• 품질경영학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzes automobile quality review data to develop alternative analytical method of informal data. Existing methods to analyze informal data are based mainly on the frequency of informal data, however, this research tries to use correlation information of each informal data. Method: After sentimental analysis to acquire the user information for automobile products, three classification methods, that is, $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes, random forest, and support vector machine, were employed to accurately classify the informal user opinions with respect to automobile qualities. Additionally, Word2vec was applied to discover correlated information about informal data. Result: As applicative results of three classification methods, random forest method shows most effective results compared to the other classification methods. Word2vec method manages to discover closest relevant data with automobile components. Conclusion: The proposed method shows its effectiveness in terms of accuracy and sensitivity on the analysis of informal quality data, however, only two sentiments (positive or negative) can be categorized due to human errors. Further studies are required to derive more sentiments to accurately classify informal quality data. Word2vec method also shows comparative results to discover the relevance of components precisely.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study aims to examine the interaction of formal and informal institutions for strengthening economic development, particularly entrepreneurship growth. The research will also assess the impact of control variables on political index within the formal and informal markets. The research is quantitative, which analyses panel data of 6 years in 22 countries comprising middle and high-income countries with diversified and unique political, economic, and social systems. The findings suggested that reducing the entry regulation and promoting the social capital within the formal and informal institutions would grow formal and informal entrepreneurship and be a greater source for new venture creation. Moreover, the political index, a control variable, was found significant in the relationship of institutional mix with formal and informal entrepreneurship. Entry regulations in formal and informal institutions are a complex phenomenon in the entrepreneurship literature, moderated by the political development index as tested by the current study. The time horizon for this paper is much longer since it analyzes 6 years (2014-2019) of data on 22 developing and developed countries to see the entrepreneurial growth across multiple regions on different income levels, geographic conditions, and contrasting political and social systems.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.87-111
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• 2014

본 연구는 사회복지사의 일터에서 나타나는 무형식학습 방법을 분석하고, 인적자원개발 및 관리 차원에서 사회복지사의 역량강화를 위한 무형식학습 촉진방안을 탐색하는 것이 목적이다. 연구방법은 제주지역 소재 종합사회복지관에 근무하는 사회복지사 20명을 대상으로 한 질적 사례연구이다. 연구결과 사회복지사의 일터에서 일상적인 무형식학습 방법은 '상사의 피드백, 지인접촉, 회의참여, 자료 검토' 등이었다. 업무숙련 과정에서 가장 많이 활용된 무형식학습은 '상사의 피드백과 지인접촉'으로 인적자원과의 소통에 중점을 두었다. 이에, 사회복지기관에서는 사회복지사의 역량강화를 위해 보수교육과 같은 제도적인 형식학습 지원뿐 아니라 개인학습 지원, 비공식모임, 멘토링, 슈퍼비전, 동료와의 상호작용 등 무형식적 활동을 촉진하는 업무환경 조성이 필요하다는 제안을 하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the structural relationship between job crafting and job enthusiasm, informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital, and to investigate the effect of informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital on job crafting through job enthusiasm. A survey was conducted on 451 safety workers at large domestic companies, and the collected data were analyzed for model suitability, influence relations between variables, and mediating effects with AMOS 23.0 using SPSS 23.0. Through research, we found five important results. First, the structural model of job crafting, job enthusiasm, informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital properly explained the empirical data. Second, social support and positive psychological capital had a positive effect on job enthusiasm, but informal learning did not significantly affect job enthusiasm. Third, informal learning and positive psychological capital had a positive effect on job crafting, while social support did not significantly affect job crafting. Fourth, job enthusiasm had a positive effect on job crafting. Finally, job enthusiasm was found to mediate the relationship between social support and positive psychological capital and job crafting. These suggest that continuous environmental efforts and systematic management measures are needed to promote job crafting of safety workers so that informal learning, social support, positive psychological capital, and job enthusiasm can be expressed. Therefore, the necessity of developing various sub-factors of informal learning that can promote job crafting of safety workers was suggested as a follow-up study.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the change of informal labeling self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents over time and relationship between the intercept and the growth of the variables. Method: 4-year longitudinal panel data(n=2,699), Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS), were analyzed to verify the influence of informal labeling on self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents. Through latent growth modeling, temporal change of the variables was examined. Results: Analytic results are as follow. First, the initial status of informal labeling had a negative impact on the initial status of self-respect. The slope of informal labeling also had a negative impact on the slope of self-respect. In contrast, the initial status of informal labeling did not have an significant impact on the slope of self-respect. Second, the initial status of informal labeling had a positive impact on the initial status of aggression. The slope of informal labeling had a negative impact on the slope of aggression. In contrast, the initial status of informal labeling did not have an significant impact on the slope of aggression. Third, the initial status of informal labeling had a positive impact on the initial status of depression/anxiety and a negative impact on the slope of depression/anxiety. The slope of informal labeling had a positive impact on the slope of self-respect. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance of informal labeling on self-respect, depression/anxiety, and aggression of adolescents.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2015

