• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.16
• /
• pp.6749-6754
• /
• 2014

Background: There are limited data in the literature related to concomitant genital or extra-genital organ pathologies in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with 183 patients to draw attention to the accompanying organ pathologies with BOTs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-three patients with BOTs, diagnosed and/or treated in our center between January of 2000 and March of 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Data related to age, tumor histology, lesion side, disease stage, accompanying incidental ipsilateral and/or contralateral ovarian pathologies, treatment approaches, and follow-up periods were investigated. Incidental gynecologic and non-gynecologic concomitant organ pathologies were also recorded. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 years (range: 17-78). Ninety-five patients (51%) were ${\leq}40$ years. A hundred and forty-seven patients (80%) were at stage IA of the disease. The most common type of BOT was serous in histology. Non-invasive tumor implants were diagnosed in 4% and uterine involvement was found 2% among patients who underwent hysterectomies. There were 12 patients with positive peritoneal washings. Only 17 and 84 patients respectively had concomitant ipsilateral and concomitant contralateral incidental ovarian pathologies. The most common type of uterine, appendicular and omental pathologies were chronic cervicitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: According to our findings most of accompanying pathologies for BOT are benign in nature. Nevertheless, there were additional malignant diseases necessitating further therapy. We emphasize the importance of the evaluation of all abdominal organs during surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.519-529
• /
• 2017

Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}M$. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and $IL-1{\beta}$, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.511-519
• /
• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.568-577
• /
• 2015

To protect skin problems, new natural material alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been extensively selected from natural sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Poncirus trifoliata of those has been widely used as treatment of allergy, chronic inflammatory diseases, and natural antioxidant. In recent days, microbial fermentation to natural products has been reported to increase feasibly their bioavailability. Accordingly, we performed the fermentation using hot water extract of Poncirus trifoliata by isolated Leuconostocs sp. strain JYK and investigated the change of antioxidative activity. Antioxidative material such as hesperidine naringine, imperatorin, and luteolin was found in hot water extract of Poncirus trifoliata. Total phenolics compounds and flavoniods in hot water extract were $71.2{\pm}4.58GAE(mg/g)$ and $25.1{\pm}4.12$ hesperidine(mg/g), respectively. After fermentation, their values were $89.2{\pm}13.47GAE(mg/g)$ and $31.0{\pm}4.06$ hesperidine(mg/g), respectively. After fermentation, ABTS[2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical were highly enhanced from $70.2{\pm}9.01$ to $86.2{\pm}3.72$ and $18.7{\pm}1.81$ to $26.6{\pm}4.06$, respectively. Thus microbial fermentation offers a tool to further increase the bioactive potential of Poncirus trifoliata.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2004

Recent data have shown the importance of oxidative stresses in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. $H_2O_2$, reactive oxygen species (ROS) donor, has been reported to act as a signaling molecule involved in a variety of cellular functions such as apo/ptosis and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated viability of cultured ileal smooth muscle cells (ISMC) after stimulation with $H_2O_2$. Trypan blue method revealed that the cell viability of ISMC treated with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ was not different from that of controls at up to 2 h time point, while treatment of ISMC with 1 mM $H_2O_2$ for 48 h finally induced significant decrease in the cell viability. Therefore, we evaluated whether $H_2O_2$ was capable of ERKs activation in ISMC for the short-term exposure and examined whether tyrosine kinase was involved in the process of ERK activation by $H_2O_2$ in ISMC. We also investigated the effects of $H_2O_2$ on activation of SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase in ISMC. Thus, ISMC were cultured and exposed to $H_2O_2$, and western blot analysis was performed with phosphospecific MAP kinase antibodies. Robust activation of ERK occurred within 30 min of 1 mM $H_2O_2$ treatment. $H_2O_2-induced$ ERK activation was attenuated by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, indicating that tyrosine kinase was probably involved in the ERK activation by $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$ was a moderate activator of SAPK/JNK, while p38 MAP kinase was not activated by $H_2O_2$. We suggest that ERK activation induced by short-term $H_2O_2$ treatment plays a critical role in cellular protection in the early stage of response to oxidative stress. The present study suggests the necessity of identification of MAPK signaling pathways affected by ROS, since it could ultimately elucidate cellular consequences involved in initiation and perpetuation of intestinal tissue damage in the diseases such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, resulted from excessive ROS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2014

