• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1968

Epidemiological and statistical observations were made of fire hazards that occurred during the past 18 years, 1948 to 1965. Injury and mortality rates for all ages were computed chronologically. For the years of 1955, 1961 and 1965, all fire accidents were epidemiologically analysed to draw characteristic patterns in relation to the seasonal and 24 hour distribution, causes and sites of accidents etc.. Fire hazards observed herein are the categorys E 916 of the International Classification of Causes of Death, 1955, and includes all accidents caused by fire and explosion of combustible materials. The following conclusion was made: 1. The average number of annual deaths due to fire was 183 and the number of the in jured due to the same cause was 335. The mortality rate per 100,000 population was 0.8 and the ratio of injuries per death was 1.83. 2. The casually rate including both the dead and injured was 5.0 per 100,000 in Seoul, the highest among the provinces and followed by 3.4 in Cheju -Do, 2.1 in Kangwon-Do, 1.7 in Kyunggi-Do accordingly. The other provinces had a range of 0.6 to 1.2. 3. The monthly distribution of fro accidents showed that the winter months, December through February, had more frequent accidents, while the summer season, June through August had less. The 24 hour distribution of accidents showed more cases from 12:00 to 18:00 and less from 4:00 to 10:00 hours. 4. The per cent distribution of causes of accidents showed; 90.0% for careless, 10.0% for arson. The cause of carelessness was further breakdown into; 15.0% for kitchen fire places, 13.8% for fire playing, 9,4% for electrical heating and wires, 8.3% for fuels, 6.3% for matches, 5.2% for ash dumps and the remaining for others. 5. The accidents as classified by place revealed that 56.8% of the total occurred at the common dwelling houses, 11.3 at various industrial workshops, 9.3% at the street shops and the remaining at the miscellaneous places.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.541-549
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to examine patients who developed acute pesticide poisoning while spraying or using pesticide and presented to the emergency department in hospitals in Chungcheongnam-do Province. Based on the findings, this study will provide implications for safety and health management pertaining to the use of pesticides. Methods: Pesticide poisoning data collected by the Chungnam Center for Farmers' Safety and Health from 2014 to 2018 was cross-sectionally analyzed. A total of 331 patients with pesticide poisoning presented to one of hospitals and four of medical centers in the region(Dankuk University Hospital, Gongju and Hongsung, Cheongyang, Cheonan Medical Center). Seventeen of these patients (15 men and two women) developed poisoning while spraying pesticide. The patients' charts were reviewed to collect data on pesticide poisoning, namely currently working in farming-related occupation, means of transportation to the hospital, place of poisoning, symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning, treatment, pesticide used when poisoning occurred, and classification by technical ingredients. Results: Fifteen out of 17 patients who developed poisoning while spraying pesticide were men. Insecticide was used in 35.3% of the cases, and herbicide was used in 29.4% of the cases, which was different from cases of poisoning from ingestion poisoning. The major symptoms were vomiting (35.3%), nausea (29.4%), dizziness (29.4%), and headache (23.5%). A total 11 ingredients were identified in 12 patients, and the most common ingredient was glyphosate, which is an herbicide. Most patients showed a state of mild toxicity, but two patients showed a state of severe toxicity. These patients respectively used glyphosate and paraquat. Conclusions: Our findings can be useful for suggesting the need for a national healthcare system to manage occupational pesticide poisoning among farmers. Further, these findings can be used to increase the awareness of the risk of acute poisoning during pesticide spraying and suggest the need for a safety health education to increase farmers' awareness of pesticide poisoning.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.189-224
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• 2015

To meet sectoral emission target by 2020 and prepare for the emission trading scheme from 2015, decomposition analysis of energy consumption and GHG emission is required by 18 subsectors in industry sector where emission targets are established. Log Mean Divisia Index decomposition method was used to analyze factors' effects on energy and emission in the industry sector and by 18 subsectors from 2004 to 2011. Industrial energy consumption was increased due to the production effect and energy intensity effect. However structure effect contributes to the decrease of energy consumption. In terms of emissions (including indirect emission due to electricity consumption) in the industry sector, only structure effect contributed to the emission reduction. Factors' effects by subsectors were different. Cement industry, which is included at Nonmetal shows different results from those of Nonmetal industry and machinery industry, which is a subsector of Fabricated Metal, was also similar. In this regard, we should not apply the policy implications from decomposition analysis of aggregated industry such as Nonmetal or Fabricated Metal to its subsectors uniformly and develop a differentiated policy for each subsector industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2017

