• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2023

The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine increases concerns around the world. Russian President Vladimir Putin attacked Ukraine, with a clear aim to protect ethnic Russians from Ukraine, and further to keep Ukraine from joining NATO. However, as the war takes longer than expected, Russia is getting more isolated from the world. Given this, we analyzed editorials from the New York Times by paying attention to the newspaper's viewpoint or ideological stance to the war, under van Dijk (1998)'s ideological square within the framework of critical discourse analysis. The analysis results are as follows: first, Ukraine, the United States and the Europe were designated as the ingroup, whereas Putin was as its outgroup; second, the editorials used negative words for their outgroup presentation, highlighting the outgroup's bad properties, while the positive words for their ingroup presentations were rarely used, indicating that the editorials reinforce outgroup exclusion only; third, it was only Russian President Vladimir Putin who was in their outgroup, while Russians were depicted as scapegoats to satisfy the pleasures of the maniacal Putin. Thus, it can be concluded that with the strategy of negative exclusion, the editorials clearly show their negative ideology towards the war by using negative words for the outgroup almost six times as often as positive words for the ingroup.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

Although humans exist as Homo Empathicus, human society is actually constantly divided and conflicted between groups. The human empathy response is very sensitive to the justice of others, and depending on the level of others' justice, they may feel empathy or schadenfreude to the suffering of them. However, our empathy to others' suffering are not always fair, and have inherent limitations of ingroup-biased empathy. Depending on whether the suffering other persons belongs to an ingroup or an outgroup, we may feel biased empathy or biased schadenfreude to them without even realizing it. Recent advances in information and communication technology facilitate biased access to ingroup-related SNS or ingroup media, thereby deepening the establishment of a more biased semantic information network related groups. These processes, through interacting with the inherent limitation of empathy, can form a vicious cycle of more biased ingroup empathy and ingroup-related activities, and accelerate divisions and conflicts. This research investigated the properties and limitations of empathy by reviewing studies on the neural mechanism of empathy. By examining the relationship between empathy and justice from a neuroscientific point of view, this research tried to illuminate the modern society of division and conflict in a different dimension from the classical perspective of social science.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.257-266
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• 2020

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of attitude similarity and ingroup/outgroup membership on interpersonal attraction. 2(Attitude similarity: Similar/Dissimilar) × 2(Group membership: Ingroup/Outgroup) between-subject design was used. The results revealed the significant main effect of attitude similarity. That is, participants preferred a person who had similar attitude with him/herself compared to the person who had dissimilar attitude. Furthermore, the significant 2-way interaction effect revealed that attitude similarity produced greater attraction for ingroup than for outgroup members and attitude dissimilarity produced stronger repulsion effects for ingroup than for outgroup members. These results could contribute to workplaces and organizations by suggesting that considering attitude similarity between team members could be a way to improve organizational productivity. The necessity for expanding these results to research on work-team performance and improvement of organizational productivity was discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.755-770
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• 2020

As the postsecondary school-age population continues to decline, universities are building identities to differentiate themselves and create a favorable impression among this cohort. We investigated the role of logo-bearing products as a way of promoting university identity, specifically, the effects of ingroup ties, ingroup affect, and centrality on attitude toward university logo products and purchase intention. This study further examined the moderating effects of perceived university prestige on the relationship between logo product attitude and in-store purchase intention, and the moderating effect of online shopping frequency on the relationship between logo product attitude and online purchase intention. We conducted a survey of undergraduate and graduate students at a university in Seoul. Survey responses (N=561) were collected and processed using SPSS 23.0. Multiple regression analysis showed that ingroup ties and affect had significant effects on product attitude. However, centrality had no significant effect on attitude toward the product. Product attitude had a direct significant effect on both in-store and online purchase intention. Perceived university prestige moderated the relationship between product attitude and in-store purchase intention. Moreover, online shopping frequency moderated the relationship between product attitude and online purchase intention. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental knowledge for developing product strategy of logo products.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.557-585
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• 2017

In this research, it was examined whether predicting the ripple effects of events influences decision-making difficulty. In addition, it was examined whether perceived accountability for decision-making results mediates the relation above. In Study 1, participants were presented with policy decision-making vignettes and were asked to report on the ripple effects of their policy decisions as well as on the difficulty of making the decision. Consistent with the hypothesis, the bigger the expected ripple effects, the greater difficulty participants felt in making policy decisions. In Study 2, ripple effect magnitudes were experimentally manipulated such that participants were led to predict big ripple effects in one condition and relatively small ripple effects in another condition. It was investigated whether participants predicting bigger ripple effects would perceive decision-making to be more difficult than participants predicting smaller ripple effects. Whether this relation would be mediated by perceived personal accountability for the results of decision-making was also examined. Consistent with expectations, it was found that in the moral domains of Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, and Ingroup/loyalty, participants predicting bigger ripple effects reported more difficult decision-making than their counterparts. The relation above was mediated by perceived personal accountability for decision-making results only in the domain of Ingroup/loyalty. In combination, these results showed that bigger predicted ripple effects contributed to greater decision-making difficulty. In addition, participants felt more responsible for the results of their decisions when predicting bigger ripple effects, which led them to feel greater decision-making difficulty in the domain of Ingroup/loyalty. The implications of these results and future directions for research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-99
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• 2019

