• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a structured preoperative PCA education to that of the usual informal teaching provided by hospital staff in alleviating postoperative pain through more effective use of PCA therapy. Method: As an advanced research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy and the attitude about the use of the pain medicine were estimated, and then as a later research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy, the attitude about the use of the pain medicine, and the score of the pain were estimated. Result: The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education had statistically significant higher knowledge regarding the use of PCA therapy(p=0.026) and more positive attitudes toward using pain medicine(p=0.004). The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education reported better pain control 4(p=0.002), 8(p=0.014) and 24 hours(p=0.018) after the operation. Conclusion: The structured preoperative PCA education increases the knowledge for the use of patient's PCA therapy and changes their attitude toward the use of the pain medicine positively and consequently enable the use of PCA therapy to be more effective and then finally reduced the patient's pain after the operation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.3230-3255
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• 2022

Causality mining in NLP is a significant area of interest, which benefits in many daily life applications, including decision making, business risk management, question answering, future event prediction, scenario generation, and information retrieval. Mining those causalities was a challenging and open problem for the prior non-statistical and statistical techniques using web sources that required hand-crafted linguistics patterns for feature engineering, which were subject to domain knowledge and required much human effort. Those studies overlooked implicit, ambiguous, and heterogeneous causality and focused on explicit causality mining. In contrast to statistical and non-statistical approaches, we present Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) integrated with Multi-level Feature Networks (MFN) for causality recognition, called BERT+MFN for causality recognition in noisy and informal web datasets without human-designed features. In our model, MFN consists of a three-column knowledge-oriented network (TC-KN), bi-LSTM, and Relation Network (RN) that mine causality information at the segment level. BERT captures semantic features at the word level. We perform experiments on Alternative Lexicalization (AltLexes) datasets. The experimental outcomes show that our model outperforms baseline causality and text mining techniques.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate whether financial attitude links financial literacy to financial capability. To make sound financial decisions, one essentially requires a certain level of financial literacy - knowledge and skill in finance. Even more effective is when one's financial literacy could be developed into financial capability. The samples comprised 342 individuals from informal labor in the South of Thailand. The stratified multistage sampling technique was utilized to select the respondents, while the interview questionnaires were used to collect the data. By using SmartPLS 3.0, the data analysis included descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The result revealed that the one with the highest debt was Gen Y compared to Gen B and Gen X. Considering financial literacy, financial attitude, and financial capacity across generations, it was found that Gen Y had the highest average score in financial literacy and financial capacity, higher than that of Gen X and Gen B. The impact of financial literacy on financial capability through financial attitude, it was found that the impact on Gen B was higher than that of Gen X and Gen Y. With the right financial attitude, people of all generations would be equipped with a higher level of financial capability.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.92-106
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• 2009

We assumed that natural history museums have rooms for functioning as institutions for the environmental education, especially in aspects of multi-disciplinary, informal education. So we set goals of this research as finding 1) how much environmental education contents are reflected in exhibits of natural history museums, and 2) what those characteristics in aspects of dimension, range, and topic are. First, we developed a framework for analyzing of environmental education contents. Second, we applied the framework to seven major natural history museums. As the result, environmental education contents are reflected by 69.1% totally. Especially, the 'knowledge' dimension covered mostly, and among them the range of 'elements of Ecosystem' occupied more than other ranges. With inferring our results, we suggested that characteristics of natural history museums in environmental education are followed; spatial-temporal expansion of bio-diversity concept, visualizing impacts of human activity against nature.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this case study is to provide the basic knowledge and the rationale for establishing the professional personnel position of Landscape Architecture(LA) in local Government of Korea o the basis of the characteristics and adoption system of professional personnel organization in comparison with the cases of Japan, the United States of America, and Germany. I have analyzed the case of Chonju City, Chollabuk-Do, recruited professional personnel of LA by using informal career position, to justify the needs and the division of professional Landscaping works of the city and to figure out drawbacks of the current adoption system of professional personnel in South Korea. In have found the following results that 1) City Mayor in Korean local Governments do not have the proper authorizing rights of recruiting the special personnels for performing urban policy, which is under controls of the Official Appointment Regulations, 2) because of no official position status for specialist in the fields of LA, the Chonju City had been recruited them as Urban Planner status through an informal process, 3) the section of Park and Urban Forestry was established under the control of Department of Culture and multimedia Industry, 4) the fields of specialized works of LA are defined as the work of ecopolis design and planning, biotope networking, ecological bridge and ecological restorations, and 5) the professional positions for LA should be established in Official Appointment Regulation for the urgent needs of local Government sin South Korea.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-89
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• 2009

