• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.557-569
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• 2011

Objectives : Based on the system and control activity for the monitoring system made of components for infection control at dental hospitals and infection rate reporting, and the role of trained infection control staff, this study tried to understand approaches to the effective infection control program by surveying infection control at dental hospitals in Korea. Methods : The survey was conducted from December 14,2010 to January 31,2011 for 121 dental hospitals in Korea. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistic 18 was used. Results : And following conclusions were reached. 1. As for the infection control system at dental hospitals, 54.7% has an infection control committee, 58.7% infection control staff, 78.5% infection control rules, and 39.7% annual infection control plan and record. 2. As for surveillance indexes to report infection rates, 50.4% has the reporting system for staff's exposure to infectious disease and needle pricking. The average number of exposures to infectious disease was $0.28{\pm}2.23$ and that of needle pricking was $1.83{\pm}5.39$. 3. As for infection control indexes, it was reviewed whether infection control rules were implemented according to operation agents, general hospitals were more active in staff infection control, and hospitals annexed to a dental university or special legal entity were more active in microorganism control. As for use of personal protection gear, there was no significant difference among operation agents. More than 71% of operators and their assistants said they did not replace their masks between patients. 4. As for personnel indexes for effective infection control staff, most hospitals designated dental hygienists, which was followed by dental doctors (or doctors). Where their workload was reviewed, the ratio of other work such as treatment was relatively higher than that of infection control (n=71). Conclusions : These results show dental hospitals in Korea have a certain level of infection control system. As infection indexes are managed mainly for staff members, patient monitoring is needed, and trained and effective infection control staff should be designated. This study reviewed surveillance, infection control and personnel indexes. And further studies are needed in the future.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2018

중소병원에서 근무하는 초보간호사의 병원감염관리에 대한 인지도와 수행 정도를 확인하고, 병원감염에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시된 서술적 조사연구이다. 2017년 9월15일부터 2017년 9월 30일까지 A시와 B시에 300병상 규모의 중소병원 2곳의 초보간호사 150명중 무응답 및 미흡한 응답자 11명을 제외한 139명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, 사후검정은 $Scheff{\bar{e}}$ test로 분석하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따라 병원감염관리에 대한 인지도를 비교해 본 결과 요로 감염관리, 호흡기 감염 관리 그리고 소독 오염물품 관리 부분은 연령에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 수행 정도는 손 씻기 영역에서는 근무부서와 직위, 수액요법영역은 감염관리 교육 필요성 여부(p<.001)에서, 요로감염관리 영역 및 호흡기 감염관리 영역(p=<.001)에서는 직위에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 병원감염관리에 대한 인지도와 수행 정도에 대한 차이를 살펴본 결과 손 씻기, 수액요법, 요로감염관리, 호흡기 감염관리, 감염성 폐기물 관리, 소독오염 물품관리영역의 모든 영역에서 인지도가 수행도 보다 모두 높게 나타났으며 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 경험과 지식이 부족한 초보간호사들이 병원감염관리 간호를 원활하게 수행하기 위해 이론적 지식을 바탕으로 수행도도 높일 수 있는 체계적인 병원감염관리 관련 교육프로그램이 구체적으로 개발 운영되어야 할 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.312-327
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• 2021

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) to manage healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) has emerged as one of the most significant public health issues in Korea. The purpose of this study is to draw implications in IPC policies by analyzing the context, process, and major actors in policy development and comparatively analyzing IPC policy contents of Korea with three other countries. Additionally, IPC policies were analyzed in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide implications for future pandemics and HCAI events. Methods: This study incorporates a qualitative approach based on document and content analysis, applying codes and thematic categorization. IPC policy contents are comparatively analyzed by adopting the concept model, developed by the World Health Organization, which consists of core components of IPC structure at the national and facility level. Results: National IPC policies were developed within a complex social and political context, through the involvement of various stakeholders. IPC policies in Korea place a high emphasis on establishing IPC programs and built environments in healthcare facilities, whereas there were potentials for improvement in policies involving patients and promoting a safety culture. IPC policies, which currently focus on general hospitals and certain functions of hospitals, should further be expanded to target all healthcare facilities and functions, to ensure more efficient and sustainable IPC responses in the current and future disease outbreaks. Conclusion: IPC is a complex policy arena and lessons learned from the analysis of existing policies in the context of COVID-19 should provide valuable strategic implications for future policies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2023

