• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.624-631
• /
• 2010

Effective traffic matrix estimation is the basis of efficient traffic engineering, and therefore, quality of service provision support in IP networks. In this study, traffic matrix estimation is investigated in IP networks and an Elman neural network-based traffic matrix inference (ENNTMI) method is proposed. In ENNTMI, the conventional Elman neural network is modified to capture the spatio-temporal correlations and the time-varying property, and certain side information is introduced to help estimate traffic matrix in a network accurately. The regular parameter is further introduced into the optimal equation. Thus, the highly ill-posed nature of traffic matrix estimation is overcome effectively and efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2004

This study aims to analyze the frequency of the use of internet web sites for information on landscape trees, and to suggest an improved direction for internet information content concerning of landscape trees. 10 areas of 5internet web-sites that are presented by an internet search with Yahoo Korea, Empas and Naver were studied for their importance and satisfaction degrees by landscape architects who use them. The users recognized the importance of the contents of the internet web-sites for landscape trees, but were not satisfied with it. It was proposed that the web-sites should provide higher quality information on the growth history, price, shipping and handling, payment and the place of origin. Especially, the paper proposes that web-sites should more aggressively utilize information on the quality of landscape trees such as tree forms, trimming states of roots, etc.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.118-128
• /
• 2005

Surface sediment samples from 31 stations in Jinhae Bay were analyzed to evaluate the pollution by sewage from the spatial distribution of the fecal sterol, coprostanol. The sums of eight sterols (coprostanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta$-sitosterol) were in the range of $2,703-27,154{\cal}ng/{\cal}g$ dry weight. The concentrations of the coprostanol in the sediments, which is a good tracer of sewage-derived organic contamination, were in the range of $76-3,964{\cal}ng/{\cal}g$ dry weight. The levels of coprostanol were much higher (almost one order of magnitude) at stations close to the big cities such as Masan and Jinhae. However, those levels were comparable to or lower than those previously reported in other foreign locations. Some ratios of coprostanol to other sterols and multivariate analysis could provide us with the information on the origin of the sterols being from sewage, plankton, and/or benthos. Those showed sewage dominance at the stations near the cities Masan and Jinhae, plankton dominance at the center of Jinhae Bay and mainly marine fauna origin at the mouth of Jinhae Bay. These results suggest that the contents of sterols and some ratios of these components are quite powerful tracer for the detection of the origin of the organic contaminants in the coastal environments.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.34.2-34.2
• /
• 2017

A small wide-field imaging telescope is a powerful instrument to survey the Universe: wide-field image can monitor the variability of many sources at a time, e.g. young stellar objects and active galactic nuclei, and it can be an effective way to locate transient sources without precise positional information such as gravitational wave sources or some gamma-ray bursts. In February 2017, we installed a 0.25 m f/3.6 telescope on the McDonald 0.8 m telescope as a piggyback system. With a $4k{\times}4k$ CCD camera, the telescope has a $2.35{\times}2.35deg$ field-of-view. Currently, it is equipped with Johnson UBVRI filters and 3 narrow-band filters: $H{\alpha}$, OIII and SII. We will present the installation process, and the telescope performance such as detection limit and image quality based on the data from commissioning observations. We will also discuss possible scientific projects with this system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.176-180
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Pitanguy conducted a series of anatomical studies on "dermocartilaginous ligament" of the nose. However, information on its structure is as yet insufficient, especially in terms of its origin, insertion, and relationships with surrounding tissues. In addition, some of the histologic findings described by Pitanguy are controversial. The present study was undertaken to clarify the anatomy of the "dermocartilaginous ligament". Methods: Sixteen cadaver noses were examined macroscopically and histologically to determine the presence, origin, insertion, composition, and relationship of the "dermocartilaginous ligament" with surrounding structures. Results: The structure originated from the deep layer of the transverse nasalis muscle and terminated at the caudal edge of the septal cartilage in all 16 cadavers. However, in three cadavers the insertion extended to the orbicularis oris muscle. No direct connection was found between the structure and dermis of dorsal nasal skin. The dermocartilaginous ligaments were mainly composed of a condensation of thin collagen bundles, which were interwoven and without any regular orientation. Elastic fibers were also present in small numbers, and there were few amorphous ground substances. Neither muscle fibers nor chondrocytes was identified within dermocartilaginous ligaments. Conclusion: Our macroscopic and histologic findings of the structure do not support the use of the term "dermocartilaginous ligament". According to its origin, insertion, and histologic findings, we recommend that this structure be referred to as the "median musculocartilaginous fascia".

