• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to set up a hypothetical model to explain causal relationships among influential variables in the mother-child relationship for Korean infants and toddlers and their mothers. The research was based on Barnard's (1978) mother-child relations model, and goodness-of-fit was examined. Methods: The participants were 207 mothers with infants or toddlers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: Regarding the influence of the variables on the mother-child relationship between infants and toddlers and their mothers, social support had a 75% explanation of mother-child relationships, and attachment had a 58% explanation of social support. Attachment had both direct and indirect effects on the mother-child relationships, and social support had direct and total effects on the mother-child relationships. Among child-related variables, child temperament had a moderating effect on the mother-child relationships. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the model has utility in developing effective nursing intervention methods to boost mother-child relationships between infants and toddlers and their mothers.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2005

Objectives: To describe the rate of injuries among infants and toddlers. and to investigate the attitude. knowledge. and practice on safety of their mothers. Methods: The total sample consisted of 308 mothers with infants or toddlers from two public health centers in two cities in Kyunggi Province. A questionnaire was used to collect data. which was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. Results: Thirty-eight percent of the subjects had experienced home accidents. Fall. burn. and laceration were the most frequently occurred home injuries. Most of the mothers were anxious for child accidents, and $59.4\%$ of mothers thought of safety as a primary concern. The mean score of knowledge on safety was 7.63. and the mean score of practice on safety was 34.76. Safety knowledge was significantly higher in mothers with higher education. higher income. and experience of having information on safety. but safety practice was not different depending on these factors. There was a negative correlation between safety practice and child rearing burden. Conclusions: The rate of injuries among infants and toddlers was still high compared to other developed countries. This study provided basic data about the accidents of infants and toddlers. and the level of safety knowledge and safety practice of their mothers. The related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance or developing injury prevention programs for mothers.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.179-197
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• 2010

The present study investigated how mothers with infants and toddlers obtain information about parenting and examined the nature of maternal parenting knowledge in order to evaluate the quality of the information. The mothers' age and educational level were included in the analysis as a influential factor on parenting knowledge. Four hundred and twenty-nine mothers with infants and toddlers completed the questionnaires issued regarding the source and content of parenting information and parenting knowledge. The results indicated that the mothers with only one child preferred to utilize their friends and relatives as their primary source of information and the mothers with more than one child acquired parenting information from their own previous experience. Second, the subjects were most interested in acquiring information related to physical development and medical problems. Third, the main effects of all independent variables were found. In addition, the interactional effects between the educational level and source of parenting information for the mother with only one child and the interactional effects between age and source of parenting information for the mother with more than one child were determined as a result of this study. These results indicate that there are some high-risk groups when it comes to the acquisition of parenting knowledge and we suggest providing valid and reliable information to these most vulnerable groups.

• 아동학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1985

The relationship between home environment variables for infants and toddlers and the nature of primary caregivers were examined in the present study. The purpose of the study was to explore the possibility of home stimulation deprivation when infants were not cared by their own mothers. Primary caregivers were classified into mothers, blood related adults, and unrelated adults. The home environment was assessed with the Korean version of HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) by means of interview and observation. The subjects of this study were 126 infants aged 3 to 36 months and their primary caregiver, adults who provided more than 8 hours day-time care for infants at home. The results were as follows : 1) The primary caregiver had an effect on the infants' home environmental stimulation. That is, the group of mothers as primary caregivers had the highest HOME scores, the second highest were blood related adults, and the unrelated adults were the last. 2) There were no sex differences in HOME scores. 3) There were significant relationships between the educational level of the caregiver and HOME. That is, the higher educational levels showed higher HOME scores.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers as perceived by mothers of children in early childhood, and graduate students in nursing and to provide information for health promotion in early childhood. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 91 mothers of children in early childhood, and 115 graduate students in nursing. Results: The comparisons showed that graduate students in nursing reported higher perception of the importance health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers than did the mothers. In health promotion behavior, the highest score was in the category of safety. Conclusion: Providing information by nurses is necessary to promote health promotion behavior for mothers of children in early childhood. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to develop effective programs for these mothers who want to promote good health promotion behavior in their children.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.253-271
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• 2011

