• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.41-50
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• 2006

It is generally regarded a design system in post-industrial society, which products designed by in-house designers or design consultancy are manufactured in factory and distributed in market for the consumer. Although it is treated an old design system in traditional society, the traces of vernacular design has been remaining in the state of adopted to the periodical needs in these days, also proving the attribute of design culture to constitute human's material environment as well as existing design systems. There were discovered various design artifacts in daily surroundings vary from the established design in several manners, user modifications or manufactures in everyday lives formalized them. It was approached a case study that analyze the changes of artifact configuration and designer/user context and creation process of the non-professional design artifacts, Creativity Template Theory and ACM(Artifact Context Model) have been utilized for the analysis model. From the analysis result, It assume that the everyday artifacts may be ordinary but extra-ordinary including particular ideas and identity represented by everyday designers or users. Beside these characteristics induce the potentiality that reflect on creative motives for the designers or a complementary artifact generator filling up with drawbacks in established design system. The everyday design domain, various explorations and alternatives are made, is seems to be another design practice domain dissimilar to the one in the industry-based design. Moreover it provides an more easily accessability for the approaching user-friendly design, user customization because they conduct the reliable modeling of consumer and end-user. Finally, based on the exploratory study regarding interpretation of context and configuration in the everyday artifacts, new approach for the design process and design education through more detailed cognitive modeling of everyday designers will be a further study.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.78
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• pp.93-117
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• 2018

In all countries of the world, the development of trade is an important factor for the survival of the national economy. Increased export will lead to national economic growth. Export is directly linked to employment, and the industrial structure will be developed in the direction to produce products of comparative advantages. Therefore, every country around the world is trying to promote export regardless of the size of its economy. Accordingly, this paper focused on the promotion of export of domestic companies. It proposed to cultivate trade experts to promote export of domestic companies. The following five methods were proposed to materialize the proposal. First, it is important to foster trade experts to expand and foster the one-person creative companies. In particular, it is important to develop a professional education curriculum. It is necessary to design and conduct a systematic curriculum throughout the process including follow-up after education such as teaching detailed procedures for establishing a trade business, identification of relevant regulations and related organizations, understanding of special features of each exporting country, and details of exporting procedures through specialist training for the individual industries, helping themto keep their network steady so that they can easily get help from consultants. Second, it is necessary to educate traders working in the field to make them trade experts and utilize themin on-the-job training and consulting. To do this, it is necessary to introduce systematic consultant selection process, and to introduce a systemto educate and manage them. It is because, we must select the most appropriate candidates, educate themto be lecturers and consultants, and dispatch themto the field, in order to make the best achievement in export. Nurturing trading professionals utilizing the current trading workers to activate export of domestic companies can be more efficient through cooperation of trading education agencies and related agencies in various industries. Third, it is also proposed to cultivate female trade experts by educating female trade workers whose career has been disrupted. It is to provide career disrupted women with opportunities to work after training them as trade professionals and to give manpower pool to domestic companies that are preparing for export. Fourth, it is also proposed to educate foreign students living in Korea to be trading experts and to utilize them as trading infra. They can be trading professionals who will contribute to the promotion of export. In the short term, they will be provided with opportunities for employment and start-upin the field of trade, and in the mid- to long-term, they may develop a business network between Korea and their own countries. To this end, we need to improve the visa system, expand free trade education opportunities, and support them so that they can establish small but strong enterprises. Fifth, it is proposed to proactively expand trade education to specialized high school students. Considering that most of domestic companies pursuing activation of export are small but strong companies or small and mediumsized companies, they may prefer high school graduates rather than university graduates because of financial limitations. Besides, the specialized high school students may occupy better position in the job market if they are equipped with expertise in trading. This study can be meaningful, in that it is the first research that focuses on cultivating trading experts to contribute to the export activation of domestic companies. However, it also has a limitation that it has failed to reflect the more specific field voices. It is hoped that detailed plans will be derived from the opinions of the employees of domestic companies making efforts to become an export company in the related researches in the future.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.314-319
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• 2007

