• 산업기술연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Recently, PMSMs(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors) have become increasingly popular in various high-performance motor drive applications. However, the high-performance drive of PMSMs needs a position sensor such as a resolver, which increases not only the price of the system but also reduces the system reliability. This paper is on the implementation of sensorless control of a SPMSM, which drives a fan for cooling in appliances. In this paper, the rotor position for high-performance drive of a SPMSM is derived from back electromotive force (EMF) information proportional to the rotor speed. Also, the initial rotor position information for start-up is estimated from a saturation phenomenon of inductance. The validity of the proposed sensorless drives was confirmed by the experiment on the SPMSM drive systems for cooling fans of refrigerators and laptop computers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.837-846
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 석탄 화력발전소(500[MW]) 보일러의 통풍계통에 적용되는 축류형 송풍기가 정상 운정 중 맥동과 같은 특수한 현상이 발생하게 되어 비정상적으로 운전함으로써 날개를 파손시키게 된다. 이러한 비정상 운전을 방지하기 위해 기존의 맥동 감시 장치에 본 연구에서 제안하는 제어 로직을 적용한 시스템에 대해 현장 실험을 통한 신뢰성 평가를 하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2017

연료전지 배터리 하이브리드 UPS용 연료전지 파워 팩 내부에 설치한 연료전지의 화학반응에 의해 생성되는 열을 제거하는데 어려움이 있다. 열을 제거하지 못할 경우 연료전지의 내구성과 성능에 영향을 끼쳐 수명 단축의 원인이 된다. UPS용 연료전지 파워 팩 제작을 위하여 연료전지의 적절한 냉각 방법을 선정하고 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목표이다. 냉각방법 선정을 위해 냉각 성능에 영향을 주는 각각의 설계 인자를 변화시키면서 연구를 수행하였다. 전산해석은 상용프로그램인 COMSOL Multiphysics로 수행하였다. 먼저 연료전지 스택의 냉각 팬의 위치를 상단과 하단에 배치했을 때 1 kW급 연료전지 스택 표면온도를 비교하였으며, 각각의 위치에 따른 냉각 팬의 회전속도를 2,500, 3,000, 3,500, 4,000 RPM으로 변경하여 적절한 냉각 팬의 속도를 결정하였다. 또한 파워 팩 외부에서 내부로 들어오는 공기의 입구인 그릴의 타공면적을 달리하여 내부로 들어오는 공기의 유량이 냉각에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 UPS용 연료전지 파워 팩 내부 연료전지의 열관리 기술개발에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2019

최근 국내 사장교는 경관적인 요소를 위하여 비정형적인 형태가 시도되고 있다. 새로운 기하구조가 적용된 사장교는 그 특성을 명확히 분석하여 구조안전성을 확보할 필요가 있다. 본 연구 대상 교량은 S자형 곡선 보도사장교로 S자형 평면곡선과 역삼각형트러스 횡단면을 가진 보강거더, 곡선반경 내측에 1면으로 배치된 경사 주탑과 modified Fan 타입 주케이블, 수직 백스테이케이블이 적용되었다. 곡선사장교는 직선사장교와 같이 종방향의 거동에만 초점을 두고 장력을 조정할 경우 횡방향으로 과다한 변위와 모멘트가 발생 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 주케이블이 교량의 횡방향 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서, 장력에 의한 주탑의 횡방향 변위 방향에 따라 케이블을 2개 그룹으로 나누었다. 지간중앙부 케이블 그룹을 GR1, 주탑지점부 케이블 그룹을 GR2라 할 때 GR1과 GR2의 조합비율이 보강거더, 받침, 주탑 그리고 수직앵커케이블에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상 교량에 적용된 장력비율을 1.0GR1+1.0GR2라 하였을 때, 1.2GR1+0.8GR2의 조합에서 주탑지점부 보강거더의 좌측과 우측 상현재 응력이 최소가 되었고, 좌우 부재의 편차도 최소가 되었다. 또한, 받침의 수평력, 주탑의 횡방향 변위와 모멘트, 수직백스테이케이블의 장력도 감소하였다. 본 연구는 유사한 기하구조를 가진 사장교의 장력 결정시 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2022

