• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.23-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to present improvement directions of college scholastic ability test on industry department. Industry department test were classify and abstracted sampling test on contents and movement domain, analyzed example items of college scholastic ability test on industry department. Research methods used in this study were review of related literature, the item analysis and item pattern analysis between college scholastic ability test on introduction to industry and curriculum, contents of textbook. After finding a problem of developing items, trying to find a solution to the problem and developing an up-to-date method of items was to present improvement. Based on the result of the study, some recommendations for future researches were made as follows: First, a phenomenon of making same contents items over again and no making items not on made the items ever have to cut. Second, Time to read and make sense of items have to reduce because depend on the degree of difficulty related on time to understand of items. Third, the depth of textbook contents has to develop on curriculum this year. Fourth, the succeeding study on linkage between college scholastic ability test and simulation of college scholastic ability test. Fifth, verification validity on contents of new movement domain is developed new and striking test items.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.379-395
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• 2009

In Nepal, unemployment and underemployment rate is very high among the youth between 15-24 ages. Generally people tend to discourage acquisition of skills for a career. Access to skill training is limited, especially for the poor, women, and disadvantaged, and the quality of skills training is variable and often not linked to market needs. Strengthening the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) sector to deliver more relevant and market oriented training is essential. To improve the country's pool of technical skilled manpower and unemployment problem, the government has attempted various programs in the last two decades to institutionalize technical education and vocational training. These had initially mixed results mainly due to poor organization and management of the TEVT sector, lack of proper linkage between the training programs and the needs of the labor market, lack of proper equipment and instructional materials and inadequately trained instructors. Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) as a leading organization in TEVT sector of Nepal should focus on community-based vocational trainings for the purpose of reducing poverty in grassroots level addressing excluded and marginalized groups. It is a big challenge as well as opportunity for CTEVT and TEVT professionals.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1998

Four kinds of polyamicacids(PAAs) were prepared by the condensation reaction of four diamines with different linkages, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone(3,3'-$DDSO_2$), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone(4,4'-$DDSO_2$), 4,4'-methylene dianiline(4,4'-MDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline(4,4'-ODA), and dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) using the solvent, dimethylacetamide(DMAc). These four PAAs were blended with poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole](PBI) from the solution blending. Then called as Blend-I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Cast films or precipitated powders of the PBI/PAA blends were cured at a higher temperature than expected Tg to transform into PBI/PIs blends. Miscibility, specific intermolecular interaction for miscibility and their relative strength as a function of polyimide chemical structure with different four diamines in the PBI/PI systems were investigated. Four blends used in this study were all miscible, and the specific intermolecular interactions existing in these blends was thought to be the hydrogen bonding between the N-H of PBI and the C=O of PIs. The hydrogen bonding in the blends were shown to be stronger in the Blend-III and Blend-IV than Blend-I and II. It is speculated that the differences of hydrogen bonding strength of PBI/PI blends are dependent upon chemical structures of PIs, that is, PIs consisting of $SO_2$ group have a weaker hydrogen bonding strength than those of O or $CH_2$ group because the former has a larger spacer than the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.7-23
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• 2019

Smart cities are expanding their spatial scope to urban areas and regions. Linking regional economic development strategies beyond the borders with smart city planning can lead to cooperation and economic development between regions and countries as well. The purpose of this study is to suggest cooperation and regional development of the three nations - Korea, North Korea and China - through the Yellow Sea Rim Smart Region. To this end, smart city strategies and economic development plan with implementation status in the three countries including special economic zones have analyzed that could be the spatial basis of the smart region. On the west coast of Korea facing the Yellow Sea, lots of projects related to smart cities are actively underway in Saemangeum, Yellow Sea Free Economic Zone(YESFEZ), and Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). Although the political situation is still uncertain, North Korea is analyzed to have economic and technical potential in the west coast connecting Haeju, Nampo, and Sinuiju. In Liaoning and Shandong provinces of China, smart city projects have been actively promoted in recent years especially in the state-supporting industrial cities. Restoration of economic cooperation between South Korea and China, linkage of transportation networks, vitalization of cross-border cooperation projects between China and North Korea centered on Dandong and Sinuiju, and the connecting of smart city infrastructure and services for China and South Korea's economic cooperation process will make the Yellow Sea Rim as a world prosperous economic region. However, it is necessary to establish and operate a governance system through long-term planning for transnational consultation and establishment of a promotion organization.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

