• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2004

Resource procurement is an important management area because cost of resource covers 40％ of total construction project cost and resource delivery has direct relationship with project performance. Integration of cost provides various potentials for effective and efficient project control. This study investigates the usefulness of time in resource procurement management focused on materials. These days, construction projects have characterized manufacture because of industrialization and component. Therefore, application of systematic resource planning has been requested in the construction. There are many companies conducting procurement of resource on the web by applying MRP, ERP etc. in the construction. However, in applying them in the construction yet, there is obstruction. MRP has the character doing its function under accurate cost prediction of resource. But prediction of resource is difficult in industry mechanism of the construction. If accurate cost prediction of resource is possible in the construction, it will be expected to reduce cost of procurement of resource substantially by applying successful resource planning model in the manufacture. On the basis of recent current, the purpose of study is to present procurement of resource system that period observance of construction and minimization of stock is possible by reflecting accurate lead-time to apply proactive thought to be able to cope with alteration of construction schedule efficiently in analyzing resource planning of the construction site.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 2014

Despite the enormous technical and economic efforts to improve environmental conditions, currently about 40% of the global population (or 2 billion people) are still lack access to safe water supply and adequate sanitation facilities. Pollution problems and transmission of water- related diseases will continue to proliferate. The rapid population growth and industrialization will lead to a reduction of arable land, thus exacerbating the food shortage problems and threatening environmental sustainability. Natural systems in this context are a transdisciplinary approach which employs the activities of microbes, soil and/or plants in waste stabilisation and resource recovery without the aid of mechanical or energy-intensive equipments. Examples of these natural systems are: waste stabilisation ponds, aquatic weed ponds, constructed wetlands and land treatment processes. Although they require relatively large land areas, the natural systems could achieve a high degree of waste stabilisation and at the same time, yield potentials for waste recycling through the production of algal protein, fish, crops, and plant biomass. Because of the complex interactions occurring in the natural systems, the existing design procedures are based mainly on empirical or field experience approaches. An integrated kinetic model encompassing the activities of both suspended and biofilm bacteria and some important engineering parameters has been developed which could predict the organic matter degradation in the natural systems satisfactorily.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

Purpose - As the market economy deepens, the issue of social equity caused by income distribution becomes more and more significant. Therefore, this paper attempts to exploit the determinants of income distribution in terms of macroeconomics. Research design, data, and methodology - The data set from 1990 to 2017 will be used to conduct an empirical analysis under a menu of econometric approaches such as vector autoregressive model and impulse response function. The income distribution and other macroeconomic variables such as foreign direct investment and employment will be used to conduct an empirical analysis to explore the determinants of income distribution in terms of macroeconomics. Results - The findings indicate that the income distribution is related with macroeconomics. More specifically, the export, import, GDP and foreign direct investment play a role in deteriorating the income distribution. Conversely, the industrialization, inflation and employment can improve the income distribution. Unfortunately, the inflation and employment do not get through under 5% significant test. Conclusions - Due to that a good income distribution can be beneficial for both a country and an individual, this paper provides a new scope for China's government to improve its income distribution in terms of macroeconomics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1204-1211
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• 2019

Fungal exopolysaccharides are important natural products having diverse biological functions. In this study, exopolysaccharides from Fomitopsis castanea mycelia (FEPS) were prepared, and the highest mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found. FEPS were prepared from cultivation broth by ethanol precipitation method. The extraction yield and protein concentration of FEPS were 213.1 mg/l and 0.03%, respectively. FEPS inhibited mushroom tyrosinase with the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 16.5 mg/ml and dose-dependently inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity (63.9% at $50{\mu}g/ml$, and 83.3% at $100{\mu}g/ml$) in the cell-free extract of SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$)-stimulated melanin formation in intact SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell. The $IC_{50}$ of FEPS against NO production from RAW264.7 macrophage cells was $42.8{\pm}0.64{\mu}g/ml$. By in vivo study using a zebrafish model, exposure of FEPS at $400{\mu}g/ml$ to dechorionated zebrafish embryos for 18 h decreased the pigment density, compared to that without FEPS-treated control.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.231-248
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• 2022