The fungal pathogen Pseudocercospora fuligena, known to affect tomatoes in the tropics and subtropics, has been reported from temperate climates including the United States and Turkey in recent years. In this study, an isolate from fresh tomatoes and the disease it causes were characterized and infection mechanisms investigated. Macroscopically, both sides of tomato leaves show indistinct effuse patches but prolific production of fuliginous lesions is conspicuous on the abaxial side first but also on the adaxial side later on as infection progressed. Microscopically, fascicles of conidiophores (11-128 ㎛ × 3.5-9 ㎛) arising from stromata and conidia with up to 12 septations were observed. Molecular characterization of the isolate revealed high homology (99.8%) to other P. fuligena isolated from tomatoes in Turkey. Out of the 10 media tested, P. fuligena grew significantly well and sporulated better on unsealed tomato oatmeal agar and carrot leaf decoction agar, both supplemented with CaCO₃. Direct transfer of conidia from profusely sporulating lesions was the easiest and quickest method of isolation for in-vitro studies. Light and scanning electron microscopy on cleared and intact tomato leaves further confirmed stomatal penetration and egress as well as prevalence of primary and secondary infection hyphae. In situ, blocked stomatal aperture areas of 154, 401, and 2,043 ㎛² were recorded at 7, 12, and 17 days after inoculation, respectively. With the recent expanded horizon of the pathosystem and its consequential impact, such studies will be useful for a proper diagnosis, identification and management of the disease on tomato worldwide.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2023

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative pathogen commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection has also been reported in cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and biliary tract cancers. However, the association between H. pylori and gallbladder and biliary tract pathologies remains unclear due to the paucity of literature. In response to the current literature gap, we aim to review and provide an updated summary of the association between H. pylori with gallbladder and biliary tract diseases and its impact on their clinical management. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We found that H. pylori infection was associated with cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract cancer, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cholangitis but not with gallbladder polyps. While causal links have been reported, prospective longitudinal studies are required to conclude the association between H. pylori and gallbladder pathologies. Clinicians should be aware of the implications that H. pylori infection has on the management of these diseases.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on infection control for multidrug resistant organism (MDRO). Methods: One group pre-post time series design was used. Infection control education for MDRO infection was provided to nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Knowledge and recognition were evaluated before and after education. Hand hygiene compliance, MDRO isolation rate and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate were used as outcome variables. Data from 45 nurses was used for analysis. Results: General knowledge about MDRO increased (p=.011). Responses to questions about image of MDRO and MDRO management tended to change in a positive direction (p=.046). Hand hygiene compliance was 100% at pre-test, 79.5% during education period and 98.4% at post-education period. MDRO isolation rate was 6.83 per 1,000 patient days at pre-test, 10.24 during education period and 6.68 at post-education period. CLABSI rate was 3.76 per 1,000 central line days at pre-test, 6.84 during education period and 4.71 at post-education period. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the education program is effective in improving knowledge about MDRO in NICU nurses. However, more reliable indicators should be used to determine long-term effects.