We selected 81 universities (39.1%) for research and close analysis to analyze the current availability of courses in the field of clothing construction at four-year domestic universities. The results of the analysis shows that curriculum is currently composed of theoretical and practical courses that continue to be developed in diverse areas of study. Despite having classes with underlying similarities and differences, research shows that the course curriculum is constructed systematically with both theory and practice at each stage. Distribution of curriculum in the field of clothing construction were organized and analyzed by similar courses in 4 larger groupings and 9 sub-groups. Analysis of the large groupings showed that sewing courses (19.8%), pattern development courses (41.0%), advanced sewing courses (14.1%), and miscellaneous courses (26.1%) were established. Analysis of the sub-groups showed that basic theory and sewing courses (3.6%), sewing courses (16.1%), flat pattern courses (17.9%), draping pattern courses (14.6%), pattern CAD courses (7.3%), tailoring and advanced sewing courses (8.5%), scientific sewing and apparel production processing courses (1.4%), special sewing courses (3.9%), and miscellaneous and new subject courses (26.1%) were established. Overall analysis of the organization distribution was conducted in the order of pattern development (39.9%), miscellaneous & new subject (26.1%), basic theory and sewing (19.8%), and advanced sewing (14.0%). Field analysis from various angles indicates that pattern development, new subject courses, and miscellaneous courses had a relatively higher proportion than other major courses. From this it can be inferred that this trend is an effort to develop individuals to adapt to a rapidly changing fashion industry and environment. The composition of courses also shows great advancement towards diversification and course development. However, there is still insufficient exchange between industrial and education sites. As active exchange continue to be demanded, classification standards for new subject courses and titles of such studies have become unclear and have reached limitations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1997

This study tried to categorize the types of mountain-village areas in terms of some key variables representing the socio-economic and natural characteristics in order to provide basic information for policy formation of mountain areas. Cross-sectional data of the year 1990 for 900 sub-counties were collected to analyse the characteristics of mountain-village areas. Eleven variables were selected to classify the types of sub-county levels. According to the results of the study, the socio-economic conditions of mountain-village areas represented by the number of corporations, number of non-farming households, and population density of mountain-village areas were found to be inferior to other parts of the nation while the proportion of forest land, share of non-paddy crop fields, distance from cities, percentage of farming households, and elevation from the sea-level were higher to the other areas. By the principal factor analysis, the key variables representing industrial development, mountain-ousness, and accessibility from near cities were selected. By a cluster analysis employing the selected variables, 5 different types of mountain-village areas were categorized.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.387-419
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• 2009

The concept of strategic group is defined as an aggregate of corporations utilizing similar strategies with similar resources. It becomes a kinds of contact point in the middle of corporation and industry between the industrial organization theory and the strategic management theory. This study tried to apply the strategic group model, which has been a main theory in the management studies, to program providing industry in Korea. This study shed lights upon research problems such as number of strategic groups, differences of strategic variables among the groups, finally differential performances according to strategic groups. 40 commercial broadcasting companies were analyzed to find answers. 9 strategic groups were drawn as a result of cluster analysis. Major variables which contribute to making groups were operating efficiency(4.05), pricing(3.83), size(number of system operator, 3.56), reliance on license revenue(2.58), horizontal integration(number of sister networks, 2.16) in order. An analysis of variance between performance variables has shown statistical significance regarding total net revenue per subscriber, however, insignificances statistically in regards to ratio of operating profit to net sales, cash Abstracts 687 flow ratio. Some studies in the past insisted that history variable played an important role to classifying strategic groups. However, this study found that the history didn't exert significant influence on either the group classification itself or performance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

