• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.212-216
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to obtain an effective enclosing method for noise reduction of press machine operating in a manufacturing company located in Korea. Noise level of the machine is about $90{\sim}105dB$ which is higher than legal standards by industrial safety and health law. This study has predicted the level of noise reduction according to a step by step prevention plan by considering the characteristics of the cause of noise, the permitted limit of noise levels, problems and economical efficiency attendant upon the noise prevention measures. The predicted level of noise at the plant in accordance with the first step is $71.5{\sim}89.5dB(A)$, and can satisfy the permitted limit of noise in a time period of the day. Based on these results, enclosing method adequate for the selected plant's noise characteristics were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.317-330
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• 2021

Objectives: By law, companies in Korea must periodically measure workers' exposure to harmful chemicals (the system is called the Work Environment Monitoring Program (WMP)[a]) and report the results to the government. The government also measures exposure to monitor the WMP's reliability (called Reliability Assessment (RA) for WMP[b]). The issue is that measured data from these two sources are so different that the objectivity of WMP needs to be confirmed by comparing the results using the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' Targeted Risk Assessment (ECETOC TRA). Methods: Step 1: Data collection from WMP reports submitted by companies (n=586) and RA for WMP written by the government (n=33). Step 2: Data Standardization by key information included. Step 3: Data conversion to input-variables required to run the ECETOC TRA model, and run the model with specific data (n=514) which meet the predetermined exposure scenario. Step 4: Statistical data analysis by process category (PROC) and ventilation type from each source ([A] and [B]). Step 5: Additional analysis of any unexpected results. Results: The process categories of the production and handling of Dichloromethane were classified into 12 PROCs, and ten of them were selected to run ECETOC TRA. Modeled values tended to be higher than measured values from both sources. For the measured values from WMP, RCR distribution by PROC was narrow (0.197-0.267, 95% CI) and did not have a relationship with ventilation type, which differs from the tendency of the modeling result. Meanwhile, the measured values from RA for WMP were relatively widely distributed (0.301-1.177, 95% CI) by PROC. In particular PROCs (13,19) were high enough to exceed 1. Also, they become low with better ventilation types and appear differently depending on the ventilation type, similar to the model result. Conclusions: This study revealed that ECETOC TRA might have the potential to serve as a screening tool for exposure assessment and to be used as assistive method for WMP to estimate exposure. Further empirical study is required to confirm its availability as a screening tool.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.472-479
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants at 63 elementary schools, 41 middle schools and 51 high schools in Ulsan from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2008. To assess the indoor air quality of the various classrooms, the 8 indoor air pollutants such as $CO_2$, CO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, TVOCs, HCHO and TBC were measured and analyzed. The mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and TBC in the elementary schools were significantly higher than those of middle and high schools (p < 0.01). For the HCHO, the multi-use practice rooms showed an average 1.5 times higher than general classrooms. In schools located in urban areas, the concentrations of CO, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC were lower than in the vicinity of industrial complexes. The exceeding rate of the school air quality maintenance limits in the 6 air pollutants by law were 6.7%, 3.5%, 1.7%, 18.2%, 13.0% and 18.4% for $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC, respectively. Based on these results $PM_{10}$ and TBC have to be in the order of priority of need to improve the classroom air quality in elementary school of Ulsan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.36-50
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• 2012

This study was carried out to find contradiction factors on laws for children's activity spaces and facilities and to suggest the rational options to control and manage those spaces and facilities by environmental and landscape planning methods. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The major laws related to the environmental safety for children's activity spaces are "Environmental Health Act (ERA)" for managing the environmental safety of children's activity spaces; "Safety Supervision Law of Children's Play Facilities(SSLCPF)" for the inspection and management for safety of children's play facilities; "Quality Management and Industrial Products Safety Management Law(QMIPSML)" for managing safety certification on children's play equipments. 2. The interior space such as "living room" by the Children's Welfare Law(CWL), "Children Park" by the Act on Urban Parks and Green Spaces(AUPGS), "classroom" on private educational institutes by the Act on Establishment and Operation Private Lesson and Training(AEOPLT) and "nursing room" of child care center smaller than $430m^2$ are needed to be managed as an activity space. 3. In order to reduce industrial burden in the production, establishment, construction, and operation and to minimize unwilling extra burden in the administration effort due to legally double regulate, it is necessary to mitigate the inspections on the equipment certificate from QMIPSML and overlapped or different factors and standards must be unified. With this study, the landscape domain could he enlarged from producing, import of play equipment and establishment, construction and operation of play facilities for a comprehensive range of activity spaces, and the landscape industry such as engineering industry, academic research, management, etc.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

The Minamata Convention on Mercury entered into force on August 16, 2017. It requires Parties to the Convention to control and, where feasible, reduce mercury emissions from the listed sources. To implement the Convention, Japan amended the Air Pollution Control Law and added clauses that force operators to control their mercury emissions below emission limit values (ELVs). The ELVs have been established separately for new and existing sources, targeting the source categories listed in the Convention: coal-fired boilers, smelting and roasting processes used in the production of non-ferrous metals (lead, zinc, copper and industrial gold), waste incineration facilities and cement clinker production facilities. The factors used to establish the ELVs include the present state of mercury emissions from the targeted categories as well as the mercury content in fuels and materials, best available techniques (BATs) and best environmental practices (BEPs) to control and reduce mercury emissions and ELVs or equivalent standards to control mercury emissions in other countries. In this regard, extensive data on mercury emissions from flue gas and the mercury content of fuels and materials were collected and analyzed. The established ELVs range from $8{\mu}g/Nm^3$ for new coal-fired boilers to $400{\mu}g/Nm^3$ for existing secondary smelting processes used in the production of copper, lead and zinc. This paper illustrates the ELVs for the targeted source categories, explaining the rationales and approaches used to set the values. The amended Law is to be enforced on April 1, 2018. From future perspectives, checks of the material flow of mercury, following up on the state of compliance, review of the ELVs and of the measurement and monitoring methods have been noted as important issues.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.41-46
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• 2012