The destruction of synthetic acetic acid wastewater was carried out using UV, $O_3$, $H_2O_2$, $Fe^{2+}$ oxidants in various combinations by the advanced oxidation processes. $UV/H_2O_2$, $UV/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$, $O_3$, $O_3/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ processes were tested. $UV/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$, $O_3/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ processes shows the most effective destruction efficiency at low pH (3.5) condition of wastewater, but $UV/H_2O_2$ and $O_3$ processes were observed less than 20%. Destruction efficiency was gradually increased with the reaction time in the $O_3/H_2O_2$ and $UV/O_3/H_2O_2$ processes, in case of the $UV/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ and $UV/O_3/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ processes shows rapid increasing of destruction efficiency within 90 min, then slightly decreasing with time. The destruction efficiencies of $UV/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$, $O_3/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3/H_2O_2$ and $UV/O_3/H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ processes were observed 55, 66, 66 and 64%, respectively.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.48-68
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify the NCS-related research trends, Keywords, the Keywords Networks and the extension of the Keywords using the sementic network analysis and to seek for the development plans about NCS. For this, the study searched 345 the papers, with the National Competency Standards or NCS as a key word, among master's theses, dissertations and scholarly journals that RISS provides, and selected a total of 345 papers. Annual frequency analysis of the selected papers was carried out, and Semantic Network Analysis was carried out for 68 key words which can be seen as key terms of the terms shown by the subject. The method of analysis were KrKwic software, UCINET6.0 and NetDraw. The study results were as follows: First, NCS-related research increased gradually after starting in 2002, and has been accomplishing a significant growth since 2014. Second, as a result of analysis of keyword network, 'NCS, development, curriculum, analysis, application, job, university, education,' etc. appeared as priority key words. Third, as a result of sub-cluster analysis of NCS-related research, it was classified into four clusters, which could be seen as a research related to a specific strategy for realization of NCS's purpose, an exploratory research on improvement in core competency and exploration of college students' possibility related to employment using NCS, an operational research for junior college-centered curriculum and reorganization of the specialized subject, and an analysis of demand and perception of a high school-level vocational education curriculum. Fourth, the connection forming process among key words of domestic study results about NCS was expanding in the form of 'job${\rightarrow}$job ability${\rightarrow}$NCS${\rightarrow}$education${\rightarrow}$process, curriculum${\rightarrow}$development, university${\rightarrow}$analysis, utilization${\rightarrow}$qualification, application, improvement${\rightarrow}$plan, operation, industry${\rightarrow}$design${\rightarrow}$evaluation.'

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-87
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• 2004

To create and maintain comparative supremacy as a strategic tool of business, many organizations have introduced informational technology and system. By using this system, Some companies got a beneficial value for achieving organizational goals but others could not obtain their effectiveness and efficiency. In particular, a lot of organizations that tried to make strategic supremacy with e-commercial trade are under hard condition because of poor profit. It implies that it is essential to identify and analyse the consumer who uses e-commercial trade. This paper, therefore, focusing on internet shopping malls between business and consumer as one of areas of e-commercial trades, shows the difference between consumer expectation and performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, as for the significant difference of influencing factors to consumer satisfactions according to the types of internet shopping malls, there is a meaningful difference in consumer anxiety and internet usefulness, but not in consumer service. Prior to verify the differences in detail on consumer's anxiety and internet usefulness, we examined that there is any difference between expectation and performance. T-test was used for the variants of consumer anxiety and internet usefulness, and its meaningful probability was 0.000, which means that both showed statistically significant difference. Based on the results, we also found that regardless of the types of internet shopping malls, consumer expectation was greater than performance. although the difference between expectation and performance was not equal according to the internet shopping malls. Second, a regression analysis was performed to understand the relation between consumer service, internet usefulness, consumer anxiety, and consumer satisfaction, it was found that consumer service, internet usefulness, consumer anxiety had significantly effected on consumer satisfaction. Third, To verify the relation between consumer satisfaction and repurchase-intentions, intentions to spread out, Pearson correlation analysis was used. it was found that consumer satisfaction had positive effect on both intentions. This study has some limitations because of the shorts of money and time. since the sample of this study was consumers who have ever bought one or more products via internet shopping mall, this sample was appropriate. but the major parts of sample were college students, and the sample size was so small. therefore this results should carefully be generalized. For further study, it is required to select more precise samples and to include more variables.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