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2022

This study intends to analyze the impact of the country of origin on the intention to ingest COVID-19 vaccinations by measuring Vietnamese people's perceptions of India in the manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines. The research is done using a quantitative method, and primary data was obtained using a conventional manner based on the willingness of the research respondents, who are Vietnamese persons aged 18 and up, to contribute information. The findings revealed that perceived brand association and perceived brand quality directly positively impact the COVID-19 vaccine's consumption intention and willingness. Meanwhile, while the perceived country image component has no direct effect on consumption intention, it does have a positive indirect effect on consumption intention through perceived brand linkage and perceived brand quality. The findings also emphasize the importance and significance of a country's image in brand association and quality perception. The study's findings imply that to increase consumers' willingness to buy India's COVID-19 vaccination, the country should develop communication initiatives to improve consumer perceptions of the country's image, the perceived value of the brand association, and brand quality.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.219-232
• /
• 2023

Mobility services need to change according to the regional characteristics of the target service area. Accordingly, analysis of mobility patterns and characteristics based on Origin-Destination (OD) data that reflect travel behaviors in the target service area is required. However, since conventional methods construct the OD data obtained from the administrative district-based zone system, it is hard to ensure spatial homogeneity. Hence, there are limitations in analyzing the inherent travel patterns of each mobility service, particularly for new mobility service like Demand Responsive Transit (DRT). Unlike the conventional approach, this study applies a data-driven clustering technique to conduct spatial analyses on OD travel patterns of regional mobility services based on reconstructed OD data derived from re-aggregation for original OD distributions. Based on the reconstructed OD data that contains information on the inherent feature vectors of the original OD data, the proposed method enables analysis of the spatial characteristics of regional mobility services, including public transit bus, taxi and DRT.

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2004

As increasing trade through the world, especially in food, asymmetry of information can make the trade shrink. With the industrial development, Korea's agriculture had shrunk dramatically. By the result of the nation's industrial restructuring, over than 3/4 of Korea food consumption comes from abroad. And China is an important source of agricultural product to Korea. Increasing family income and increasing importing food consumption, Korean consumers have been interested in food safety. Especially. after experiencing several cases like struggle for safety of GMO food, poultry influenza, lead contained Chinese fish import, mad cow disease, cheating origin, etc. Obviously, those unreliable cases will hinder the increase of world free trade as well as the trust of two countries. Furthermore, distrust will be a cause of adverse selection. So, it need to find a way to solve the distrust which caused by asymmetry of information. And automatic identification procedures can help mitigate asymmetry of information in trade. And it will make Korean consumers can avoid adverse selection. This paper suggests adoption of Auto ID to encourage agricultural trade between Korea and China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.137-140
• /
• 2011

A systemic building maintenance management is necessary to supply an convenience and safety environment by maintain the origin features for a building's life. However, the exist maintenance management system has some problems such as interoperability of information or standardization of data. In those reasons, a critical information for maintenance a building may be lost and changed. In addition, the data could be crashed or lost on a process of re-input or re-produce. This paper purpose the interoperability in exchanging data between design/construction and operation phases. In addition, this model will enhance the efficiency of building maintenance tasks through information quality improvement and data reproduction prevention.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2019

Article 17 of the Marine Insurance Act (MIA) states that "A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith, and if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party." In the Carter v. Boehm case, Lord Mansfield was the first to provide a comprehensive description of the duty of utmost good faith, which is analyzed here. This judgement not only laid the foundation for the Modern English Insurance Act, but it also influenced the draft of the English Insurance Act of 2015, which aimed at correcting distortions that occurred during the application of statue law and common law thereafter. The duty of utmost good faith, applied between Lord Mansfield's insured and insurer presents the context of information asymmetry of the insured and insurer entering contracts. In the absence of information asymmetry, in contrast to the effects of being in both sides of the duty of utmost good faith, alleviating the duty of disclosure of the insured, and it is also clear that the warning of the severity of the retrospective avoidance of the breach of duty of disclosure and the need for its limited application have already been pointed out. Furthermore, considering the principle of retrospective avoidance, the duty of utmost good faith should be understood as a concept limited to the duty of disclosure before a contract is concluded