• 대한간호
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-87
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the current prevention Mechanism of tuberculosis infection and to find out how nursing teachers handle against tuberculosis infection. The objectives of this study was to aid in better treatment and maintenance of those infected-students and help students to prevent the disease by themselves. The subjects of this research were 78 students who were proved to be infected at tuberculosis by the test result of each high school and 35 nursing teachers who retain those 78 infected students. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The infection rete of tuberculosis and the general characteristics of the infected students at Girls' High School: There are approximately 33 and 50 tuberculosis-infected cases in 1992 and 1993. The tuberculosisinfection rate were 0.12% in 1992, while the infection rate were 0.17% in 1993. The infection rate for academic Girls' High School stucents were 51.3%, while that of vocational Girls' High school students were 48.7%, About 30.8% of respondents have a family history of tuberculosis infection. 2. The current management system of tuberculosis treatment: It was reported that 59.0% of respondents out of total cases were in the process of treatment, and 41% of them were recovered (from tuberculosis). 55.1% of respondents use health center as their most frequent treatment location. 57.5% of academic Girls' High School and 47.4% of vocational Girls' high shool reported inconsistent meals while curing tuberculosis. In terms of taking medicine, 55.1% reported inconsistently. 3. The current management system of nursing teachers; Approximately 57.1% of nursing teachers were at academic Girls' High School. while 42.9% were at vocational Girls' High School. While treating tuberculosis, 85.7% of nursing teachers checked the consistent medicine-taking, 54. 3% of them checked the side effects of medicine, 80% of them consulted with students, while only 25. 7% of them check the school attendance. This study also finds out that we have underestimated the importance of tuberculosis treatment and health education at the shool level, it has not been effective enough for students to recognize the importance of tuberculosis. It is our assertion that nursing teachers should have paid much more attention to tuberculosis itself and infected-cases.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2017

Objectives : This study analyzes the characteristics of prescription drugs for acute upper respiratory tract infection in outpatient clinics and provides basis for establishing the correct evaluation project on appropriate prescribing indicators. Methods : Research data were collected from two for each family medicine, internal medicine, pediatric, otorhinolaryngology and general practitioner clinics with a total of 10 clinics with diseases classifications codes J00-J06, J20 on patients receiving treatment between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 every Monday in Busan City. Results : The antibiotic prescription rate in evaluating the project on appropriate prescribing indicators of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service was 44.3%, whereas this study was approximately 30% higher because analysis to target the entire cold-related diagnosis. Conclusions : The correct antibiotic prescription by expanding the current assessment standard should be identified as a minor diagnosis because the evaluation project on appropriate prescribing indicators targets the major diagnosis only.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the knowledge of dental hygienists regarding dental waste, and identify the relationship between general characteristics and infection control characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire in 250 dental hygienists. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items: storage container (5 items), storage locations (5 items), storage period (9 items), and storage method (3 items). The collected data were analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance. Results: The education experience of infection management within the last year was reviewed for significant differences among dental hygienists regarding storage container and storage periods (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed regarding the knowledge of storage container, storage locations, storage period, and storage method among the enrolled dental hygienists (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study examined the necessity of developing conservative education and job education programs to improve the knowledge level of dental hygienists regarding dental waste management.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.26-45
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to Identify the .level of measurement on quality Indicators and evaluate the existing indicators in order to determine the priority of quality indicators' application in Korean general hospitals. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The subjects were quality managers working at general hospital having over 300 beds. The criteria were relevance, reliability, precision, impact, application, and preference to evaluate quality indicators. According to these six criteria, each indicator was evaluated on a five point scale(5: excellent, 1: poor). The response rate was $40.4\%$. The hospitals have monitored the average of 3.8 indicators(median 4). The indicators such as return to operating room, unplanned readmission, cancellation of booked operations, death, hospital infection, cesarean section rate, volume per disease or procedure, readmission, re-operation, blood transfusion, and post-procedural complications were frequently measured. The top ten quality indicators in the evaluation by its relevance, validity, reliability, impact, preference and application were decubitus ulcer, clean wound infection, fall, unplanned return to operation room, transfusion reactions, foreign body left In during procedure, unplanned readmission, wound infection after contaminated surgery, postoperative hemorrhage/hematoma, and cesarean section rate in order. The high priority quality indicators frequently measured could be used as primary national indicators. Standardized guidelines about monitoring indicators and the utilization will preliminarily be needed to compare and reuse the data for various purposes and improve the quality of care continuously.