• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 1992

Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms that suppress the growth of other microorganisms or may destroy them. Among the more than 4000 antibiotics that has been identified, about 20s are using as the therapy of infectious fish diseases. There are several methods used to classify and group antibiotics, and the most common classification has been based on chemical structure and proposed mechanism of action. The effect of antibiotics may be determined by the kind of fish pathogens and by the external environment surrounded the infected fish. It implies that the kind of antibiotics and its application method should be decided after the determination of the reasons of fish disease. The uncontrolled usages of antibiotics may induce the selection of resistant mutants appeared spontaneously and present in any group of bacteria. The epidemic spread of such antibiotic resistant strains of fish pathogenic bacteria already has been reported in various districts of japan. Importantly, transferable drug resistant(R) plasmids were detected in strains of most of fish pathogens. Based on those reports, the antimicrobial resistance appears to be a rapidly emerging problem in the fish industry on the country. The expanding literatures on the pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, withdrawal periods and efficacy of environmental effect for the commonly using antibiotics have met the needs of data for the practical application of antibiotics. However, the most important thing for the treatment of fish diseases would be the communication and exchanging of information between the site of aquaculture and the diagnostic laboratory.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.158-170
• /
• 2008

In response to the changing demands of ever competitive market, SK Telecom has built a new marketing system that can support dynamic marketing campaigns and, at the same time, scale up to the large volumes of data and transactions for the next decade. The system which employs Unix-based client-server (using Web browser interfaces) architecture will replace the current mainframe-based COIS system. The project, named NGM (Next Generation Marketing ), is unprecedentedly large in scale. However, both managerial and technical problems led the project into a crisis. The application framework that depended on a software solution from a major global vendor could not support the dynamic functionalities required for the new system. In March 2005, SK telecom declared the suspension of the NGM project. The second phase of the project started in May 2005 following a comprehensive replanning. It was decided that no single existing solution could cope with the complexity of the new system and hence the new system would be custom-built. As such. a number of technical challenges emerged. In this paper, we report on the three key dimensions of technical challenges - middleware and application framework, database architecture and tuning, and system performance. The processes and approaches, adopted in building NGM system, may be viewed as "best practices" in the telecom industry. The completed NGM system, now called "U.key System," successfully came into operation on the ninth of October, 2006. This new infrastructure is expected to give birth to a series of innovative, fruitful, and customer-oriented applications in the near future.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.869-879
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a neural network based approach for automatic human emotion recognition in textile images. To investigate the correlation between the emotion and the pattern, the survey is conducted on 20 peoples, which shows that a emotion is deeply affected by a pattern. Accordingly, a neural network based classifier is used for recognizing the pattern included in textiles. In our system, two schemes are used for describing the pattern; raw-pixel data extraction scheme using auto-regressive method (RDES) and wavelet transformed data extraction scheme (WTDES). To assess the validity of the proposed method, it was applied to recognize the human emotions in 100 textiles, and the results shows that using WTDES guarantees better performance than using RDES. The former produced the accuracy of 71%, while the latter produced the accuracy of 90%. Although there are some differences according to the data extraction scheme, the proposed method shows the accuracy of 80% on average. This result confirmed that our system has the potential to be applied for various application such as textile industry and e-business.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.406-430
• /
• 2007

Most pharmaceutical licensing deals are made in the early stage of drug development. While this development process is not unique for complicated technology, a special feature of drug development is that it is highly regulated and a well-defined process. Its statistics in terms of costs and chances of technical success have been researched extensively. This enables relatively detailed calculations as benchmarks for actual deals to be made. Based on such calculations and on the analysis of licensing terms in published agreements, various companies offer quite expensive information, databases, software programs and consultation services to help establish what might be reasonable economic terms in a licensing deal. Over the years, pharmaceutical royalties have been the subject of various articles in journals. Most specific on this subject was the article on determining pharmaceutical royalties. Many other articles are about a more general nature deal with determining reasonable royalty rates, evaluating and underpinning the empirical value and usefulness of the 25% rule. The object of this article is to provide a relatively simple analytical approach based on the major economic terms underlying pharmaceutical licensing deals. The aim is to enhance the understanding of the relations between the major factors involved. Details are disregarded, as generally, where the terms of licensing deals depend on predictions over a considerable length of time, the value of detail is limited. Some specific issues addressed by the approach are the impact on profits of large investments, high risks and long development times characteristic of drug development, the consequent strong impact that the ultimate sales levels and operating margins may have on what might be considered a reasonable royalty rate, and the relationship between upfront payments and milestone payments to be paid during pharmaceutical development and the royalties due once the drug enters the market.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate situation of livestock manure generated from Kangwon-do and to evaluate its composting probability. The scale of livesrock-farming is bigger and bigger in Korea. Regulation based on the heads of livestock is slightly different from that based on livestock-farming household. So it is needed ro evaluate regulations for livestock head and livestock-farming household. Composting and liquid fertilization were thought to be appropriate technologies to the trearment of Korean cattle and pig manures, respectively. Generation quantity of pig manure was the greatest among pig, Korean cattle, cow and chicken manures. Pig manure generated the greatest amounts of BOD in Kangwon-do. Pig manure contained nitrogen, Korean cattle manure contained $K_2O$, and chicken and pig manures contained $P_2O_5$ in great amount. Alternative ratio of livestock manure to crops-fertilizer was 51% for nitrogen, 38% for $K_2O$, and 34% for $P_2O_5$.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.12 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2005