The flash point the lowest temperature at which the concentration of vapor of the substance in the air reaches the lower flammability limit(LFL), and is one of the most important physical properties used to determine the potential for fire and explosion hazards of industrial materials. The most published flash point data was for pure components and the flash points of the binary solutions that have flammable components, appear to be scarce in the literature. In the present study, the flash points of tert-pentanol+n-decane system were measured by Tag open-cup tester. The measured data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law and the optimization methods based on the Wilson and NRTL equations. The calculated values by optimization methods were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2017

A cyclotron is a kind of particle accelerator that produces a beam of charged particles for the production of medical, industrial, and research radioisotopes. More than 30 cyclotrons are operated in Korea to produce $^{18}F$, an FDG synthesis at hospitals. A 30-MeV cyclotron was installed at ARTI (Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, KAERI) mainly for research regarding isotope production. In this study, we analyze and estimate the items of risk such as the problems in the main components of the cyclotron, the loss of radioactive materials, the leakage of coolant, and the malfunction of utilities, fires and earthquakes. To estimate the occurrence frequency in an accident risk assessment, five levels, i.e., Almost certain, Likely, Possible, Unlikely, and Rare, are applied. The accident consequence level is classified under four grades based on the annual permissible dose for radiation workers and the public in the nuclear safety law. The analysis of the accident effect is focused on the radioactive contamination caused by radioisotope leakage and radioactive material leakage of a ventilation filter due to a fire. To analyze the risks, Occupation Safety and Health Acts is applied. In addition, action plans against an accident were prepared after a deep discussion among relevant researchers. In this acts, we will search for hazard and introduce the risk assessment for the research 30-MeV cyclotron facilities of ARTI.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.145-156
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• 2022

In recent years, as there is growing concern with ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), the strategic direction of business management is changing from maximizing shareholders wealth to maximizing stakeholders value. ESG is reshaping a corporation's supply chain management strategies. The purpose of this study is to explore the ESG challenges in supply chain management. As a result of network text analysis and topic modeling analysis on 3226 news articles, 'Suppliers', 'Sustainability', 'Shared Growth' 'Carbon Neutral', 'Safety and Health', 'Responsible Business Alliance', 'Supply Chain Due Diligence Law' were identified as the main issue. Since ESG initiatives in the supply chain are not limited to the efforts of individual firms, future research should focus on figuring out what difficulties and challenges exist in the diffusion of ESG practices along multi-tiered supply chains, and how to overcome them.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate components of organic solvents and present statues of environmental measurements with official records of working environmental measurements of 4,181 workplaces in 3,280 workshops used airborne organic solvents. 1. The mean working hour of 4,181 workplace producing airborne organic solvents in 3,280 workshops was 437±28.7min, but the mean sampling time for measurement of airborne organic solvents was identified to be 254±28.8min. In 73.0% of 4,181 samples the sampling frequencys were Full-period, single sample measurement. 2. The total 54 components of organic solvents were measured in total airborne samples of 4,181 workplace in 3,280 workshops in both of first and second half-year. These were divided into 38 components, Group 1 substances (5 components), Group 2 substances (31 components) and Group 3 substances (2 components), regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Law, and other 16 components without legal duty of working environment measurement. The most common component in each half-year was Toluene (84.8%, 88.2%), which was followed by Xylene (464.4%, 51.7%), Methyl ethyl ketone (31.1%, 34.4%), n-Hexane (22.7%, 27.8%) and Benzene (20.4%, 21.5%) in frequency. Of legal duty free components, Ethyl benzen, Trimethyl benzene and Pentane were frequently detected. In conclusion, these results show that the present legal classification system of organic solvents needs to revise. Also these results suggest that it must be necessary to analyze the component of airborne organic solvents mixture and to evaluate their effects on workers' health for the effective management of working environment in workshops treating with organic solvents.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1970-1971
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• 2007

The efficiency of such work highly depend on the worker's safety, who is protected by tools such as gloves, sleeves, blankets and flexible coverings among other manufactured natural-rubber goods. Use, storage and maintenance of these tools guarantee the quality and durability of the material. However, it might be observed that good tools made of such material are disapproved of when received from manufacturers or when they are removed from the warehouse for replacement. This work shows the experimental results obtained from ageing at a temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ for 48, 70 and 312 h, although the application of AC electrical tension in samples and the measuring of current leakage are presented. The measurements in samples were carried out with samples prepared from the deformulated commercial materials and respectively reformulated into thin films. The obtained results showed the mechanisms of conduction of samples in low and high electric fields. It was also identified an electric tension transition showing that in low fields it prevails the Ohm's law conduction, and in high electric fields it prevails the conduction of space charge limited current (SCLC). These results can support the natural rubber formulation process having as their main objective the reducing of the mechanisms that occur under high conduction current in high electric fields, which leads the material to a dielectric breakdown. It is necessary to research this raw material from different internationally standard clones to characterize dielectric and electric properties for industrial applications. Moreover, this natural material has a low commercial price when compared to the synthetic ones.