• 제목/요약/키워드: Influenza B

검색결과 132건 처리시간 0.025초

Molecular analysis of chicken interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 gene and transcriptional regulation

  • Jeong-Woong Park;Marc Ndimukaga;Jaerung So;Sujung Kim;Anh Duc Truong;Ha Thi Thanh Tran;Hoang Vu Dang;Ki-Duk Song
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권1호
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    • pp.183-196
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    • 2023
  • Interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), belonging to the FAM14 family of proteins and is localized in the mitochondrial membrane, where it plays a role in apoptosis. Transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood in the context of inflammation by intracellular nucleic acid-sensing receptors and pathological conditions caused by viral infection. In this study, chicken IFI6 (chIFI6) was identified and studied for its molecular features and transcriptional regulation in chicken cells and tissues, i.e., lungs, spleens, and tracheas from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV)-infected chickens. The chIFI6-coding sequences contained 1638 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids in three exons, whereas the duck IFI6-coding sequences contained 495 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids. IFI6 proteins from chickens, ducks, and quail contain an IF6/IF27-like superfamily domain. Expression of chIFI6 was higher in HPAIV-infected White Leghorn chicken lungs, spleens, and tracheas than in mock-infected controls. TLR3 signals regulate the transcription of chIFI6 in chicken DF-1 cells via the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways, indicating that multiple signaling pathways differentially contribute to the transcription of chIFI6. Further research is needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying IFI6 transcription, as well as the involvement of chIFI6 in the pathogenesis of HPAIV in chickens.

약사의 백신에 대한 교육의 필요성 및 환자 상담을 위한 소책자 개발 (The Necessity of Vaccine Education for Pharmacists and Development of a Vaccine Leaflet for Patient Counseling)

  • 김미경;김현아;조은;이옥상;임성실
    • 한국임상약학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.280-291
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    • 2011
  • Vaccines are products for immunization which can provoke antibodies by eliciting immune reponses without causing disease and have played an important role in preventing fatal and contagious diseases as well as H1N1 influenza. They are classified by two following categories; lived attenuated vaccine and killed vaccine and currently commonly using vaccines are BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, mumps, measles, rubella, polio, Haemophilus influenza type b, hepatitis B, influenza etc. All vaccines must be used correctly to reach optimal therapeutic goals and also informed well to patients to decrease potential problems. In order to do, pharmacists must have good knowledge of vaccines. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the necessity of vaccine education for pharmacists and develop a vaccine leaflet for patient counseling. We have performed a survey with questionnaire for a total of 176 pharmacists and nurses(hospital pharmacists, n=65; community pharmacists, n=50; hospital nurses, n=61) from January 27th to March 12th, 2010. The questionnaire includes items about vaccine education and counseling and 12 quizzes to evaluate responders' knowledge of vaccines. We used the SPSS(Version 12. for windows) program to analyze the data. In results, 94.9% of all responders said they had not been educated on vaccines. And only 1.1% of all responders said they know about vaccines enough to counsel patients. Pharmacists who have an experience recommending vaccines to other people are 21.7%. On the other hand, nurses who have an experience recommending vaccines to other people are 55.7%(p=0.000). The mean number of correct answers at the 12 quizzes are followings; hospital pharmacist, 8.1; community pharmacist, 6.1, hospital nurses, 6.2(p=0.000). A vaccine leaflet for patient counseling is developed with several references. In conclusion, due to no opportunity of vaccine education, pharmacists have no confidence to counsel patients and lack of knowledge of vaccine. But importance of vaccine's role is increasing, pharmacists should counsel patients in vaccination. So they need vaccine education and a vaccine leaflet will be helpful for their counseling.

2003년 겨울철 소아의 바이러스성 하기도 감염증에 대한 원인 및 바이러스별 임상양상 (Etiology and Clinical Features of Viral Lower-respiratory Tract Infections in Children in Winter, 2003)