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una explicación simplificada pero suficiente sobre el uso de las formas pronominales de tratamiento en los países de habla española, y hacer una propuesta para la enseñanza de los pronombres de tratamiento en la enseñanza del español en Corea. En la actualidad, en el mundo hispánico existen varios sistemas de tratamiento pronominal. La distribución dialectal de sus formas es bastante complicada. En la norma de España se usa el tú para el trato informal en oposición con el usted para el trato formal. Mientras tanto, en Hispanoamérica se usan el tú y el vos para el trato informal, y el usted para el trato formal. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las gramáticas didácticas y manuales no ofrece una explicación suficiente en cuanto a las diferencias de las formas y el uso de los pronombres de tratamiento. En Corea, en la mayoría de las clases de español se enseñan sólo la norma de España, que es minoitaria entre la comunidad global de hispanohablantes. Eso no les permitiría a los estudiantes tener una interacción exitosa con personas que dominen otras normas del tratamiento pronominal. Para que los alumnos tengan una competencia comunicativa que sea lo más universalmente válida, es necesario ofrecer una perspectiva de los fenómenos lingüísticos y culturales que toman en cuenta las variedades del sistema del tratamiento pronominal que se usan hoy en día en el dominio hispánico. Por último, los intereses y el nivel de los alumnos son variables que determinan qué o cuánto hacer en la enseñanza de las formas pronominales de tratamiento.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2008

The purposes of the present study are to describe the design of mobile learning scenarios based on learning sciences theories, and to discuss implications for the future research in this area. To move beyond mere speculations about the abundant possibilities of mobile learning and to make real impact in K-12 school settings, it is critical to conduct school-based research grounded on the learning sciences theories. Towards this end, this paper describes school-based mobile learning projects conducted by a research team at the Learning Sciences Lab in Singapore, and then discusses the possibilities and challenges of mobile learning to further inform future research. Specifically, this paper explores the affordances of mobile technology, such as portability, connectivity and context-sensitivity, to design seamless learning scenarios that bridge formal and informal learning experiences. The authors present a framework for re-conceptualizing different types of learning based on physical settings and intentionality, and then describe two seamless learning scenarios, namely 3Rs and Chinatown Trail, which were implemented in one primary school in Singapore. In conclusion, the authors discuss the affordances of seamless mobile learning for enhancing one's lived experiences to build a living ecological relationship between the person and the environment, and how mobile technology can play a critical role for enabling such lived experiences.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.823-833
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• 2012

방송 제작현장에서 이뤄지는 일터학습은 예비 방송 인력의 전문성 향상을 위해 필요한 교육과정이지만 대학 커리큘럼에 적극적으로 활용되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 언론 관련 학과 학생들이 경험한 일터학습 사례를 제시하고 일터학습이 지닌 장단점과 효과 및 향후 방송 실무교육의 나아갈 방향을 살피고자 하였다. 14명의 대학생들을 대상으로 포커스그룹 토론을 통해 도출된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생들은 기존의 대학 실무교육이 제공하지 못하는 구체적인 현실 상황을 일터학습에서 경험한 것으로 파악되었다. 이로써 학생들은 현장 적응력과 콘텐츠 생산자로서의 인식을 갖추게 되었으나 생존경쟁이 심화되고 있는 방송산업계 현실 앞에서 직업 선택에 다소 혼란을 느끼게 된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생들은 일터에서 시행착오나 실수, 피드백, 선의의 경쟁, 모방을 통해 자발적으로 학습하는 무형식학습을 경험하였으며 일터학습 결과 인터뷰 요령, 촬영 및 편집, 틀짓기, 사회적 대인관계 영역 등에서 암묵지를 형성한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 향후 방송 실무 강의자들이 일터학습에 보다 관심을 갖고 이를 적극적으로 활용할 필요성을 보여주는 것이다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-192
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• 2022

인터넷 개인 방송의 확산에 따라 개인 방송 진행자(BJ, Broadcasting Jockey)와 시청자 수가 증가하고 있으며 이들 간 즉각적인 의사소통도 활발하게 일어나고 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 개인 방송에서 사회적 문제를 야기하고 있는 일부 BJ들의 자극적인 방송에 주목하고 BJ의 일탈 행위를 억제하는 기제가 효과적으로 작동되는지 그리고 BJ와 상호작용을 하는 시청자들은 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아본다. 구조방정식 모형을 통해 억제 이론의 공식적 및 비공식적 제재가 BJ의 정책 준수 태도를 통해 일탈 방송 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 BJ의 정책 준수 태도와 일탈 방송 의도와의 관계에 대한 사회적 압력의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 아프리카 TV의 BJ를 대상으로 설문하여 총 234개의 데이터를 분석한 결과 공식적 제재 뿐만 아니라 비공식적 제재 또한 BJ들의 정책 준수 태도를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, BJ가 인터넷 개인 방송을 시청하는 시청자로부터 인식하는 사회적 압력은 정책 준수 태도가 일탈 방송 의도를 줄이는 효과를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

This article describes how attributes of social network contribute to enhance innovativeness of corporation which is considered to be one of the competitive factors in this global market. The study especially focused on employees' formal and informal communication that is expected to play a mediating role between the factors. 211 employees were randomly selected to participate in an online survey. The result has shown that the static correlation exists between social network, communication, and innovativeness. Closeness of social network was the only influencing factor on communication and innovativeness, and had a partial mediated effect between social network and innovativeness. Based on the suggested contribution for HRD intervention, various communication channels should be developed and supported in order to enhance innovation among social networks in organizations.