This study was conducted on greenhouses whose side heights had been raised after the columns of 1-2W basic type greenhouses had been cut and welding with the same-sized pipes. When the wind load or snow load affects restructured pipe greenhouse like this, those parts will be structurally unsafe. To examine this, the bending strength of welded columns were measured through four stages and compared with the pipes in their original condition. Results are as follows. In the case of a bending test on welded joints about steel pipes used for greenhouses, satisfactory results couldn't be drawn because sections of both ends and the loading parts couldn't endure loads and sank regardless of loading methods. Partial problems could be solved by inserting inside pipe(steel bar) at the sections and the loading parts, but it was necessary to devise more satisfactory bending test methods. The strength of welded joints wasn't much different compared with original conditions and demonstrated only slight differences according to the sample production conditions. However, significant incompleteness in the welding process was expected to cause a decisive loss in strength. On the assumption that there were no problems in the welding process or with regard to the inclination of sub materials for columns after connection, it was deemed reasonable to assume that the strength of welded pipes was about 84~90% of the strength of the pipes in their original condition. Considering mid- and long-term strength decline following the onset of rust at joints or welding sections, structural changes in the main sub materials that are used for greenhouses at farmhouses have to be avoided to ensure structural safety, unless these changes are inevitable.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2010

In this study, various active functional components in Chinese Quince were extracted by solvent extraction method. A central composit design for optimization was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables such as solvent to sample ratio ($X_{1}$), extraction temperature ($X_{2}$), and extraction time ($X_{3}$) on the soluble solid contents ($Y_{1}$), total phenols ($Y_{2}$), electron donating ability ($Y_{3}$), browning color ($Y_{4}$) and reducing sugar contents ($Y_{5}$). It was found that extraction temperature and extraction time were the main effective factors in this extraction process. The maximum soluble solid contents of 35.77% was obtained at 26.38 mL/g ($X_{1}$), 72.82$^{\circ}C$ ($X_{2}$) and 74.86 min ($X_{3}$) in saddle point. Total phenols were rarely affected by solvent ratio and extraction time, but it was affected by extraction temperature. The maximum total phenols of 20.70% was obtained at 22.61 mL/g ($X_{1}$), 84.49$^{\circ}C$ ($X_{2}$), 77.25 min ($X_{3}$) in saddle point. The electron donating ability was affected by extraction time. The maximum electron donating ability of 94.12% was obtained at 10.65 mL/g ($X_{1}$), 67.78$^{\circ}C$ ($X_{2}$), 96.75 min ($X_{3}$) in saddle point. The maximum browning color of 0.32% was obtained at 23.77 mL/g ($X_{1}$), 87.27$^{\circ}C$ ($X_{2}$), 96.68 min ($X_{3}$) in saddle point. The maximum value of reducing sugar content of 10.55% was obtained at 26.83 mL/g ($X_{1}$), 82.167$^{\circ}C$ ($X_{2}$), 81.94 min ($X_{3}$). Reducing sugar content was affected by extraction time.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of 27.12 MHz radio frequency (RF) heating on heat transfer phenomena during the thawing process of frozen food. To determine the velocity of the RF thawing machine, samples were frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ and subjected to different power treatments. The phase change times (-5 to $0^{\circ}C$) of frozen radish were 30, 26, 13, and 8 min; those of pork sirloin were 38, 25, 11, and 5 min; those of rump were 23, 17, 11, and 6 min; those of chicken breast were 42, 29, 13, and 9 min; and those of tuna were 25, 23, 10, and 5 min at 50, 100, 200, and 400 W, respectively. The heating limit temperatures of the radish, pork sirloin, rump, chicken breast, and tuna samples were 19.5, 9.2, 21.8, 8.8, and $16.8^{\circ}C$ at 50 W; 23.5, 15.5, 27.3, 12.3, and $19^{\circ}C$ at 100 W; 42, 26.9, 45.7, 22.1, and $39.4^{\circ}C$ at 200 W; and 48.5, 54.7, 63.6, 57.3, and $44.9^{\circ}C$ at 400 W. These results suggest that high-power RF improves thawing velocity and heating limit temperatures, and that an improvement on the operation of the RF thawing machine, according to food temperatures, is needed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2019