Korea's trade balance in service showed surplus in 2012 on the basis of BPM5. This is recorded by 14 years since 1999. This owes to decrease of deficit in tourism balance, increase of surplus in construction and transportation, and shift from deficit to surplus, even in small portion, in personal cultural recreational services balance. While externally the global economic growth becomes inactive and the Korean Won has appreciated, internally Korean service industry is very weak and is not equipped with international competitiveness. This study intends to look into service surplus items and services deficit items and to present measures that will be able to strengthen competitiveness in service industry. As a short case study, German and Japan was benchmarked, as they are the countries which are developed on the basis of manufacturing like Korea. And in this study, by analyzing surplus items and deficit items in trade balance sheet, it is attempted to suggest policies which would be available for strengthening service industry. As the service industry is a highly value-added one, it is necessary to designate promising categories and intensively foster as strategic industry. Service industry has their own characteristics distinguished with manufacturing goods. It has very different logistics and payment system with manufacturing industry. It means there must be independent support systems which reflect the nature of industrial classification in service industry. It is necessary to provide export support system, to organize export market development group, to support marketing, to set common logistics center, to support diplomatic means, to provide legal service and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

The Korean Peninsula is considered as a seasonal frozen area that is thawed in the spring and frozen in the winter. The influence of fines of the frost susceptibility of subgrade soils were established by laboratory freezing tests simulating closely the thermal conditions in the field. During the winter season, the climate is heavily influenced by the cold and dry continental high pressure. Because of siberian air mass, the temperature of January is $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$ on average. This chilly weather generate the frost heaving by freezing the moisture of soil and damage potential of the geotechnical structure. In the freezing soil, the ice lenses increase the freeze portion of soil by absorbing the ground water with capillary action. However, the capillary characteristics differ from the sort of soil on the state of freezing condition. In this study, ten soil samples are prepared. The basic physical property tests were performed by following the Korean Industrial Standard and the soil specimens were classified by the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). These classified soils are used to perform the laboratory opened systems freezing test in order to determine the frost heaving characteristics of soils such as unfrozen water content, heaving amount, and freezing depth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1996

To propose basic information for national resource management and planting disign, plant community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest was investigated. Fifty-two plots(each size 300m$^{2}$) were set up at Ch'omch'alsan area of Chindo, Korea. TWINSPAN and DCA methods were used for classification and ordination analysis. Fifty-two plots were divided into seven groups, which were Quercus variabilis-Carpinus tschonoskii community, Q. glauca community, Castanepsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Q. stenophylla community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camelia japonica community, Q. acuta-Camelia japonica community, Carpinus coreaca-Q spp. community, C. coreana community. Pinus densiflora almost have been selected. Carpinus tschomoskii, Q. variabillis and Q. serrata were to be succeeded by Castanea cuspidata var. sieboldii, Q. stenophylla, Q. acuta and Neolitsea sericea in canopy layer. And Neolitsea sericea, Q. glauca and Camellia japonica was showed high importance values in fertile soil condition. Future restoration plan was necessary for a tourist resort or national forest in warm temperate region. And evergreen broad-leaved plants shall be planted in considering of environmental condition at warm temperate and industrial complex area.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.324-339
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• 2005

The WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies started by DDA(Doha Development Agenda : 2001.11)at early 2002 has been held about 20 times until the fist half of 2005. The Negotiation will be terminated until the end of 2005 but now, it is impossible to predict the exact conclusion of the Negotiation. There is a sharp conflict of opinion on the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies between FFG(Fish Friends Groups : USA, New Zealand etc) and Anti-FFG(Rep. Korea, Japan etc). The Fisheries Subsidies is regulated by the WTO/DDA Negotiation that regulates on the subsidies of industrial products, fisheries products, forest products. Considering the progress of the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies, Guidelines for the Fisheries Subsidies Negotiation were established in Doha Ministerial Declaration at 2001 and a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies has been discussed from 2002 to 2004. After june, 2004, the Negotiation was proceeding as Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan agreed with discussing a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies and At 1st, August, 2004, they reached an agreement on a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies. At Feb, 2005, discussion was suspended because of presenting the joint proposal from 3 countries(Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan) and now discussion on the Fisheries Subsidies is giving the first consideration to classification of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small fisheries, problems of farming, grace period etc. From now on, Considering the 18th~the 20th negotiations, it is expected that discussion of fisheries subsidies regulation including property and range of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, a definition of small fisheries is accelerated. In this point of view, this paper analyzed and arranged every country's proposals holding our own position and took a survey to fishermen and fisheries experts about prohibited/non-actionable subsidies. In addition, this paper intends to suggest the way of future-negotiation and provides essential data to help government's policy making through analyzing prohibited/ non-actionable subsidies, farming subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small scale fisheries.