${\gamma}$-PGA(poly-${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) is an unusual anionic polypeptide that is made of D- and L-glutamic acid units connected by amide linkages between ${\alpha}$-amino and ${\gamma}$-carboxylic acid groups. ${\gamma}$-PGA has been isolated from many kinds of organisms. Many Bacillus strains produce ${\gamma}$-PGA as a capsular material of an extracellular viscous material. It is safe for eating as a viscosity element of fermented soybean products such as Chungkookjang and Natto. It is biodegradable, edible and nontoxic toward humans and the environment and its molecular weight varies from ten thousand to several hundred thousand depending on the kinds of strains used. Therefore, potential applications of ${\gamma}$-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in the past few years in a broad range of industrial fields such as food, cosmetics, medicine, water-treatment, etc. In this study, a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis GS-2 isolated from the Korean traditional seasoning food, Chungkookjang could produce a large amount of ${\gamma}$-PGA with high productivity and had a simple nutrient requirement. Based on carbon utilization pattern and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the GS-2 strain was identified as B. subtilis. The determination of purified ${\gamma}$-PGA was confirmed with thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$-NMR) spectroscopy.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2008

The importance of universities' knowledge to industrial innovation have widely pervaded the academia as well as policy communities. During the last three decades, a series of policy measures vitalizing the knowledge-transfer activities of academics have been implemented both in industrialized and industrializing countries. However, The concerns on the industry's influences on the academia have been raised by a group of researchers such as 'Economics of science'. Against this background, this paper addresses the issues related to the relationship between the academic research and knowledge-transfer activities. Particularly, based on the 16 years' panel data of Korean academics' patent and paper outputs, the effect of patenting activities on publishing activities is investigated. Moreover, the specific context of Korean academic system as well as general characteristics of academics are considered in the analysis and discussion. According to the results, not just the publishing and patenting outputs but their productivities have been dramatically increased during the last 16 years. The main finding is that the patenting activities have a consistent positive effect on the publishing activities of the academics in the estimations of panel models. Based on these results and the discussions, some policy recommendations for university-industry collaboration are suggested.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

The Internet of things (IoT) has been applied to a variety of industrial uses such as public service sectors, medical industries, automotive industries, and so on. Led by smart cities, this is typical. However, from a logistics perspective, the level of application is insufficient. This study examines the applicability of IoT-related technology in a container terminal, an object of the present invention, to derive an applicable plan. Analytic network process (ANP) analysis reveals the following results for IoT applications in container terminals: operating systems (26.7%), safety/environmental/security systems (26.4%), equipment maintenance systems (25.3%), and facility maintenance systems (21.6 %). The second ANP analysis reveals the following results: Economy (40.2%), productivity (21.1%), service level (19.5%), and utilizing technology level (19.2%). The application or standard of evaluation is important when applying IoT technology to container terminals; however, it is not concentrated in a certain area. It is desirable to build each container system with linkage and efficiency from a macroscopic view.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.340-359
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• 1994

This study intends to describe the characteristics of the transformation of the rural society by tracing the changing social and economic processes of traditional clan villiage (Yeolmi-ri, Silchon-myeon, Kwangju-gun, Kyunggi-province) in the suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan Area. Rural society has experienced serious change of the social structure by the ever expanding urbanization and industrialization since 1960's. The suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan Area is the representative case area of such transformation. This study analyzed various chracteristics of population structure of a villiage, the processes of residential movement and the occupational shift of each household of the villiage in terms of household's life-history collected by interviewing with each household. And the whole households of a villiage is divided by two groups of the native clan group and the non-dan in-migrant group. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) This villiage is located within a lineal distance of 40km and a time distance of about 30 to 40 minutes, adjoined dy the Joongbu(중부) national highway, the Kyungchoong (경충) industrial road, the local road between Yangpyuna(양평) and Gonjiam(곤지암) and having a advantageous iocational linkage to Seoul capital city. 2) It is a typical traditional dan villiae constituted of dan family Gu(구) one of whose ancestors had appointed to the prime minister of Chosun Dynasty, and until 1979, 56 out of 60 families of the villiage households were clan families. 3) Since 1979, as the villiage invaded by the out-movement of the small scale manufacturing industries from Seoul capital city, labours moved in this vallige from outside and increased villiage size up to 203 households in 1993, consequently the constitutional proportion between the native clan group and the non-clan in-migrant group was reversed up to 28% vs 72% deepening the sociological heterogeneity. 4) Because of the small scale of industries in this villiage and the vicinity with the city of Seoul, the population turnover of this villiage is very high. The turnover frequency is firstly high within same administrative district of gun(군) level and secondly high between this villiage and the city of Seoul. Thus short-distance movement is identified. 5) There is a close correlation between the residential movement and the occupational shift. The most numbers of non-farm native group have the experiences of migration while the members of native farming group don't shift both the job and the place of residence. The inmigrant group had several migration experiences but few occupational shifts. Thus occupatioanl shift is high for the native group while residential shift is high for the in-migrant group. It is concluded that the change proceeded in Metropolitan suburbs was not directed to form the traditional rural village as 'gesund Gebiet' with respect to the ballance among the economic, cultural and environmental adequency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.303-321
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• 2011