Development of technologies in artificial intelligence has been rapidly increasing with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and researches related to AI have been actively conducted in a variety of fields such as autonomous vehicles, natural language processing, and robotics. These researches have been focused on solving cognitive problems such as learning and problem solving related to human intelligence from the 1950s. The field of artificial intelligence has achieved more technological advance than ever, due to recent interest in technology and research on various algorithms. The knowledge-based system is a sub-domain of artificial intelligence, and it aims to enable artificial intelligence agents to make decisions by using machine-readable and processible knowledge constructed from complex and informal human knowledge and rules in various fields. A knowledge base is used to optimize information collection, organization, and retrieval, and recently it is used with statistical artificial intelligence such as machine learning. Recently, the purpose of the knowledge base is to express, publish, and share knowledge on the web by describing and connecting web resources such as pages and data. These knowledge bases are used for intelligent processing in various fields of artificial intelligence such as question answering system of the smart speaker. However, building a useful knowledge base is a time-consuming task and still requires a lot of effort of the experts. In recent years, many kinds of research and technologies of knowledge based artificial intelligence use DBpedia that is one of the biggest knowledge base aiming to extract structured content from the various information of Wikipedia. DBpedia contains various information extracted from Wikipedia such as a title, categories, and links, but the most useful knowledge is from infobox of Wikipedia that presents a summary of some unifying aspect created by users. These knowledge are created by the mapping rule between infobox structures and DBpedia ontology schema defined in DBpedia Extraction Framework. In this way, DBpedia can expect high reliability in terms of accuracy of knowledge by using the method of generating knowledge from semi-structured infobox data created by users. However, since only about 50% of all wiki pages contain infobox in Korean Wikipedia, DBpedia has limitations in term of knowledge scalability. This paper proposes a method to extract knowledge from text documents according to the ontology schema using machine learning. In order to demonstrate the appropriateness of this method, we explain a knowledge extraction model according to the DBpedia ontology schema by learning Wikipedia infoboxes. Our knowledge extraction model consists of three steps, document classification as ontology classes, proper sentence classification to extract triples, and value selection and transformation into RDF triple structure. The structure of Wikipedia infobox are defined as infobox templates that provide standardized information across related articles, and DBpedia ontology schema can be mapped these infobox templates. Based on these mapping relations, we classify the input document according to infobox categories which means ontology classes. After determining the classification of the input document, we classify the appropriate sentence according to attributes belonging to the classification. Finally, we extract knowledge from sentences that are classified as appropriate, and we convert knowledge into a form of triples. In order to train models, we generated training data set from Wikipedia dump using a method to add BIO tags to sentences, so we trained about 200 classes and about 2,500 relations for extracting knowledge. Furthermore, we evaluated comparative experiments of CRF and Bi-LSTM-CRF for the knowledge extraction process. Through this proposed process, it is possible to utilize structured knowledge by extracting knowledge according to the ontology schema from text documents. In addition, this methodology can significantly reduce the effort of the experts to construct instances according to the ontology schema.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.105-119
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• 2021

The innovation cluster is formed by cooperation and networking among a number of actors, including companies, universities, research institutes, government and other supporting organizations, but the main subject of innovation in the venture ecosystem, which can be said to be the core of the innovation cluster, is the enterprise. Therefore, enterprises in innovation cluster can be seen as a major user of the innovation cluster policy. In order for the policy to be executed smoothly, policy acceptance is important. However, existing research on policy prioritization tends to be centered on policy providers, so it is necessary to check them from the perspective of policy users. Accordingly, this study conducted discussions from a two-way perspective to establish the correct policy direction through a balanced perspective between a policy provider-centered top-down perspective and a policy user's bottom-up perspective. First, the factors for activating the innovation cluster (three factors in the first level and 14 factors in the second level) were derived through prior research and expert interviews. After that, the importance of the factors for activating the innovation cluster was analyzed using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the policy provider group and the user group in the Daedeok Innopolis, a representative case of innovation cluster policy. As a result of analyzing the importance of the innovation cluster activation factors from the perspectives of policy providers and users, some similarities were also seen, but overall differences in mutual perception were found. It was found that the policy provider group focused on innovation creation factors, while the policy user group viewed innovation creation, clusters, and industrial location factors from a more balanced perspective. This study is meaningful in that it deals with both perspectives in a balanced way by expanding the targets from the existing policy provider-centered research to policy users. In addition, practical contributions exist in the aspect of providing basic data so that policies can be carried out based on corporate needs in fostering innovation clusters.