  • 윤병호;이희철;천정미;윤소영;이우길;신손문
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제48권7호
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    • pp.723-730
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    • 2005
  • 목 적 : 바이러스성 호흡기 감염이 유행하는 2003년 겨울철 소아의 하기도 감염증의 원인 바이러스를 규명하고, 그 임상 양상을 분석하여 환아의 진단, 경과 예측 및 치료에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 10월부터 2004년 3월까지 크룹, 기관기관지염, 세기관지염, 폐렴 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 삼성제일병원 소아과에 입원한 253례를 대상으로 비인두 흡입물을 채취하여 간접 면역 형광검사에 의해 바이러스가 확진된 92례를 대상으로 임상증상, 진찰소견, 방사선 소견, 혈액검사 소견을 의무기록을 중심으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 호흡기 바이러스 검사를 실시한 253례 중 92례에서 호흡기 바이러스를 검출하여 검출률 36.4%이었고, 이중 RSV가 76.0%로 가장 많았고, ADV가 12.0%, INFA가 9.8%, INFB와 PIV가 각각 1.1%였다. 이중 혼합 감염은 없었다. 2) 대상 환아의 남녀비는 1.4 : 1이었고, 연령의 분포는 20일된 신생아에서 8.3세까지 분포하였으며, 평균 연령은 13.7개월로 84.8%가 2세 미만이었다. 2세 미만에서 많았던 원인 바이러스는 RSV였다. 3) 임상진단은 폐렴이 56.5%로 가장 많았고, 세기관지염이 35.8%, 크룹이 3.3%, 기관기관지염이 4.3%였다. RSV, INFA가 폐렴의 주된 원인 바이러스였고, RSV는 세기관지염의 주된 원인 바이러스였다. 4) 임상증상 및 징후로는 기침(98.8%), 비루(82.6%), 발열(70.7%), 객담(33.7%), 설사(21.7%), 구토(10.9%), 수포음(67.4%), 흉곽함몰(28.3%), 천명(29.3%), 청색증(4.3%) 등이 있었다. 대상환아의 17.4%에서 $38.5^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고열을 보였고, 23.9%에서 발열이 5일 이상 지속되었다. INFA와 ADV의 발열 양상은 $38.5^{\circ}C$의 고열이 5일 이상 지속되는 경향을 보였다. 청색증은 RSV에서 유일하게 관찰되었다. 5) 백혈구수 이상을 보인 경우는 22.8%였고, 백혈구수의 감소($<5{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$)를 보인 경우는 8.7%였으며, 원인 바이러스로는 ADV가 가장 많았다. 백혈구수의 증가($>14{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$)를 보인 경우는 14.1%였고, 원인 바이러스로는 INFA가 가장 많았다. CRP가 4.0 mg/dL 이상으로 증가된 경우는 13.0%로 원인 바이러스로는 ADV가 많았다. 간효소치의 증가는 10.9%에서 있었고, 원인 바이러스는 RSV가 많았다. 결 론 : 2003년 겨울철 바이러스성 하기도 감염증의 주된 원인 바이러스는 RSV, ADV, INF A/B, PIV였으며, 각각의 바이러스가 보이는 임상 양상은 지속적인 발열, 청색증, 증가된 염증반응 소견, 간기능 이상 등으로 다양하였고, 또한 임상 진단에도 바이러스간에 차이가 있었다. 이러한 바이러스성 하기도 감염증의 원인에 따른 임상 양상의 차이를 인식하고, 이에 대한 관찰이 환아의 경과 예측, 진단 및 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

시호 추출물이 세포성 면역반응에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Bupleurum falcatum extract on cellular immune responses)

  • 정영미;김종면;송희종;조정곤
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.407-417
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    • 1993
  • Bupleurum falcatum has been used for treatment of inflammation, jaundice, influenza and hepatitis as a traditional orient folk medicine. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of B falcatum extract on cellular immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Antigen binding cell(ABC) assay, antibody production, Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction against sheep erythrocytes(SRBC) were very depressed in B falcatum extract treated group in vivo. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus in brain heart infusion(BHI) broth containing B falcatum extract was remarkably inhibited. Otherwise, that of Salmonella typhyimurium was not significantly increased in vitro. When B falcatum extract pretreated mice were intraperitoneally(IP) injected S typhimurium and S aureus, respectively, the number of bacteria in peritoneal exudates were time dependent declination compared with those of control, and the weight of spleen and the number of macrophage migration into peritoneal cavity have no difference from those of untreated control. B falcatum extract gradually increased phagocytic activities of peritoneal macrophage against Candida albicans time and dose dependently, and was not significant production of migration inhibiotory factor(MIF). But migration abilities of normal leucocytes in B falcatum extract pretreated group were decreased dose dependently. When B falcatum extract was IP administered, these data indicate that B falcatum extract increases level of serum coticosterone. Therefore, B falcatum extract was indirectly mediated in immune system by serum coticosterone having relation to immunosuppression. These results lead to the conclusion that B falcatum extract acts as a trigger or regulator of cellular immune responses in immune system.