The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in Asia are the primary drivers of performance to maximise productivity from animals. Feed security is fundamental to the management, extent of use, conservation and intensification for productivity enhancement. The awesome reality is that current supplies of animal proteins are inadequate to meet human requirements in the face of rapidly depleting resources: arable land, water, fossil fuels, nitrogenous and other fertilisers, and decreased supplies of cereal grains. The contribution of the ruminant sector lags well behind that of non-ruminant pigs and poultry. It is compelling therefore to shift priority for the development of ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep) in key agro-ecological zones (AEZs), making intensive use of the available biomass from the forage resources, crop residues, agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) and other non-conventional feed resources (NCFR). Definitions are given of successful and failed projects on feed resource use. These were used to analyse 12 case studies, which indicated the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers, empowerment, and the benefits from animals of productivity-enhancing technologies and integrated natural resource management (NRM). However, wider replication and scaling up were inadequate in project formulation, including systems methodologies that promoted technology adoption. There was overwhelming emphasis on component technology applications that were duplicated across countries, often wasteful, the results and relevance of which were not clear. Technology delivery via the traditional model of research-extension linkage was also inadequate, and needs to be expanded to participatory research-extension-farmer linkages to accelerate diffusion of technologies, wider adoption and impacts. Other major limitations concerned with feed resource use are failure to view this issue from a farming systems perspective, strong disciplinary bias, and poor links to real farm situations. It is suggested that improved efficiency in feed resource use and increased productivity from animals in the future needs to be cognisant of nine strategies. These include priorities for feed resource use; promoting intensive use of crop residues; intensification of integrated ruminant-oil palm systems and use of oil palm by-products; priority for urgent, wider technology application, adoption and scaling up; rigorous application of systems methodologies; development of adaptation and mitigation options for the effects of climate change on feed resources; strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages; development of year round feeding systems; and striving for sustainability of integrated farming systems. These strategies together form the challenges for the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.639-648
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• 2016

Purpose: Existing precedent studies include success factors of individual management innovation activities constantly. However, those studies have limitations about the common key success factors of individual management innovation activities. Methods: For this study, we investigate the key success factors using literature research of the most typical management innovation activities adopted and implemented by many companies in Korea, such as 6sigma, TQM, Lean 6sigma, ERP, TPM, BPR, Project Management, System Engineering. Factors emerging repeatedly was combined into common factors and inherent factors that are necessary for the success of individual management innovation activities are designated to essential factors. Results: 'Essential factors for Six Sigma' consist of 5 items. Black belt operating system, personnel management system linkage, the correct management of the data, perform improvement projects associated with financial performance financial result, linked to financial performance improvement project, project progress management. 'Essential factors of TQM' are arranged 4 items. Quality team's independence and role, goal-setting, Quality Information System, corporate's philosophy of quality first. 'Essential factors of Lean Six Sigma' are the selection of value stream which is based on the customer needs and the value creation and identify the project based on the selected value in the company. 'Essential factors of ERP' are investigated 6 items. Ongoing system maintenance and upgrades, the measurement and support of user satisfaction, the operating systems and the policies for the maintenance, IT infrastructure, change adaption condition monitoring, focusing on improving business performance. 'Essential factors for TPM' are arranged 4 items. Motivated and energetic Bottom-Up, CEO's recognition of the importance facility management, long-term perspective of necessity and ongoing patience. 'Essential factors for BPR' are the pursuit of change process and the staff's sense of crisis management. 'Essential factors for Project Management' are the strategy that reduce the risk management skills through risk management and the understanding and organized management for the project participant's needs. 'Essential factors for System Engineering' consist of 2 items. The first is the design for the best balanced system with pre-analysis about the compromise the cost, schedule and the performance. The second is the analysis of large problem into small problems which can solved. We have found the solution considering components of the interface through the systematic perspective. Conclusion: Common factors and essential factors presented in this study will properly help to introduce the individual management innovation activities for the each business sector and implement management innovation. After this study, new literature research that reflect new studies should accomplish steadily.