Dental caries are one of the most common oral diseases and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), causing oral malodor. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) is known as typical periodontopathic bacteria, and periodontal disease is chronic inflammatory disease that leads to damage of gingival connective tissue and alveolar bone, eventually loss of teeth. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial effect of mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), green tea water extract and pine needles water extract against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria sucn as S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. As a result, the reduction ratios of S. mutans and P. gingivalis were 4.00 Log and 4.68 Log reduction for 30 s, and P. intermedia were 2.40 Log reduction for 30 s and 2.70 Log reduction for 60 s. Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) provides easy detection of visual data showing a significant inhibition on S. mutans. In conclusion, we expected that mouthwash containing CPC, NaF, green tea water extract and pine needles water extract could help preventing the dental disease like dental caries and oral malodor.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2018

Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid residue EtOH extracts(USCFR) and ethyl acetate solvent fraction (USCFREA) of supercritical extraction foil were investigated in order to examine the recycling of supercritical extraction foil in the process of studying Ulmus davidiana branch supercritical extract. Experiments were performed for the determination of total phenol content. The $IC_{50}$ value(ppm) of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity was $7.42{\pm}0.09$, $7.50{\pm}0.05$, $22.94{\pm}0.09$, $6.43{\pm}0.10$, and USCFREA, respectively, as compared with the positive control (vitamin C) with values $17.80{\pm}0.14$ and $5.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively. The antioxidative activities of USCFR and USCFREA were confirmed to be superior to the positive control group. In anti-allergic activity studies, both USCFR and USCFREA showed concentration-dependentanti-allergic activity, and USCFREA showed strong anti-allergic activity even at very low concentrations. Thetotal phenolic contents (ugEG, ugGA; ppm) of USCFR were $134.17{\pm}0.13$, $132.02{\pm}0.24$ and USCFREA were $154.77{\pm}1.05$ and $153.18{\pm}1.10$, respectively. Based on the above results and strong antioxidant activity, USCFR and USCFREA hold the potential to be considered as basic research materials for the development of therapeutic supplements based medicines or functional cosmetics related to chronic inflammatory skin immunity diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2013

Morinda officinalis (MO) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of impotence, anti-inflammatory, menstrual irregularity action and various brain diseases including antidepressant and anti-stress. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of MO (100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of MO prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Dose-dependent of methanol extracts of MO were effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of MO significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.0{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}20.0{\times}10^{-2}g/ml$).

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2005

Background: We examined global gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (DC), and tested whether the identified genes with the altered expression might be associated with susceptibility to UC. Methods: PBMCs from 8 UC and 8 normal healthy (NH) volunteers were collected, and total RNAs were subjected to the human 8.0K cDNA chip for the micro array analysis. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to verify the results of micro array. One hundred forty UC patients and 300 NH controls were recruited for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Results: Twenty-five immune function-related genes with over 2-fold expression were identified. Of these genes, two chemokines, namely, CXCL1 and CCL20, were selected because of their potential importance in the evocation of host innate and adaptive immunity. Four SNPs were identified in the promoter and coding regions of CXCL1, while there was no significant difference between all patients with UC and controls in their polymorphisms, except minor association at g.57A>G (rs2071425, p=0.02). On the other hand, among three novel and one known SNPs identified in the promoter region of CCL20, g. -1,706 G>A (p=0.000000055), g. -1,458 G>A (p=0.0048), and g. -962C>A (p=0.0006) were found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility of Uc. Conclusion: Altered gene expression in mononuclear cells may contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Although the findings need to be confirmed in other populations with larger numbers of patients, the current results demonstrated that polymorphisms in the promoter region of CCL20 are positively associated with the development of Uc.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.1 s.142
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2006

Inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurologiacal diseases. The hallmark of neuro-inflammation is the activation of microglia, brain macrophage. Pro-inflammatory compounds including nitric oxide(NO) are the main cause of neuro-degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. In the study, we examined whether Harmonia axyridis extracts inhibit the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent, western blotting and by RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reactionin) the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). Distilled water$(H_2O)$ and methanol(MeOH) extracts of H. axyridis inhibited the protein expression of TNF-a(Tumor Necrosis Factor) and IL-6(Interleukin) in LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) stimulated BV-2 cells at the concentration of 100 ng/ml. Incubation of BV-2 cells with the extracts of $H_2O$ of MeOH inhibited the LPS induced NO and iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. These data suggested that H. axyridis extracts may play a crucial role in inhibiting the NO production.