• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.486-497
• /
• 2015

Objectives Hataedock is an orally administered herbal extract treatment for newborn babies that dispels toxic heat and meconium gathered by the fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Hataedock alleviates inflammatory skin damage in AD (Atopic Dermatitis)-induced NC/Nga mice through regulating and maintaining the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects.Methods We established an AD model in three-week-old NC/Nga mice through the repeated application of DNFB (dinitrochlorobenzene) on days 28, 35, and 42 after Hataedock treatment was orally administered. We identified changes in the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects through the histological and immunohistochemical changes of TNF- α, NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX-2, and apoptotic bodies.Results Skin damage and angiogenesis were mitigated in the HT (Hataedock) group. Damage to the intercellular space of the stratum corneum as well as hyperplasia, edema, the infiltration of lymphocytes, and the increase of capillaries decreased in the HT group. Our results suggest that Hataedock treatment significantly down-regulated levels of TNF- α by 38% (p<0.001) and of NF-κB p65 by 70% (p<0.001). But Hataedock up-regulated apoptosis by 183% in dermatitis-induced skin.Conclusions These results suggest that Hataedock alleviates AD through diminishing the various inflammatory cytokines in skin lesions that are involved in the initial steps of AD development. It might have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2015

Urbanization caused various environmental problems like destruction of natural water cycle and increased urban flood. To solve these problems, LID(Low Impact Development) deserves attention. The main objective of LID is to restore the water circulation to the state before the development. In the previous studies about the LID, the runoff reduction effect is mainly discussed and the effects of each techniques of LID depending on rainfall types have not fully investigated. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of LID using the quantitative simulation of rainwater runoff as well as an amount of infiltration according to the rainfall and LID techniques. To evaluate the water circulation of LID on the development area, new land development areas of Hanam in South Korea is decided as the study site. In this research, hydrological model named STORM is used for the simulation of water balance associated with LID. Rainfall types are separated into two categories based on the rainfall intensity. And simulated LID techniques are green roof, permeable pavement and swale. Results of this research indicate that LID is effective on improvement of water balance in case of the low intensity rainfall event rather than the extreme event. The most effective LID technique is permeable pavement in case of the low intensity rainfall event and swale is effective in case of the high intensity rainfall event. The results of this study could be used as a reference when the spatial plan is made considering the water circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.6 no.4 s.23
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2006

Urban development results in increased runoff volume and flowrates and shortening in time of concentration, which may cause frequent flooding downstream. Flow retardation structures to limit adverse downstream effects of urban storm runoff are used. There are various types of flow retardation measures include detention basins, retention basins, and infiltration basins. In basic planning phase, a number of planning models of detention ponds which decide storage volume by putting main variables were used to design detention ponds. The characteristics of hydrological parameters $\alpha,\;\gamma$ which are used in planning models of detention pond were analyzed. In this study, detention ponds data of Disaster Impact Assessment report at 22 sites were analyzed in order to investigate correlation between characteristic of urban drainage basin parameter and characteristics of detention pond parameter due to urbanization effects. The results showed that storage volume was influenced by peak discharge ratio $\alpha$ more than runoff coefficient ratio $\beta$ and peak discharge ratio $\alpha$ was influenced by runoff coefficient ratio $\beta$ less than regional parameter n. Storage ratio was mainly influenced by duration of design rainfall in the case of trapezoidal inflow hydrograph such as Donahue et al. method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2014

Landslide disasters including debris flows are the one of the most frequent natural disasters in Korea, and losses of lives and property damages due to these catastrophic events have been increased every year. Various mitigation programs and related policies have been conducted in order to respond and prepare landslide disasters. Most landslide reduction programs are, however, focused on recovery actions after the disasters and lead to unrealistic consequences to the affected people and their properties. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the landslide hazard based on the identification of geomorphological features, which is for the preparedness of the landslide disasters. Two methodologies, SINMAP and vector dispersion analyses are used to simulate those characteristics where landslides are actually located. Results showed that both methods well discriminate geomorphic features between stable and unstable domains. This proves that geomorphological characteristics well describe a relationship with the existing landslide hazard. SINMAP analysis which is based on the consecutive model considering external factors like infiltration is well identify the landslide hazard especially for debris flow type landslides rather than vector dispersion focusing on a specific area. Combining with other methods focusing specific characteristics of geomorphological feature, accurate landslide hazard assessments are implemented.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2007

Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, a nonenzymatic antioxidant, in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI. Materials and Methods: ALI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by instilling LPS (E.coli, 3mg/Kg) into the trachea. The rats were classified into the control, control+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, LPS, and LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups.The lung lavage neutrophil count, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), lung myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytokine concentrations (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-10) were measured at 2 h and 6 h after LPS administration. Results: The total cell and neutrophil counts of the LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups were significantly lower than the LPS groups. The protein concentration in the BAL fluid was similar in the LPS groups and LPS+${\alpha}$-lipoic acid groups. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations in the BAL fluid were not decreased by the ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid treatment in the LPS treated rats. Conclusions: Although ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid decreased the level of LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration into the lung, it could not attenuate the LPS-induced ALI at the dose administered in this study.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.39 no.11 s.172
• /
• pp.935-946
• /
• 2006