최근 4차 산업혁명으로 스마트팩토리를 구성하는 요소 기술의 중요성이 높아지고 있으며, 이러한 기술들을 학습하기 위한 도구로 시뮬레이션이 널리 이용되고 있다. 특히 PID제어는 실제 응용 분야에서 다양하게 사용되고 있는 자동제어 기법으로서, 대부분 특정 상황에서 수학적 모델을 분석하거나 제어기가 내장된 애플리케이션 개발에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 실제 교육적인 환경에서는 PID 제어 원리뿐만 아니라, 게인 값 조정 및 제어기 사용 방법 등에 대한 PID 시뮬레이터 교육이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 3D 시뮬레이션을 통해 다양한 PID 제어의 교육과 실습이 가능한 모델을 제안 한다. 제안 모델은 가상의 Ball과 Fan을 구현하여 Fan에서 발생한 공기 압력에 의해 Ball에 양력이 받을 수 있도록 시스템을 구성하여 PID 제어를 실시하였다. 이때 Ball의 높이를 PID제어기의 각 게인 값에 따라 그래프로 표현 후 실제 시스템과의 비교를 진행하였으며, 이를 통해 실제 수업에 충분히 적용할 만한 만족한 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 제안 모델을 통해 급격히 증가하는 스마트팩토리의 요소 기술을 원격 수업 환경에서 다양한 방법으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

A small unmanned helicopter was suggested to replace the conventional spray system. Aerial application using an agricultural helicopter helps precise and timely spraying, and reduces labor intensity and environmental pollution. In this research, a rotor system (SW05) was developed and its lift capability was evaluated. Lift force for the dead weight of the helicopter was obtained at the grip pitch angle of $12^{\circ}$. As the pitch angle increased to $14^{\circ}$ and $16^{\circ}$, the payload increased to 176 N and 216 N, respectively. Compared with SW04 airfoil performance in the total lift, the SW05 airfoil showed nearly the same capacity, but the payload of the SW05 was reduced because of the increased dead weight. A rated flight condition was defined as lifting mean payload of 294 N with the grip pitch angles of $16{\sim}17^{\circ}$ at the rotor rotating speed of 850~950 rpm for the adjusted engine power. The fuel consumption would be 4.8~6.0 L/hr, and the air temperature of cooling fan should be kept below $160^{\circ}C$.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Purpose: After the reform and opening up, China's overall economic development has entered a new era. From mutual investment and trade transactions between domestic provinces and regions to investment and trade with foreign companies, the continuous supplement of investment funds makes the follow-up development of all aspects of economic development smoother and has played a strong impetus. effect. Foreign direct investment has many influences on the economic development of a country or region. Research design, data and methodology: This article uses the sample data of Shandong Province from 2011 to 2019 to analyze the foreign direct investment in Shandong Province by industry, region, method and other aspects, and study the relationship and influence between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Results: The results show that there is a relatively close relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth, and it has played a role in promoting economic development in many aspects such as industrial structure, foreign trade, and employment. Conclusions: At the same time, corresponding suggestions are put forward based on the analysis and conclusions drawn.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2022

Considering the characteristics of industrial machines that lack vehicle-induced wind, forced convection by a cooling fan is mostly required. Therefore, numerical analysis of an engine room is usually performed to examine the cooling performance in the room. However, most engine rooms consist of a number of parts and components at specific positions, leading to high costs for numerical modeling and simulation. In this paper, a new methodology for three-dimensional computer-assisted design simplification was proposed, especially for the pile of components and parts at the engine room outlet. A porous media model and regression analysis were used to derive a meta-model for imitating the flow rate reduction at the outlet by the pile. The results showed that the fitted model was reasonable considering the coefficient of determination. The final numerical model of the engine room was then used to simulate the velocity distribution by changing the mass flow rate at the outlet. The results showed that both velocity distributions were significantly changed in each case and the meta-model was valid in imitating the flow rate reduction by some piles of components and parts.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.132-151
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• 1988