Hybrid Steel-Trussed Concrete Beam (HSTCB) is structural typology suitable for light industrialization. HSTCBs usually cover long span with small depths, which lead to significant amount of longitudinal rebars. The latter make beam-column joints more prone to damage due to earthquake-induced cyclic actions. This phenomenon can be avoided using friction-based BCCs. Friction devices at Beam-to-Column Connections (BCCs) have become promising solutions to reduce the damage experienced by structural members during severe earthquakes. Few solutions have been developed for cast-in-place Reinforced Concrete (RC) and steel-concrete composite Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs), because of the difficulty of designing cost-effective damage-proof connections. This paper proposes a friction-based BCC for RC MRFs made with HSTCBs. Firstly, the proposed connection is described, and its innovative characteristics are emphasized. Secondly, the design method of the connection is outlined. A detailed 3D FE model representative of a beam-column joint fitted with the proposed connection is developed. Several monotonic and cyclic analyses are performed, investigating different design moment values. Lastly, the numerical results are discussed, which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution in preventing damage to RC members, and in ensuring satisfactory dissipative capacity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2024

Due to industrialization, a trace amount of residues of pharmaceuticals and personal hygiene products (PPCPs) flows into the ecosystem, polluting the ecosystem. In particular, it was intended to remove trace pollutants flowing into the effluent due to the increase in the amount of acetaminophen detected after COVID 19. To conduct this experiment, selected 6 media which are suitable for construcgted wetland and isothermal adsorption experiments. Langmuir equation and the Freundlich equation were used to calculate the maximum removal rate of acetaminophen. Among them, the Freundlich equation showed a higher result value of 0.9823. It was applied when forming constructed wetlands in urban areas to model the reduction rate of acetaminophen in wetlands.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.110-121
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• 2021

The importance of tidal flats lost due to industrialization has recently received attention, and attention is being paid to the creation of artificial tidal flats and maintenance of natural tidal flats. However, there is still a lack of understanding about the behavioral characteristics of mud, mud, and sand that form tidal flats. Although research on the movement characteristics of mixed soils such as tidal flats has been conducted through field investigations and hydraulic experiments, interest in developing a numerical model based on these results has not yet reached. In this paper, the purpose of this paper is to establish a mixed soil model that can efficiently manage the low quality of the tidal flats. In constructing a model for reproducing the surface movement of mixed soil, the numerical stability of the reproduction and movement of sand and mud constituting the mixed soil in the numerical model should be considered first, so first, the volume of sand and mud constituting the mixed soil A mixed soil model representing the relationship was proposed based on a topographical diagram representing the geometric structure of the mixed soil. In order to consider the dry bulk density of the mixed soil, it was possible to consider the dry bulk density of the mud by introducing the water content of the mud containing water. In addition, it was confirmed that the mud and sand movement calculation according to the slope collapse of the mixed soil was stably performed through the calculation of the slope collapse of the mixed soil through the numerical analysis model to which the proposed mixed soil model was applied.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1126-1139
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• 2014

World is experiencing abnormal weather caused by urbanization and industrialization increasing greenhouse gas and one of these phenomenon domestically happening is flood and drought. The increase of green-house gases is due to urbanization and industrialization acceleration which are causing abnormal climate changes such as the El Nino and a La Nina phenomenon. It is expected that there will be many difficulties in water management, especially considering the topography and seasonal circumstances in Korea. Unlike in the past, a variety of water conservation initiatives have been undertaken like the river-management flow and water capacity expansion projects. To meet the increasing demand for water resources, new environmentally-friendly small and medium-sized dams have been built. Therefore, the development of a new paradigm for water resources management is essential. This study shows that additional security is needed for potential water resources through diversion tunnels and is very important to consider for future water supplies and situations. Using RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 in representative concentration pathway climate change scenario, specific hydrologic data of study basin was produced to analyze past observed basin rainfall tendency which showed both scenario 5%~9% range increase in rainfall. Through sensitivity analysis using objective function, population in highest goodness was 1000 and cross rate was 80%. In conclusion, it is expected that the results from this study will help to make long-term and stable water supply plans by using the potential water resource evaluation model which was applied in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2007

Recently, industrialization of a country is accelerated and request of society infrastructure is raised so national land development is activity view. Accordingly, the search for a wide-ranging buried heritage do acted in large construction region. Because the buried heritage get buried in land that it is necessary to the precision search and research for a record and a preservation. Until now, Surveying techniques of a historic site have made status map, profile and cross section map through leveling survey, total-station survey and sketch of specialist. So, to solve problems existing relic survey or drawing making method have using digital camera these researches rapidly and economically obtain stereo image of object and present a technique that constructs 3D image model for digital photogrammetry method. Also, these researches construct 3D image model for record and preservation of a historic site through site test and in 3D and graphical express a historic site and support works that produce other maps if we need it. offer base data of GIS (Geographic Information System) to collect and analyze overall, information of a historic site.