• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.605-611
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to analyze the local distribution of the heavy metal concentration in Daegu and Ulsan which were divided into the residual areas, the traffic dense areas and the industrial areas. The Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) was used to analyze heavy metals, such as As, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and minor metals, such as Fe, Si, Mg, Ca, AI, Na, K. The results of this analysis showed that the content of heavy metals which was classified by districts in Daegu and Ulsan was the highest in the industrial areas followed by the traffic dense areas and the residual areas. Compared to the level of heavy metals of national and local soil survey network in 2003, contamination of heavy metals in Daegu was lower than national average. However, the content of Cd, As, Zn in Ulsan was respectively 13.38 times, 472 times and 2.65 times higher than national average contamination. In addition, compared to the soil pollution level of the environmental protection law, contamination of all areas in Daegu was lower. But the content of As at the industrial areas in Ulsan was 10.71 times higher than standard of soil pollution and 4.28 times higher than standard of measures against soil contamination.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2015

A primary concern of national R&D plans is to encourage technological development in private firms and research institutes. For effective R&D planning and program support, it is necessary to assess technological impacts that may exist both directly and indirectly among technology areas within the whole technology system; however, previous studies analyze only direct impacts among technologies, failing to capture both direct and indirect impacts. Therefore, this study proposes an approach based on decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to identifying specific characteristics of technology areas, such as technological impact and degree of cause or effect (DCE). The method employs patent co-classification analysis to construct a technological knowledge flow matrix. Next, to capture both direct and indirect effects among technology areas, it incorporates the modified DEMATEL process into patent analysis. The method helps analysts assess the technological impact and DCE of technology areas, and observe their evolving trajectories over time, thereby identifying relevant technological implications. This study presents a case study using Korean patents registered during 2003-2012. We expect our analysis results to be helpful input for R&D planning, as well as the suggested approach to be incorporated into processes for formulating national R&D plans.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2002

In order to compare the lead and cadmium levels, studies of heavy metal accumulation of feral pigeons from rural (Deokjeok island), central urban (Seoul city), and industrial complexes (Ansan, Busan, Ulsan, and Yochon) were conducted. The outstanding result of this study is that feral pigeons in urban and industrial complex areas contain high Pb and Cd concentrations in kidney, bone, liver, and lung tissues compared to those of rural areas. Such a trend was prominent in the target organs, bone and kidney, about 10 times greater than in rural areas. On the other hand, the lead levels of the Yochon Industrial Complex were noticeably lower than those of other industrial complex areas. Not only feral pigeons habit of street and ground feeding, but also atmospheric metal concentration offers an explanation for the heavy metal concentration differences in the study areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 1992

In order to evaluate the degree of air pollution, soils from 125 and 60points of main streets of Seoul and Daejeon, respectively, were sampled and analyzed for the contents of lead, copper, iron and zinc by nitric acid($HNO_3$) extraction followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry during June and September, 1990. The Pb contents of Seoul and Daejeon were 350.2$\mu$g/g and 175.9$\mu$g/g, respectively, which were 14.5times and 7.3times respectively higher than the control(24.0). In Seoul, the commercial area gave the highest value followed by resdential and industrial areas in the decreasing order, while the order in Daejeon was Industrial, commercial and residential areas. The Cu contents in Seoul and Daejeon were very similar(236.6 and 234.6, respectively) each other, and about 11times higher than the control(20.9). The concentration was highest in industrial, followed by commercial and the lowest in residential areas in Seoul, while the order in Daejeon was industrial, residential and commercial areas. The Fe contents were 25716.5 in Seoul and 22838.6 in Daejeon, both being similar to the control value(22537.0). The value was highest in industrial and next in commercial areas and the lowest in residential area both in Seoul and Daejeon. The Zn contents in Seoul and Daejeon were 728.2 and 404.0, respectively, wihch were 6.3 and 3.6times higher than the control(113.3). The value was highest in commercial and next in industrial areas and the lowest in residental area in Seoul, while the order was industrial, residential and commercial areas in Daejeon. The heavy metal content was higher in the soil of main streets than that of minor streets in Seoul. The content of lead in Seoul was higher in the streets of Chongro-ku(525.9) and Chung-ku(684.8), the central area of the city which had a heavy traffic, than those in Nowon-ku(320.3) and Kwanak-ku(312.6) which had relatively less traffic crowd. The similar pattern was observed in the content of zinc; it was higher in Chongro-ku(1305.0) and Chung-ku(1335.4) than in Nowon-ku(489.1) and Kwanak-ku(569.8). In Daejeon, the contents of lead and zinc were decreasing as the distance from Daejeon Railroad Station increased : they were respectively 157.8 and 447.7 within 2km from the station, 157.6 and 235.7 with in 2-4km, and 63.5 and 156.2 within 4-6km and 58.7 and 142.2 within 6-8km. In summary, the contents of lead, copper and zinc were generally higher in the central area of the city, areas of heavy traffic and areas of industry and commerce.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2002