본 연구는 영아기와 걸음마기 유아를 자녀로 둔 어머니의 양육행동에 대한 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육효능감의 직 간접적 영향을 경로분석을 통하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 부산시, 대구시, 대전시의 영아기와 걸음마기 유아의 어머니 232명이며 어머니의 양육행동 척도, 양육효능감 척도, 유아의 기질 척도가 사용되었다. 예비조사를 거쳐 본 조사가 실시되었으며 수집된 자료는 척도의 신뢰도를 산출하고 요인분석을 통하여 타당도를 검증한 후 연구문제에 따라 적률상관분석과 구조방정식 모형 분석을 통하여 분석되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 애정 및 허용 방임적 양육행동에 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육효능감은 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 기질은 어머니의 양육효능감을 매개로 하여 간접적인 영향도 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 비하여 어머니의 권위주의적 통제 양육행동에 어머니의 양육효능감은 직접적인 영향을 미치며 유아의 기질은 어머니의 양육효능감을 매개로 하여 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 애정과 허용 방임 양육행동의 경우 유아의 기질이, 권위주의적 통제 양육행동의 경우 어머니의 양육효능감이 가장 큰 인과효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과로써 어머니의 양육효능감은 어머니의 애정 및 권위주의적 통제 및 허용 방임 양육행동에 대한 직접적인 효과가 있으며 유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육행동 간에 매개역할도 함을 알 수 있다. 또한 유아의 기질은 어머니의 애정 및 허용 방임 양육행동에 직접적인 효과가 있다. 그리고 어머니의 애정 및 허용 방임 양육행동의 경우 유아의 기질이 권위주적 통제 양육행동의 경우 어머니의 양육효능감이 더 중요한 예측변인임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2001

This research was performed to examine the ratio of blindness to the child care environment and compare the evaluation of it among principals, teachers and mothers. Data were collected from questionnaires completed by respondents of this research were 37 principals, 37 teachers and 261 mothers of infants and toddlers at child care centers in Incheon, Korea. Cross tabulation, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were utilized to analyze the data. In almost all of the items about the child care environment, mothers showed higher degrees of blindness than principals and teachers. In most of the items, mothers'evaluations were higher than those of principals and teachers. As a result, the researchers recognize a pressing need far programs far parents to improve the quality of child care.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.115-143
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine underlying types of developmental trajectories of adaptation to child care among infants and toddlers. This study also aimed to identify latent classes in their child care adaptation types in order to find predictors that account for individual differences. Methods: Participants were 420 mothers of infants and toddlers and 123 teachers. The levels of child care adaptation of participating infants and toddlers were rated monthly from early April to June, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling, latent class analysis and multinominal logistic analysis. Results: The results of growth trajectories of child care adaptation showed there were two to four latent groups by dimension of child care adaptation. Also, the groups of individual dimensions of child care adaptation were classified into three latent classes, which were 'complying and positive group', 'negative group', and 'individualized group. Multinominal logistic analysis revealed that children's age, gender, and temperament differentiated the three latent classes of adaptation to child care. Conclusion/Implications: The results show individual characteristics that infants and toddlers possess should be prudently considered in order for successful adaptation to child care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess degree of health promotion behavior for infants & toddlers. Method: The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire that was given to 20 mothers of infants & toddlers second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a test with a sample of 262 families. Results: The final tool to measure the health promotion behavior consisted of 35 items and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .884. Using factor analysis, a 7 factor solution explained 45.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: This tool can be effectively utilized for child health care.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1999

Maternal sensitivity and infant temperament were studied in relation to infant attachment security. Subjects were 47 one-year-old infants anti their mothers from intact upper-middle class families. Mothers sorted the Attachment Q-set (Waters, 1987, version 3.0) and filled out the Toddlers Temperament Questionnaire(Chu, 1992). Maternal sensitivity was observed in the home for two 3-hour sessions, and observers completed the Maternal Behavior Q-set(Pederson, Moran et al., 1990). Attachment security scores of the infants, using criterion scores developed with Korean infants, were 42, which is comparable to Previous studies. Infants who were securely attached to mothers showed more secure-based behaviors and compliance, enjoyed physical contacts, and showed less fussy/difficult behaviors with mothers. Mothers of girls were observed to be more sensitive to their infants' signals than mothers of boys. Maternal sensitivity scores were not related to infant security scores. However, maternal sensitivity was related to less compliance to mothers for boys.