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인천지역 유기동물 현황 및 개 질병 조사 (Animals and diseases prevalence of the rescued dogs in an animal shelter in Incheon)

  • 윤가리;정은하;라도경;정철;이경민;채현우;이정구;이성모
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.297-305
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    • 2014
  • Animals and disease frequency of the rescued dogs were investigated in Incheon Veterinary Medical Association Animal Shelter from January in 2012 to December in 2013. Three zoonoses (rabies, brucellosis, and dirofilariosis) and three infectious diseases (canine distemper, canine parvoviral enteritis, and canine influenza) were examined for stray dogs. Among 5,603 heads, 647 (11.5%) went back to their owner and 969 (17.3%) were adopted to new families. Prevalence of dirofilariosis, canine distemper and canine parvoviral enteritis were 2.2% (16/718), 6.0% (24/399) and 6.1% (24/396), respectively. Positive antibody rates against rabies, B. canis and canine influenza virus were 20.5% (41/200), 0.1% (1/718) and 2.0% (4/200), respectively. Protective antibody for canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus were shown in 47.0% (94/200). The data indicate that control measures including facility standards and disease control program are one of the important aspects of the shelter management because stray dogs are exposed to various infectious agents.

Transcriptomic analysis of the liver in aged laying hens with different intensity of brown eggshell color

  • Han, Gi Ppeum;Kim, Jun-Mo;Kang, Hwan Ku;Kil, Dong Yong
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.811-823
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Eggshell color is an important indicator of egg quality for consumers, especially for brown eggs. Various factors related to laying hens and their environment affect brown eggshell coloration. However, there have been no studies investigating hepatic functions of laying hens with variable intensity of brown eggshell color. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify potential factors affecting brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens at the hepatic transcriptomic level. Methods: Five hundred 92-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were screened to select laying hens with different intensity of brown eggshell color based on eggshell color fans. Based on eggshell color scores, hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE; eggshell color fan score = 14.8) and hens with light brown eggshells (LBE; eggshell color fan score = 9.7) were finally selected for the liver sampling. We performed RNA-seq analysis using the liver samples through the paired-end sequencing libraries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling was carried out to identify their biological meaning by bioinformatics. Results: A total of 290 DEGs were identified with 196 being up-regulated and 94 being down-regulated in DBE groups as compared to LBE groups. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs belong to several biological pathways including herpes simplex infection (toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3], cyclin-dependent kinase 1, etc.) and influenza A (TLR3, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, myxovirus [influenza virus] resistance 1, etc.). Genes related to stress response (ceremide kinase like) and nutrient metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase 1, methylmalonic aciduria [cobalamin deficiency] cblB type, glycine receptor alpha 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, etc.) were also identified to be differentially expressed. Conclusion: The current results provide new insights regarding hepatic molecular functions related to different intensity of brown eggshell color in aged laying hens. These insights will contribute to future studies aiming to optimize brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens.

Neuraminidase Inhibitors from the Fruiting Body of Glaziella splendens

  • Kim, Ji-Yul;Woo, E-Eum;Ha, Lee Su;Ki, Dae-Won;Lee, In-Kyoung;Yun, Bong-Sik
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.256-260
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    • 2019
  • Neuraminidase (NA) cleaves the glycosidic bond linkages of sialic acids to release the mature virions from infected cells and has been an attractive therapeutic target for anti-influenza agents. In our ongoing investigation of NA inhibitors in mushroom extracts, we found that the extract the fruiting body of Glaziella splendens potently inhibited neuraminidase. The fruiting bodies of G. splendens were extracted and partitioned successively with hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The ethyl acetate soluble-layer was subjected to silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and MPLC to obtain five compounds (1-5). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. NA inhibitory activity of these compounds was evaluated using NAs from recombinant rvH1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza A viruses. One compound (1) was elucidated as a new azaphilone derivative, and four compounds (2-5) were identified as entonaemin A, comazaphilone D, rubiginosin A, and entonaemin B, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 showed considerable inhibitory activity against three types of neuraminidases with the $IC_{50}$ values of 30.9, 41.8, and $35.7{\mu}M$ for 3 and 46.5, 50.4, and $29.9{\mu}M$ for 4, respectively. This study reveals that the fruiting bodies of G. splendens possess azaphilone derivatives with the NA inhibitory activity. This is the first report on the isolation of neuraminidase inhibitors from the fruiting bodies of G. splendens.

Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents: Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society, 2018

  • Choi, Eun Hwa;Park, Su Eun;Kim, Yae-Jean;Jo, Dae Sun;Kim, Yun-Kyung;Eun, Byung-Wook;Lee, Taek-Jin;Lee, Jina;Lee, Hyunju;Kim, Ki Hwan;Cho, Hye-Kyung;Cho, Eun Young;Kim, Jong-Hyun
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제62권7호
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    • pp.252-256
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    • 2019
  • The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger in the 9th (2018) edition of Immunization guideline. This report provides the revised recommendations made by the committee and summarizes several changes from the 2015 guideline. National immunization program (NIP) launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for girls aged 12 years in 2016. NIP has also expanded age indication for inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) to 12 years of age in the 2018-2019 season. Quadrivalent IIVs with a full dose (0.5 mL) are approved for all children of 6 months or older. Recommendations of live attenuated influenza vaccine were removed. For inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, first 2 doses are considered as the primary series. Recommendations for use of newly introduced vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis/inactivated poliovirus/Haemophilus influenzae type b, 9-valent HPV, new varicella vaccine, new quadrivalent IIV, and attenuated oral typhoid vaccine) were added. Lastly, monitoring system for adverse events following immunization was updated. Other changes can be found in the 9th edition of Immunization guideline in detail.

Elucidation of Bacterial Pneumonia-Causing Pathogens in Patients with Respiratory Viral Infection

  • Jung, Hwa Sik;Kang, Byung Ju;Ra, Seung Won;Seo, Kwang Won;Jegal, Yangjin;Jun, Jae-Bum;Jung, Jiwon;Jeong, Joseph;Jeon, Hee-Jeong;Ahn, Jae-Sung;Lee, Taehoon;Ahn, Jong Joon
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제80권4호
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    • pp.358-367
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    • 2017
  • Background: Bacterial pneumonia occurring after respiratory viral infection is common. However, the predominant bacterial species causing pneumonia secondary to respiratory viral infections other than influenza remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to know whether the pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of respiratory virus. Methods: Study subjects were 5,298 patients, who underwent multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses, among who visited the emergency department or outpatient clinic with respiratory symptoms at Ulsan University Hospital between April 2013 and March 2016. The patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 251 clinically significant bacteria were identified in 233 patients with post-viral bacterial pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most frequent bacterium in patients aged <16 years, regardless of the preceding virus type (p=0.630). In patients aged ${\geq}16years$, the isolated bacteria varied according to the preceding virus type. The major results were as follows (p<0.001): pneumonia in patients with influenza virus (type A/B), rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus infections was caused by similar bacteria, and the findings indicated that Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia was very common in these patients. In contrast, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infections were associated with pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: The pathogens causing post-viral bacterial pneumonia vary according to the type of preceding respiratory virus. This information could help in selecting empirical antibiotics in patients with post-viral pneumonia.

Field and laboratory investigation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam, 2020 to 2021

  • Trong Duc Tran;Suwicha Kasemsuwan;Manakorn Sukmak;Waraphon Phimpraphai;Tippawon Prarakamawongsa;Long Thanh Pham;Tuyet Bach Hoang;Phuong Thi Nguyen;Thang Minh Nguyen;Minh Van Truong;Tuan Pham Dao;Pawin Padungtod
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.20.1-20.15
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    • 2024
  • Background: Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease that causes illness and death in poultry and humans. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) H5N6 outbreaks commonly occur in Quang Ninh province bordering China. In June 2021, the first HPAI H5N8 outbreak occurred at a Quang Ninh chicken farm. Objectives: This study examined the risk factors associated with HPAI H5N6 and H5N8 outbreaks in Quang Ninh. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Quang Ninh from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022. The cases were households with susceptible poultry with two or more clinical signs and tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The controls were households in the same village as the cases but did not show clinical symptoms of the disease. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the risk factors associated with HPAI outbreaks at the household level. Results: There were 38 cases with H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4h viruses (n = 35) and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (n = 3). Compared to the 112 controls, raising poultry in uncovered or partially covered ponds (odds ratio [OR], 7.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-39.27), poultry traders visiting the farm (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 2.7-27.69), farms with 50-2,000 birds (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.06-8-51), and farms with ≥ 2,000 birds (OR, 11.35; 95% CI, 3.07-41.94) were significantly associated with HPAI outbreaks. Conclusions: Combining biosecurity measures, such as restricting visitor entry and vaccination in farms with more than 50 birds, can enhance the control and prevention of HPAI in Quang Ninh and its spread across borders.