This study was conducted to establish the control program for preventing unfavorable health effects of nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) exposure in homes by preparing the fundamental data for evaluation of relation-ships between $NO_2$ levels and influencing factors through measurements of indoor-outdoor $NO_2$ levels and personal $NO_2$ exposures for housewives with questionnaire survey on 172 homes in Pusan area from April to June, 1987 $NO_2$ measurements were made by using diffusion tube samplers(Palmes tube $NO_2$ sampler) for one week at 4 sites in homes ; kitchen(KIT), bedroom(BED), living room(LIV), outdoor(OUT) and near the collar of housewives(personal exposure livel, PNO). The details of questionnaire were number of household members(FAM), number of regular smokers (SMOKER), daily number of meals eaten(MEAL), type of housing units(HOUSE), location of house with distance from the heavy traffic roads as walking time(DIST), and of kitchen(KAREA), kind of cooking fuels(FUEL), cooking time of each meal(CTIME), usage of kitchen fan for cooking(FAN), type of heating facilities(HEAT) and so on of subject homes. The Obtained results were as fellows : 1) The mean $NO_2$ level was significantly higher at indoors than outdoors(p<0.01) and the kitchen $NO_2$ level was the highest with $33.7{\pm}13.6ppb$(9.5-81.5ppb). The mean personal exposure level of $NO_2$ for housewives was $20.6{\pm}8.8ppb$(3.1-46.9ppb). 2) The mean indoor $NO_2$ level was significantly higher in the group of household members above 5 than below 4(p<0.05), in detached dwellings than apartments(p<0.001), within 5 minutes of distance than over 5 minutes(p<0.001), in the group of unusing fan(p<0.001), in the group of longer cooking time(p<0.001), and it was in order of coal briquette, gas, electricity and oil by kind of cooking fuels(p<0.05). 3) Variables showing significant correlation(p<0.001) with indoor $NO_2$ level were kitchen $NO_2$ level(r=0.8677), cooking time(r=0.5921), outdoor $NO_2$ level(r=0.5192), personal $NO_2$ exposure level(r=0.4615), usage of kitchen fan(r=0.3573) and location of house(r=-0.2988) 4) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the most significant influencing variable to the kitchen $NO_2$ level was cooking time[KIT=$-0.378{\pm}11.772$(CTIME)+0.298(OUT)+3.102(FAN)], it was kitchen $NO_2$ level to the indoor $NO_2$ level[IND=6.996+0.458(KIT)+0.230(OUT)-1.127(KAREA)], and it was indoor $NO_2$ level to the personal $NO_2$ exposure level[PNO=15.562+0.729(IND)-4.542(DIST)-0.200(KIT)] 5) It was recognized that aritificial ventilation in the kitchen, suppression of unnecessary combustion and replacement of cooking fuel, as much as possible, were effective means for decreasing indoor $NO_2$ levels in homes.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

In this paper, soilless cucumber cultivation was investigated, fermented fertilizer to increase the cucumber yield was considered, and the greenhouse temperature control system for cucumber cultivation is developed. To do this, perlite was proposed to replace soil as growth medium. Fermented cows and pigs manure was proposed as plant fertilizer. Combination of fan, water sprinkler, and pipe heating system was proposed to control the greenhouse temperature. However, because this research was conducted during the summer, the greenhouse system observed in this study only focused on variations in the flow rate of the water sprinkles used. The experimental result shows that soilless culture in the greenhouse could be an alternative to traditional field production for high-value vegetable crops. Furthermore, application of fermented fertilizer of 10% could enhance the growth and increase the yield and quality of crops. The proposed sprinkler flow rate is best suited for cucumber crop with the best thrives was 0.846 kg/s.