• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1343-1347
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• 2009

In order to comply with the global energy crisis and environment problem, it is necessary to research and develop the energy utilization technology with the reduction of the primary energy usage. Although the increasing rate of energy consumption started to attenuate, the entire consumption of energy as well as $CO_2$ emission rate tends to increase steadily along with an economic growth in Korea. The energy demand in Korea increases by annual 3.7% during the period from 2000 to 2006. And it is expected that we should take a charge of the greenhouse gas reduction obligation by the Climatic Change Convention(Kyoto Protocol) during the 2nd pledge period($2013{\sim}2017$). According to the IEA report in 2005, the emission amount of carbon dioxide is the 10th place in the world, and the increasing rate is 4.7% annually. Considering the economic scale of Korea, the degradation of energy usage is inevitable when the greenhouse gas reduction obligation come into effect. Therefore, effective energy usage is a very important issue to minimize baneful influence on industrial and economic activities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Electric energy is indispensible of the development of the industrial and living sector. Among the energy sectors, the building area shares 20% of the produced electric power in Korea. As we plan to supply the apartment, we need to forecast the required amount of the electric energy and supply the infrastructure to apartment for the lighting, cooling. Nonetheless, it is not easy to forecast the required amount of the electric energy, considering the management aspect, building physical aspect and social-geographic aspect. In this paper, it studied the estimation model of the electric energy, reflecting the affecting variables such as total area, number of household, geography and so on. The estimation model is proposed in 3-types which explained in central heating, individual heating and district heating, and each type have two estimation model, reflecting the affecting variable and corelation between variables to eliminate the muticolinearity. The unit of electric energy consumption per area and year is similar in three heating type and the results are as follows; the central heating is $34.446kWh/yr{\cdot}m^2$, individual type is $35.756446kWh/yr{\cdot}m^2$ and district heating is $34.285446kWh/yr{\cdot}m^2$.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.645-657
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• 2021

Along with the rapid development of the economy, the urban scale has extended rapidly, leading to the formation of different types of urban function districts (UFDs), such as central business, residential and industrial districts. Recognizing the spatial distributions of these districts is of great significance to manage the evolving role of urban planning and further help in developing reliable urban planning programs. In this paper, we propose an automatic UFD division method based on big data analysis of point of interest (POI) data. Considering that the distribution of POI data is unbalanced in a geographic space, a dichotomy-based data retrieval method was used to improve the efficiency of the data crawling process. Further, a POI spatial feature analysis method based on the mean shift algorithm is proposed, where data points with similar attributive characteristics are clustered to form the function districts. The proposed method was thoroughly tested in an actual urban case scenario and the results show its superior performance. Further, the suitability of fit to practical situations reaches 88.4%, demonstrating a reasonable UFD division result.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.145-156
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• 2018

This study explores changes of industrial scales and building activities in the semi-industrial area of Seoul's Seong-su, responding to the shifts of industrial structures and policies in the Korean society. The purpose of this study is to investigate patterns of construction activities of factory buildings in the Seong-su semi-industrial area by analyzing changes in industrial facilities. As a result of the analysis, the change of the factory building area come out from the recent survey implies the possibility of entrepreneurial inflow as much and the new constructions and some remodeling cases which are characterized by complexity seem to correspond to the industrial structure. However, it is unreasonable to believe that this phenomenon is a mainstream movement involving small-scale factory buildings and companies. This is because there are aspects that are not included in this movement, such as changing the use of buildings without accompanying physical changes. On the other hand, compared to various movements of individual companies in response to the industrial structure, the physical plan suggests a limited alternative centering on the floor area ratio and the building area ratio. This means that the efforts to attract and grow the power of knowledge based-industry through the designation of the Industrial Development Promotion District in part of the case sites, overlook the natural change through remodeling and reuse of existing buildings. In addition, considering the fact that the production space of industrial use can be greatly influenced by the behavior of users compared to general buildings such as residential and commercial, it is necessary to pay attention to various phenomena occurring in the area more locally than the uniform supply policy. Based on these findings, this study contributes to illuminate the legal system related to building act in the Seong-su semi-industrial area and the potential direction of architectural suggestions in related policies and researches.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate hospice care awareness, user satisfaction with intensive care unit facilities and the difference in hospice care awareness level. A survey of 160 people including the intensive care patients in capital district areas and their family members was conducted from March $10^{th}$ until $July31^{st}$ of 2013. As an analytical method, the SPSSWIN18.0 program was used and the sample size followed Cohen's sample extracting formula of G*Power 3.1, an analytical program for test power. The mean, standard deviation and regression analysis have been statistically carried out. The results indicate that the care awareness of hospices have meaningful relations with age, religion and marital status. As for the satisfaction level with hospices, the facilities in the countryside are preferred to those in the cities, and the hospice rooms with Korean floor heating system is preferred to rooms with bed. The implication of this study is expected to become a basic reference to the improvement of the hospice system, seen from the result of survey with highly favorable response for care units in hospices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.80-87
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• 2017