Separation distance between industrial source and residential areas to avoid odor annoyance was investigated using AUSPLUME model. A Gaussian plume model (AUSPLUME) for the dispersion was used to calculate odor emission from ground level area source. Using the dispersion model to calculate ambient odor concentrations, the separation distance between industrial source and residental areas was defined by %HA (percentage of highly annoyed person) and odor percentile concentration (C98). The result was compared with the separation distance of various nation guidelines for livestock buildings. The calculated separation distance for industrial source showed similar pattern comparing with various guidelines for livestock buildings.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate breathing zone air quality in Taegu, using automatic analyzers for four air quality standards($SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, and $O_3$). First, air target compounds were measured for 8 to 12 hours in each of two commercial areas and five residential areas. Second, air target compounds were hourly measured for 24 hours in each of two commercial areas, two residential areas, and an industrial complex area. Based on the first experiment the breathing zone air was more polluted in the commercial area as compared to the residential area, while the second experiment showed that the breathing zone air was polluted rather in the residential are3 as compared to the commercial area. The second experiment also indicated that there was some variation of breathing zone air concentration with time and measuring sites. Diurnal variation of breathing zone air concentrations was consistent with previous studies which measured at building height. The highest breathing zone air concentration was shown in Seongseo industrial complex area. An unusual finding of this study was that $SO_2$ concentration in the breathing zone air of Bisandong, a typical residential area of Taegu, was higher than that of other residential areas, even higher than that of Seongseo industrial complex area.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.362-366
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the status of habitat distribution, environmental characteristics and plant species growing with Lonicera japonica in its habitats. In the distribution of plant coverage below 30%, it was 84.6% in the inland area and 80.7% in the seashore area. There was similar coverage in both inland and seashore areas. But the average relative coverage in the seashore area was 26.1%, which is a little higher than that of the inland area (22.5%). In the habitats, both inland and seashore areas showed a high distribution ratio below 10 degrees. But among them, inland areas showed a high distribution ratio (62.4%) below 10 degrees, which was about twice as much as the seashore areas (32.2%). Habitat distribution was most often found on the southern slopes in both inland and seashore areas. The average soil pH of Lonicera japonica habitat was 5.2 in the inland areas and 6.9 in the seashore areas. Also, the seashore areas showed little content of $P_2O_5$, but high content of K, Mg, Na on the other hand compared to the inland area. Miscanthus sinensis was the highest importance value (16.4) among plants growing with Lonicera japonica in their habitats in both inland and seashore areas. But in the inland areas, Artemisia princeps showed the highest importance value, and Miscanthus sinensis was the highest in the seashore areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.473-481
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• 1999

Objectives: In recent days, the problem of odor pollution in community near Sihwa Industrial complex, Kynuggi Province is becoming of significant public concern. We have investigated the health effects of the Sihwa residents from odor pollution comparing with other less polluted areas. Methods: The Ansan and Kuri Cities were selected as control areas. The parents of the elementary and middle school students in these three areas were surveyed with structured questionnaire twice, Nov 1997 and Jure 1998 each. As a exposure index, the ambient air concentrations of five major air pollutants(particulates, $O_3,\;SO_2,\;NO_2$, CO) and subjective odor perception were used. We have focused health outcomes such as the prevalence of nonspecific irritant symptoms, respiratory disease among family members and the score of qualify of life(QOL). Results: Although the mean concentrations of major air pollutants except particulates were similar or lower in Sihwa than other areas, the odor perception rate and the monthly odor perception days were significantly higher. It suggested that odor producing chemical compounds are the major source of environmental pollution problem. There were higher prevalence rates of nonspecific irritant symptoms and respiratory disease among family members in Sihwa than other control areas. The QOL score was also lower in Sihwa. The odor perception proved to be a most important factor in reporting adverse health effects and lowering the QOL score. Conclusion: The residents living near Sihwa industrial complex were suffering from more adverse health symptoms and poorer QOL status than control areas. And it may be due to environmental odor pollution from industrial complex. Therefore, further research will be needed for monitoring of the responsible chemicals emitted from industries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2000

This study was conducted to analyze the responses of some agronomic traits to the different cultural environments and relations among the agronomic traits for selecting sesame varieties with higher cultural stabilities. The indexes for stability parameters measured were coefficient of variability, heritabilities, genetic correlations and path coefficients of agronomic traits according to locations and years in Korea. The heritabilities of agronomic traits showed different by locations and years. Number of seeds per capsule and 1000 seeds weight showed higher heritabilities, but stem length and seed weight per plant showed relatively lower heritabilities. Average heritabilities of some agronomic traits in 1998 were comparatively higher than those of 1999. Of six areas, Jinju area showed biggest coefficient of yield variability in 1998-1999. Iksan and Taegu areas showed higher heritabilities in 1998, but Iksan and Jinju areas showed lower heritabilities in 1999. Genetic correlations were slightly higher than corresponding phenotypic correlations. Stem length showed positive genetic correlation with the number of capsules per plant, and seed weight per plant and the number of capsule per plant showed positive genetic correlation with seed weight per plant. On the analysis of path coefficients, stem length and number of capsules effected highly on grain yield. Great regional variations were observed on the effects of agronomic traits on grain yield. Higher direct effects of stem length on grain yield were observed at Suwon, Chungwon, Taegu, Jinju and Naju areas, but in Iksan area was observed higher direct effect of the number of capsules per plant on grain yield in 1998. In 1999, higher direct effect of stem length on grain yield was observed at Chungwon and Suwon areas. Iksan and Taegu areas were also observed higher direct effect of the number of capsule per plant on grain yield.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2002

Mobility of service users makes location update and paging (L/P) procedures indispensable features in mobile communication networks. Importance of optimizing the configuration of L/P areas has been increased by the growth of L/P related signaling. In this study, we deal with the L/P configuration which an LA (Location Area) may contain multiple PAs (Paging Areas). Given the network topology, L/P related parameters, and traffics generated by each cell, is provided the problem of finding optimal LA/PA configuration minimizing the amount of L/P related signaling. The optimization problem is solved using a simulated annealing, and detailed computational results are conducted to capture the effects of mobility, call arrival patterns and boundary crossing rate on the LA and PA configurations.