deer group sighting was higher at the edge of Hallasan National Park than any other surveyed region. Thus, it is estimated that the distribution of Roe deer of Hallasan is more influenced by the quantity and quality of food than human-made interference during wintry season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.110-120
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• 2009

The hipped roof on the research building, which was constructed 51.9m above sea level on a hillock by Korea National University of Education in June 1999, is composed of four inclined planes which are 12m in breadth, 8m in length and have a 30 degree gradient. For the roof vegetation, the yellow earth collected from around the building was laid on top. It was designed to supply the soil on the slope with water for a considerable period by making rainfall pool at the edges. In order to prevent the soil on the slope from being swept away, 31 sorts of grass seeds were imported from Germany and sown in the soil. At the present day, 10 years after the seeds began to sprout and inhabit the settled slope, 30 individual plant species were identified in the period between April 2008 and March 2009. Out of 31 species were seeded on the slanted, soiled roof, only 8 were still alive. It was confirmed that the Artemisia Princeps var, Chrysantheum, Prunella Vulgaris and Lespedeza Cuneata have been the major species inhabiting the east, west, south and north inclined planes respectively. The Phragmites Communis was inhabiting the edge of the roof where the water supply was adequate, while the Dianthus Barbatus was primarily inhabiting the south-east side of the roof. As a whole, 26 identifiable plants and 4 unidentified plants were observed on the inclined planes of the hipped roof. In consideration of the plant distribution on the slope, it was confirmed that the selection of seeds may have had an effect on the slope vegetation. As for the yellow earth laid on the roof, it was discovered that about 2~3cm thickness around the ridge was swept away, but the rest of the slope was in relatively good condition. Accordingly, it has been proven that vegetations can be applied to hipped roofs by using ordinary plants without any special structural measures.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1986

Since the middle of the 70s, the countries with the marine resources declared the exclusive water zone of two hundred miles. As a result, our country lacked many foreign fishing grounds. This awakened our perception of fishing grounds. The fishing ground is an important factor in the economical effectiveness of fisheries. The fishing ground must have the following basic conditions. 1. It must be the place the fishery resources inhabit and wander. 2. Their catching or aquaculturing must be possible by the technical methods. 3. It must have economic worth in the management. The fishing ground that achieves the above basic conditions is affected by the following factors. This is the factor of the fishing ground location. A. Natural factor 1). Suitable climate 2).Abundant resources 3). Good quality of the sea-bottom 4). Not to be pollutted area B, Economic factor 1). Be adjacent to fishing port and fisheries market 2). Good working conditions 3). Be abundant of economical resources C. Social factor 1). Be possible to work legally 2). Be permitted in the political relations 3). Be acquainted with the customs of foreign countries The fishing ground location is mainly affected by the natural factor of the above factors. The abundance of resources depends on the natural resources. The resources in the fishing ground have the cycle of developing period, maturing period, and decaying period according to the fishing efforts. The point that we sustainably yield the maximum of fishery resources is the changing point of maturing period and decaying period. We call this point MSY, so the resources of fishing ground should be managed by the MSY. Therefore, when we select the fishing ground location. We should judge the natural factor, the economic factor and the social factor synthetically according to the situation and environment, so we can achieve the efficient management.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.54-62
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• 2011

At present, about 1.6 million bio-species have been discovered in the world. Approximately 30 thousand indigenes have been recorded in Korea and about fifteen thousand species of biology inhabit in Korea national park. Korea national park where has been lived 133 species at 60 percent of endangered species is a very important wildlife protection area. The construction of database about substantive distribution and habitat of wildlife is urgently needed to protect and manage endangered species. In this study, main habitats about animals were registered using GIS program in Jirisan National Park and 3 dimensional habitat map was produced. Also, new plan was suggested to preserve and manage animals in national parks by producing 3 dimensional habitat map. The habitat map was produced using coordinate file of animals, polygon file about boundary of national park, and ASTER GDEM. New conceptional animal habitat map will be used by means of the valuable information when the plans for preservation/management and habitat protection about animals are designed.