In the past, the United States has been engaged in large-scale urban development projects as a tool for urban regeneration to revitalize distressed urban areas. On the other hand, large-scale urban development projects have been stalled or discontinued globally since the 2008 economic crisis. Despite this, the Hudson Yard development, which is the subject of this study, has resumed smoothly due to the characteristics of its development structure and rational negotiation process. Most domestic developments depend on the economic circumstances, and the problems that are exposed in a privately led development are repeated; the Yongsan International Business District Development is a representative failure case. This study examined the characteristics of the business structure and the nature of the negotiation process in the Hudson Yard development project in New York City.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4614-4622
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• 2010

Urban Skyline is strongly influenced by high-rise buildings. It is changed and becoming over time and is formed by the human choice. This study does an analysis of the foreign urban skyline managements in three aspects: criteria and control, operation and deliberation, and citizen participation and inducement. It draws common characteristics of foreign cases; preparing rational and premeditated building height control in the aspect of district, transformation from height restrictions of individual building to height standards in the aspect of urban landscape, devising efficient design review and citizen participation methods, and administrative processing for an integrated building height management. It also suggests policy implications for preparing both comprehensive and systematic building height standards in the aspect of district to create a desirable city image and urban skyline.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between residential surroundings, such as a power plant, steel mill and petrochemical facilities, and urinary arsenic concentrations in Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea. Methods: Stratified by fish consumption and residential district, median and maximum block sampling was applied. A total of 346 spot urine samples were speciated for $As^{5+}$, $As^{3+}$, monomethylarsonic acid(MMA), dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB). Exposure assessment was based on questionnaires including data on sex, age, current tobacco use, fish consumption, type of water consumed, and occupational category. Results: Urinary $As^{5+}+As^{3+}+MMA+DMA$ concentrations of people living in the vicinity of a power plant ($GM=50.39{\mu}g/g$) were 61% higher than those of people living in the inland area according to median block sampling. Urinary $As^{5+}+As^{3+}+MMA+DMA+AsB$ concentrations of people living in the vicinity of industrial complex area were higher than those of people living in the inland area according to block sampling by median and maximum. Conclusion: Urinary arsenic concentrations of people living in vulnerable areas such as around industrial complexes, especially power plants, were higher than those of people living in an inland area.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1986

The authors carried out paralytic shellfish poison bioassay on the 9 kinds of shellfishes collected from Pusan and Kyungnam areas of Korea from April to July, 1986. The areas are the main producing district of fisheries in Korea and the samples were collected from their producing sites-natural, cultured and marketed. There were little or no PSP in the majority of the shellfishes, but 3 natural (Pusan Il-Kwang $700{\mu}g$, Koje Okpo $648{\mu}g$, Chungmoo Madong $124{\mu}g/100gm$ meat) and 1 marketed (Pusan Chakalchi $490{\mu}g/100gm$ meat) blue mussels contained relatively high PSP only in April. It is considered that there will be a possibility of paralytic shellfish poisoning, and control program for preventing the poisoning is necessary in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2012

Eco-efficiency considers both environmental impacts and economic values. It is a useful tool for communicating with stakeholders for business decision making. This study evaluated the eco-efficiency factor (EEF) for the energy network of a dyeing company that supplies surplus heat to a neighboring apartment during the night. This symbiosis network is one of the eco-industrial park (EIP) projects in Korea and aims to benefit local residents and the industrial complex by utilizing surplus heat. In this study, two categories were annualized. The first quantified environmental burden based on $CO_2$ emissions and quantified product value in terms of steam sales. The second used a variety of environmental factors, such as fossil fuel, water and waste, to quantify environmental burden and used steam sales to quantify value. The EEF of the symbiosis network was 1.6, using the global warming impact, and determined using the multiple variable, was 1.33. This study shows that the EEF depends on variable details of environmental burden but the values of this project were very high contrast to other business or EIP project.