Apologies are used with increasing frequency for mending damaged relations between groups after intergroup conflict. Past research revealed that members of a perpetrator group may engage in (animalistic) dehumanization of victim group members to cope with guilt and responsibility associated with the ingroup's past wrongdoing. We hypothesized that ingroup's apology would relieve perpetrator group members of the moral threat, and therefore would make them perceive more humanness in the victim group members. The study was conducted in the context of South Korea's alleged atrocities against Vietnamese civilians during its military involvement in the Vietnam War. Korean participants read an article on the incidents with Korean government's issuance of an official apology manipulated, and reported their thoughts on the incidents and perceptions of Vietnamese people including their humanness. Contrary to our prediction, apology further enhanced dehumanization of Vietnamese people, even while it also decreased dehumanization through heightened feelings of relief. This study documents a seemingly ironic effect of intergroup apology, and calls for a more careful examination of the consequences of apology before recommending it as a viable strategy for alleviating intergroup tensions.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-119
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• 2005

This study examines the perception and trust of Korean society and people among students and adults using the indigenous psychological analysis. A matched sample of 1,107 participants, consisting of 369 students, their mothers and their fathers completed a questionnaire developed by the present researchers. The results indicate that parents more likely than adolescents to hold negative views of Korean society. Adults are more likely than adolescents to view Korean society as showing high ingroup favoritism, to be insecure, to be conservative, to be corrupt, and to have social inequities. Both groups agree that Korean society is not rational nor democratic, but believe that it has the potential for progress. Second, parents are more likely to hold negative views about Korean people. Adults are more likely than adolescents of viewing Korean people as overly conscious about social face, emotional, selfish, exclusionary, and conceited. Both adolescents and their parents agree that Koreans are cooperative, full of jung (deep affection and attachment), and sincere. Third, adults are less likely to trust Korean institutions than adolescents. Adults are less likely than adolescents to trust National Assembly, political parties, and unions. Adolescents are more likely than their parents to trust family members, school friends, teachers, and government employees. These results indicate that adolescents have higher trust of Korean society and people than their parents. Fifth, the overall results indicate that both group perceive Korean society as showing high ingroup favoritism and corruption. In terms of Korean people, respondents had a more balanced view of perceiving them as highly sensitive to social face and being emotional, while also perceiving them as cooperative and full of jung. The trust of Korean institutions were generally low, especially the National Assembly and political parties. However, the trust of family was very high, followed by trust of school friends and teachers. The trust of government employees was low and this was especially the case for politicians.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-96
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• 2015

Do cultural differences affect moral decisions? Two studies were conducted to investigate whether attitudes of individualism vs. collectivism have an impact on ethical decision making. Study 1 (N=92) showed that utilitarianism was preferred in a situation, in which an intervention resulted in the best outcome (i.e., saving more people's lives), while deontology was preferred in a situation, in which the focus was on negative consequences of the intervention (i.e. personal sacrifices). Additionally, there were differences between the idiocentrics and the allocentrics groups regarding morality aspects. In the idiocentrics group, harm and fairness were regarded as more important than other moral aspects, while in the allocentrics group, not only harm and fairness, but also ingroup and authority were perceived as critical moral aspects. In Study 2 (N=30), after lexical decision tasks were conducted for culture priming, the mouse tracking method was used to explore response dynamics of moral decision processes, while judging appropriateness of interventions in moral dilemmas. In Study 2, in a condition, in which the small number of victims were focused upon, there were more maximal deviations and higher X_flips in the individualism priming group than in the collectivism priming group, which showed that the participants in the individualism condition had more deliberative processes before choosing their answers between utilitarianism and deontology. In addition, the participants in the individualism priming condition showed more maximal deviations in the mouse trajectories regarding ingroup related interventions in moral dilemmas than those in the collectivism priming condition. These results implicated the possibilities that the automatic emotional process and the controlled deliberative process in moral decision making might interact with cultural dispositions of the individuals and the focus of situations.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.spc
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• pp.21-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of trust in Korean culture using the indigenous psychological analysis. First, this paper raises central questions that arise in Korean families, schools, companies and society: 1) Why are some Korean families disintegrating? 2) What core values do Korean schools teach? 3) What are the goals that Korean companies pursue? 4) Does trust exist in Korean society? Second, this paper reviews a series of empirical studies conducted using the indigenous psychology approach. The results indicate the following three major themes: 1) trust is based on relational culture and ingroup identity; 2) emotional attachment and bond provide the basis of trust; 3) the emphasis on cultivation of virtue through constant self-cultivation rather than ability and the control of the environment. Third, this paper raises central issues that need to be addressed: 1) the extension and expansion of trust beyond the narrow confines of the family and ingroup to include outgroup members; 2) recognition and balance of public rationality and private emotions and relations in society; 3) the achievement of balance between self-regulation and the control of the environment.

• Carbon letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

Sixteen clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits of either sex were divided into two equal groups I and II of 8 animals each. Under thiopental sodium (2.5%) anaesthesia a linear full thickness abdominal wall defect of 3 cm in length was created and repaired with continuous suture pattern using 3000 filaments of carbon fibres and 1~0 black braided nylon suture, ingroup I and II respectively. Increased vascularity was observed in carbon fibres (group I) and on day 30 the carbon fibres were covered by white fibrous tissue. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) values of glucose was seen on day 14 in group I, whereas, decrease in glucose value was observed in group II. Histopathologically, the carbon fiber implant induced extensive fibrous tissue (collagen fiber) reaction. Negligible inflammatory cells in the stroma indicate the host tissue tolerance to carbon fibers. Histochemically, gradually increased alkaline phosphatase activity up to day 14 in group I, suggested the proliferation of fibroblasts in early stages.