Worldwide movement for prohibition of Pb usage drives imminent implementation of Pb-free solders in microelectronic packaging industry. Reliability information of Pb-free solders has not been completely constructed yet. One of the potential reliability concerns of Pb-free solders is allotropic transformation of Sn known as tin pest. Volume increase during the formation of tin pest could deteriorate the reliability of solder joints. It was also reported that the addition of soluble elements (i.e. Pb, Bi, and Sb) into Sn can effectively suppress the tin pest. However, the mechanical properties of the tin pest resistant alloys have not been studied in detail. In this study, lap shear creep test was conducted with Sn and Sn-0.7Cu based solder alloys doped with minor amount of Bi or Sb. Shear strain rates of the alloy were generally higher than those of Sn-3.5Ag based alloys. Rupture strains and corresponding Monkman- Grant products were largest for Sn-0.5Bi alloy and smallest for Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Sb alloy. Rupture surface Sn-0.5Bi alloy showed highly elongated $\beta$-Sn globules necked to rupture by shear stresses, while elongation of $\beta$-Sn globules of Sn-0.7Cu-0.5Sb alloy was relatively smaller.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2013

Owners' efforts to acquire Green building certification, which started in 2002, have been rapidly increasing since 2006. The causes of the increased owners' interests are due to various incentives, legal obligation, and purpose of advertising. As project owners generally are deficient in capabilities and knowledge on how to deal with administrative works on certification, they tend to fulfill the minimum requirements for certification. However, effective administration process need capabilities of identifying individual making decision point and review information. The implementation of green building certification system is expected to provide comfort to both occupants and potential users. Furthermore it contributes to reducing energy costs throughout the phase of O&M. In addition, technology innovation in green industry can be obtained. Therefore, this study is intended to support owners in order that they can clarify certification tasks and make a rational decision-making in time. For this purpose, first of all, the major decision points were selected as the gateways of green building certification process. And then management system based on IDEF3 modeling was developed for supporting owners' decision-making performance. This management system will improve owners' overall capacity in handling all the tasks regarding the certification of Green building.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2019

Along with the recent fourth industrial revolution, the world's manufacturing powerhouses are pushing for national strategies to revive the sluggish manufacturing industry. Moon Jae-in, the government is in accordance with the trend, called 'advancement of science and technology is leading the fourth round of the Industrial Revolution' strategy. Intelligent information technology such as IoT, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile, and AI, which are key technologies that lead the fourth industrial revolution, is promoting the emergence of new industries such as robots and 3D printing and the smarting of existing major manufacturing industries. Advances in technologies such as smart factories have enabled IoT-based sensing technology to measure various data that could not be collected before, and data generated by each process has also exploded. Thus, this paper uses data generators to generate virtual data that can occur in smart factories, and uses them to analyze the cause of the defect in real time and to predict the replacement cycle of the facility.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 2004

Rapid detection of foodbome pathogens is becoming increasingly important. The requirement for faster, more reliable tests has lead to the development of a wide range of rapid methods. Among these methods, the use of systems based on nucleic acid based detection has been increasing since they offer advantages of reduction in test time and more reliable detection or identification. Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) method has been used to fingerprint foodbome microorganisms; Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, 10-mer primer OPG-13(5'-CTCTCCGCCA-3') was used to generate RAPD-PCR for detection of pathogenic L. monocytogenes of Listeria spp. Among 20 primers tested, OPG-13 showed on acceptable result for the differentiation of a pathogenic Listeria from non-pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic Listeria, L. monocytogenes(ATCC 15313, 19111, 19112, 19113) showed two bands for 700 bp and 1,500 bp while non-pathogenic bacteria, L. ivanovii, L. grayi, L. murrayi, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri had only one band sizing from 2,000 to 2,300 bp. This RAPD method proved to be a valuable to gain important information on sources of pathogenic bacteria in food industry.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.703-716
• /
• 2010

It has recently been considered urgent to establish an accurate definition and scope of functional foods in the livestock industry in Korea. The tertiary function of food is gradually emphasized with various changes in conditions such as international competitive power enhancement of the whole world, including Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was carried out to gather basic information toward the establishment of standardization, management plans, and a system adapted to the Korean state through researching management systems of functional meat and meat products in the European Union (EU) and the Oceania Area (OA). A brief summary of this study is as follows. In the EU and OA, special management systems and laws about functional livestock and products were once nonexistent; only 'nutrition claims' and 'health claims' operated in the nutritional consolidation side of foods. Also, it was once thought that functional index materials and permissions established in the application of functional products sufficed, because management standards for enriched food were not established. Therefore, standardization of functional live stock products needs to be considered based on the case of developed countries in the EU and OA. It also seems that the above functional indicative substances can be applied, based on normal standards of indicative substances of functional products and the normal standards of indicators of functional substances added to livestock products presented in this study.