This study proposed a new procedure of sustainable water resources planning to prevent the urban streamflow depletion, based on the Heathcote's study in 1998: (1) to understand the watershed component and processes, (2) to identify and quantify problems within the watershed, (3) to set clear and specific goals, (4) to develop a list of management options, (5) to eliminate infeasible options, (6) to test the effectiveness of remaining feasible options, and (7) to develop the final options. PSR(Presure-State-Response) concept was used for the determination of indicators of PSD(Potential Streamflow Depletion; step 2) and effect equation (step 7) and composite programming for the calculation of PSD. The instreamflow requirement was proposed as clear and specific goal (step 3) and was determined by the larger of the PHABSIM's environmental flow and the drought flow. A continuous rainfall-runoff model is necessary to test the effectiveness of alternatives. It should estimate not only the exact runoff but also the effect of landuse change, reservoir, infiltration facility and so on like SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The proposed procedure will be applied on the corresponding paper.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.425-438
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate simulation of agricultural water supply considering yearly variation of irrigation efficiency. The water supply data of the Idong reservoir from 2001 through 2009 was collected and used for this study. Total 6 parameters including irrigation efficiency (Es), drainage outlet height, and infiltration, were used for sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. Among the parameters, the Es appeared to be the most sensitivity parameter. The Es was calibrated on a yearly basis considering sensitivity and time-varying characteristic, while other parameters were set to fixed values. The statistics of percent bias (PBLAS), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root means square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) for a monthly step were 2.7%, 0.93, and 0.26 for the calibration, and 3.9%, 0.89, and 0.32 for the validation, correspondently. The results showed a good agreement with the observations. This implies that the modeling only with appropriate parameter values, apart from modeling approaches, can simulate the real supply operation reasonably well. However, the simulations with uncalibrated parameters from previous studies produced poor results. Thus, it is important to use calibrated values, and especially, we suggest the Es's yearly calibration for simulating agricultural water supply.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells that have been found to promote wound healing through the process of angiogenesis and reepithelialization. Generally, it is well known that the antigenicity of ADSCs doesn't affect stem cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of allogeneic ADSCs in the wound healing process by applying allogeneic ADSCs on the wound healing splint model of mice. Methods: Adipose tissue was harvested from the epididymal fat pads of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Twenty four mice BALB/c were divided into three groups; control, isogeneic, and allogeneic groups. Two full thickness defects with 6 mm diameters were created on the back of BALB/c mice. $1{\times}10^6$ ADSCs from BALB/c mice were applied on the isogeneic group. In the allogeneic group, ADSCs from the C57BL/6 mice were applied. No cells were applied to the control group. The sizes of the wounds were evaluated in 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after the wounds were applied, and tissues were harvested in 7 and 14 days for histological analysis. Results: Wound healing rates had showed significant increase in 10, and 14 days when the isogeneic group was compared to the control group, but the allogeneic group showed significantly decrease compared to the isogeneic group (p<0.05). Histological scores in the isogeneic group were significantly high, but significantly lower in the allogeneic group when compared to the isogeneic group in 2 weeks (p<0.05). In the isogeneic group, thick inflammatory cell infiltration with abundant capillaries were observed in 1 week, and thick epithelium with many large capillaries were observed in 2 weeks. Conclusion: When isogeneic ADSCs were applied to wounds, they presented a faster wound healing rate compared to controls and the allogeneic group. Unlike general stem cell therapy, these findings suggest that cell therapy targeted at enhancing wound healing may benefit from the use of ADSCs with identical antigenicity, as opposed to allogeneic or xenogenic ADSCs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 2020

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for host defense as well as the progression of inflammatory diseases through the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is cleaved by active caspase-1. It has been reported that overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development and pathology of acne vulgaris. Therefore, inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a new therapeutic strategy for acne vulgaris. In this study, we investigated whether auranofin, an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby effectively treating acne vulgaris. Auranofin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by Propionibacterium acnes, reducing the production of IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and human sebocytes. In a P. acnes-induced acne mouse model, injection of P. acnes into the ears of mice induced acne symptoms such as redness, swelling, and neutrophil infiltration. Topical application of auranofin (0.5 or 1%) to mouse ears significantly reduced the inflammatory symptoms of acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes injection. Topical application of auranofin led to the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activated by P. acnes in mouse ear skin. These results show that auranofin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation of which is associated with acne symptoms. The results further suggest that topical application of auranofin could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating acne vulgaris by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2005

Riverbank filtration has been used in advanced countries for 150 years. In Korea, investigations for producing riverbank filtrate started in the Han River, Nakdong River, Geum River, Yeongsan River and Seomjin River basins in the 1990s. The lower part of the Nakdong River has a poorer water quality than the upper part of the river. A water balance analysis and groundwater flow modeling were conducted for the riverbanks of the Nakdong River in Daesan-Myeon, Changwon City. The results of the water balance analysis revealed the groundwater infiltration rate into the aquifer to be 245.26 mm/year (19.68% of the average annual precipitation, 1,251.32 mm). Direct runoff accounts for 153.49 mm/year, evapotranspiration is 723.95 mm/year and baseflow is 127.63 mm/year. According to the groundwater flow modeling, 65% of the total inflow to the pumping wells originates from the Nakdong River, 13% originates from the aquifer in the rectilinear direction, and 22% originates from the aquifer in the parallel direction. The particle tracking model shows that a particle moving from the river toward the pumping wells travels 100 m in 50 days and a particle from the aquifer toward the pumping wells travels 100 m in 100 days.