• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2014

In recent, ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band that is 2.4GHz band authorized free of charge is being widely used for smart phone, notebook computer, printer and portable multimedia devices. Accordingly, studies have been continuously conducted on the possibility of coexistence among nodes using ISM band. In particular, the interference of IEEE 802.11b based Wi-Fi device using overlapping channel during communication among IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor nodes suitable for low-power, low-speed communication using ISM band causes serious network performance deterioration of wireless sensor networks. This paper examined a method of identifying channel status to avoid interference among wireless communication devices using IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) and other ISM bands during communication among IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor network nodes in ISM band. To identify channels occupied by Wi-Fi traffic, various studies are being conducted that use the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value of interference signal obtained through ED (Energy Detection) feature that is one of IEEE 802.15.4 transmitter characteristics. This paper examines an algorithm that identifies the possibility of using more accurate channel by mixing utilization of interference signal and RSSI mean value of interference signal by wireless sensor network nodes. In addition, it verifies such algorithm by using OPNET Network verification simulator.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 2011

Since the MB-OFDM(Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is an ultra wideband communication system operated on ISM(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band, DAA(Detect-And-Avoid) is required for co-existence with the other communication service. In this paper we propose the new detection algorithm based on decision-feedback, which shows faster convergence time and less complexity than previous works. The proposed algorithm detects interference above -20dB in AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) and LOS(Line-Of-Sight) channel, and close to AWGN in non-LOS channel under appropriate channel clipping.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.383-386
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• 2017

In this study, we introduce a triple-band flexible implantable antenna that is tuned by using a ground slot in three specific bands, namely Medical Implanted Communication Service (MICS: 402-405 MHz) for telemetry, the midfield band (lower gigahertz: 1.45-1.6 GHz) for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and the Industrial, Scientific and Medical band (ISM: 2.4-2.45 GHz) for power conservation. This antenna is wrapped inside a printed 3D capsule prototype to show its applicability in different implantable or ingestible devices. The telemetry performance of the proposed antenna was simulated and measured by using a porcine heart. From the simulation and measurement, we found that use of a ground slot in the implantable antenna can improve the antenna performance and can also reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.413-420
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• 2024

A dual-band bio-implantable compact antenna with a meander-line structure is presented. The proposed meander-line antenna resonates at the industrial, scientific, and medical (2.4 GHz) and wireless medical telemetry (1.4 GHz) bands. The meander-line structure is selected as a radiating patch given its versatile and effective design. With a dimension of only 10 mm × 10 mm × 0.635 mm, the designed antenna is compact. Considering a skin phantom, the proposed antenna was designed, optimized, and simulated. The Rogers RT/duroid 6010 substrate material with high dielectric constant was used to fabricate the meander-line dual-band implantable antenna, which was validated experimentally. The superstrate was made of the same material. Experiments were conducted on skin-mimicking gel. The designed meander-line antenna has a high peak gain of -21 dBi at 2.4 GHz, and its maximum specific absorption rate is compliant with IEEE safety standards.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

In this paper, a dual-band on-body antenna operating at MICS and ISM band for a wireless medical repeater system is proposed and the antenna performance including the human body effect is investigated. The designed dual-band antenna is comprised of a top patch for ISM band and bottom patch for MICS band. Simulation and measurement was carried out in order to analyze the effects of human body on antenna performance considering real use. The proposed antenna has required impedance bandwidth enough to cover both MICS and ISM bands. The measured peak gains were -12.47 dBi and 1.71 dBi at the each center frequency of MICS and ISM bands, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna has the maximum radiation directed toward the inside of the human body in the MICS band and directed toward the outside in the ISM band. In addition, the return loss property of the antenna is insensitive to human body effects so that the proposed antenna is well suited for the on-body wireless medical repeater system.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.481-486
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• 2022

The recent rapid growth of the IoT(Internet of Things) is leading to the spread of low-power wireless technology. A major challenge in designing IoT wireless networks is to achieve coexistence between different wireless technologies that share the 2.4 [GHz] ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) frequency band. Therefore, there is a need for research on improving the reliability of wireless networks and coexisting operation between wireless networks. In particular, it is necessary to study an interference model and performance for mutual service coexistence in a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) wireless network environment, which is expected to be widely used as a connection medium between devices in various industrial fields. In this paper, the co-channel interference model with the IEEE 802.15.4 system is established focusing on the physical layer of the BLE system widely used in residential and industrial wireless applications, and the performance of the BLE wireless communication system is analyzed in the co-channel interference environment. As a result of the analysis, as the distance between the interference source and the BLE system increases in an environment where noise and co-channel interference exist, the amount of co-channel interference decreases and the error rate performance of the BLE system improves.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1939-1946
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• 2012

USNs (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) such as IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee network share ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) frequency band with WiFi networks. Once both networks operate in a region, packet collision may happen because of frequency overlapping. To assure this possibility, we conducted experiments where WiFi and ZigBee communication networks had been installed in an area. As a result of the test, successful data transmission rate were reduced due to the frequency overlapping between a WiFi communication channel and a ZigBee communication band. To cope with this problem, we propose a collision avoidance algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, if frequency collision is sensed, new communication channel with different frequency band is allocated to each node. Performance of the proposed frequency collision avoidance algorithm was tested and the results were described.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.216-219
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• 2016

In this paper, the SIW(Substrate Integrated Waveguide)-based feeding antenna for the application of SDR(Software Defined Radar) is designed and manufactured. It is usually well-known that SIWs are easily integrated on PCB and have low transmission loss toward high powered input signal. Also, it is recommended that SIWs are strongly immunized to Electromagnetic Interferences(EMI). In particular, the manufactured antennas are loaded on the USRP(Universal Software Radio Peripheral) platform and employed to detect target RCS as an experiment in this paper. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is in ISM(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band(2.4~2.48 GHz) and the measured gain is over 8 dBi at 2.44 GHz.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2010

Embedded systems widely used for wireless communication such as W-LAN, Bluetooth and ZigBee operate on ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band but they can be seriously affected by electromagnetic interference radiated from ISM apparatus. Therefore C.I.S.P.R. reports proposed limits for the protection of telecommunication from interference from ISM equipment. In this paper, we clarify the methods for calculating limits for disturbance signal for Embedded Systems in ISM band and propose simple way of calculating limits for interference signal in both above and below 1 GHz band cases.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.944-949
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• 2015

This study proposed a patch antenna with a MIMO structure which is applicable for wireless communication equipment by combining a single patch antenna with a multi port. The proposed MIMO patch antenna was designed through the TRF-45 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.5, loss tangent equal to 0.0035 and dielectric high of 1.6 mm, and the center frequency of the antenna was 2.45 GHz in the ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band. The proposed MIMO patch antenna had a 500 MHz bandwidth from 2.16 ~ 2.66 GHz and 24.1% fractional bandwidth. The return loss and VSWR were -62.05 dB, 1.01 at the ISM bandwidth of 2.45 GHz. The Wibro band of 2.3 GHz was -17.43 dB, 1.33, the WiFi band of 2.4 GHz was -31.89 dB, 1.05, and the WiMax band of 2.5 GHz was -36.47 dB, 1.03. The radiation patterns included in the bandwidth were directional, and the WiBro band of 2.3 GHzhad a gain of 4.22 dBi, the WiFi band of 2.4 GHz had a gain of 4.12 dBi, the ISM band of 2.45 GHz had a gain of 4.06dBi, and the WiMax band of 2.5 GHz had a gain of 3.9 6dBi.