Building on previous literature of human resource management and development, this paper investigates the effect of various characteristics of informal education a firm offers on employees' individual creativity. we identify quantity, quality, and variety as three critical components of informal educational and training circumstances. Data from a multi-informant survey conducted to 442 employees in Korean postal service show that a firm's informal educational training has significant effects on its employee creativity. The results indicate that enough high quality of program, various training method have a positive relationship with his/her individual creativity although time and opportunity don't have an critical impact on employee creativity. This study highlights the importance of a firm's informal education in terms of motivation and skills, and helps to explain individual discrepancies in creativity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2024

This paper presents a critical analysis of the current application of big data in higher education and how Learning Analytics (LA), and Educational Data Mining (EDM) are helping to shape learning in higher education institutions that have applied the concepts successfully. An extensive literature review of Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining, Learning Management Systems, Informal Learning and Online Social Networks are presented to understand their usage and trends in higher education pedagogy taking advantage of 21st century educational technologies and platforms. The roles of and benefits of these technologies in teaching and learning are critically examined. Imperatively, this study provides vital information for education stakeholders on the significance of establishing a teaching and learning agenda that takes advantage of today's educational relevant technologies to promote teaching and learning while also acknowledging the difficulties of 21st-century learning. Aside from the roles and benefits of these technologies, the review highlights major challenges and research needs apparent in the use and application of these technologies. It appears that there is lack of research understanding in the challenges and utilization of data effectively for learning analytics, despite the massive educational data generated by high institutions. Also due to the growing importance of LA, there appears to be a serious lack of academic research that explore the application and impact of LA in high institution, especially in the context of informal online social network learning. In addition, high institution managers seem not to understand the emerging trends of LA which could be useful in the running of higher education. Though LA is viewed as a complex and expensive technology that will culturally change the future of high institution, the question that comes to mind is whether the use of LA in relation to informal learning in online social network is really what is expected? A study to analyze and evaluate the elements that influence high usage of OSN is also needed in the African context. It is high time African Universities paid attention to the application and use of these technologies to create a simplified learning approach occasioned by the use of these technologies.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 (두 자리 수)${\times}$(두 자리 수)의 곱셈에 대한 학생의 비형식적인 지식은 무엇이며, 문제 해결 과정에서 이러한 비형식적 지식의 역할이 어떠한지 분석하였다. 아직 (두 자리 수)${\times}$(두 자리 수)의 곱셈을 학습하지 않은 한 명의 3학년 학생을 대상으로 4차례의 임상면담을 실시하였고, 학생이 작성한 활동지와 행동적인 특성, 사고과정에 대한 단서 등도 자료에 포함시켰다. 아직 표준적인 알고리즘을 알지 못하는 상태에서 비형식적인 지식만으로 어떻게 문제를 해결하고 개념을 발전시키는지, 특히 어떤 유형의 비형식적인 지식을 어떤 방식으로 활용하는지 알아보았다. 관찰한 비형식적 지식은 모델 화하기, 두 배하기 전략, 그리고 곱셈의 분배와 결합 성질에 대한 이해이다. 그리고 비형식적 지식은 문제 해결 과정에서 해결방법을 설명하고 정당화하는 역할을 하였다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2016

트위터, 페이스북, 온라인 고객 리뷰 등은 신문기사처럼 정제된 글이 아닌 자유롭게 기술되는 비격식(informal) 텍스트 문서에 속한다. 이러한 비격식 문서에서 일관된 규칙이나 패턴을 찾는 일은 격식(formal) 문서 경우에 비해 용이하지 않기 때문에, 비격식 문서 분석을 위해서는 성능 개선을 위한 추가적인 접근 방법 필요다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 대표적 비격식 문서인 트위터 데이터를 열 가지 카테고리로 분류함에 있어 LDA(Latent Dirichlet allocation) 단어 분포를 사용하여 자질(feature)을 교정하고 확장한다. 토픽별로 상위에 랭크된 단어 자질들을 기반으로 다른 단어 자질들을 분해 및 병합하는 방식으로 유용한 자질 집합을 반복적으로 확장시킨다. 이렇게 생성된 자질로 문서 분류를 수행한 결과 자질 확장 이전에 비해 마이크로 평균 F1-score 7.11%p의 성능 개선 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.302-323
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• 2016

내부 연구개발 같은 공식적인 연구개발 활동은 기술혁신을 견인하는 중요한 요소로 인식되어 왔으나, 직무훈련, 진보된 생산기술의 도입, 디자인 활동 같은 다양한 부대적인 혁신 관련 활동들도 기술혁신 성과를 제고하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본고는 이러한 비공식적인 연구개발 활동 여부가 기업의 기술혁신 도입에 차이를 가져오는지, 공식적인 연구개발 활동 중심 집단과 비공식적인 연구개발 활동 중심 집단 사이에 기술혁신 도입 차이가 있는지를 2012년 한국 기술혁신 활동 조사 데이터를 사용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 비공식적인 연구개발 활동이 공정혁신 도입에 유의한 차이를 유발할 수 있으며, 내부 연구개발 활동에만 집중하는 기업보다, 디자인 마케팅 같은 비공식적인 연구개발 활동을 함께 추진하는 기업들이 제품혁신을 더 활발히 도입하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 (1) 혁신주체들이 공식적인 연구개발 활동과 함께 비공식적인 연구개발 관련 활동에도 관심을 기울여야 하며, (2) 정부의 혁신지원정책도 이러한 점을 감안하여 수립되어야 함을 정책적 시사점으로 제시하였다.