• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-126
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• 2004

Japan's economic clusters are characterized by their high level of diversity. In essence, Japanese economic clusters are not limited to single industries; they comprise numerous manufacturing industries and firms which cluster in specific heterogeneous economic zones, vice political boundaries. Japanese manufacturing sectors are showing an increased level of diversity, resulting in the spread of experience and knowledge among clusters, and sustained growth at the point of industrial structural transformation. Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) proposed the creation of intellectual clusters for the purpose of promoting research and development(R&D) activities resulting in the stimulation and development of new technologies. The Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI) is also proposing the industrial cluster plan with the aim to promote the local rebirth and revitalization of the Japanese industrial sector. This paper proposes a methodological analysis which will result in the integration of the two policies currently implemented by the Japanese government. If the current policies are not coordinated and integrated, artificial firms and sectors will continue to hamper innovation and discourage competitiveness, which will ultimately result in Japan's loss of economic opportunities within Asia. In the worst case, failure to act on current economic deficiencies illuminated in this paper could cost Japan its position as an Asian economic leader.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.225-255
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• 2005

The similar point of the 19 regional industrial clusters of Japan is that all of the clusters are not limited to an administrational district but rather covers a larger area. When a cluster covers a larger area, there is problem of acquiring responsible businesses and interactive planing. In order to overcome such a problem, private coordinating organizations have been installed and operated to connect and manage inter-activities of industries, universities, and research institutes. TAMA, a private coordinating organization, differs from other associations in a way that it does not deal with one specific field or business. TAMA rather dealswith various product-developing small to middle size companies by offering strategic support for the development of new technologies and expansion of new businesses. Product-developing small to middle size companies comparatively have their own abilities for technological development and marketing which is quite different from other subcontract companies and their relations to large corporations. In such aspect, product-developing companies are actually similar to large corporations with competitiveness in the world market.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2006

This paper reviews regional innovation policy in Japan. 'Technopolis' policy, the first technology-based regional development policy in the world, was implemented in Japan. Nonetheless, technology-based regional endogenous development did not occur. Then, regional technology transfer was pursued. In order to make use of universities and public research institutes in a region for development, university-industry collaboration and cross-over, such as university spin-offs, were promoted. Within this background, new technology-based regional development policies have been introduced based on a cluster approach. These policies are the knowledge cluster Initiative and the industrial cluster program. However, existing companies have difficulty in carrying out innovation. This paper argues that a cluster to create new start-ups that carry out innovation is also needed and explains a new concept of venturing cluster. Based on this new cluster concept, this paper analyzes the situation of Sapporo in Japan, where many university spin-offs are being created in the biotechnology field.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.207-222
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• 2005

A prerequisite for making R&D more productive is to able to measure its productivity. Most of the previous studies on this topic have attempted to measure R&D productivity at the firm or industry levels. In this study, however, R&D productivity is measured at the national level to provide R&D policy implications, particularly for Asian countries. Contrary to the previous studies where total factor productivity was adopted, this study employs the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure R&D productivity. DEA is a multi-factor productivity analysis model for measuring the relative efficiency of each Decision Making Unit (DMU). In addition to the basic DEA model that includes all inputs and outputs, five additional models are constructed by combining single input with all outputs and single output with all inputs in order to measure specialized R&D efficiency. In this study, the twenty-seven countries are classified into four clusters based on the output-specialized R&D efficiency: inventors, merchandisers, academicians, and duds. Then, the characteristics of the Asian countries with respect to R&D efficiency are identified. It is found that Singapore ranks high in total efficiency, and Japan in patent-oriented efficiency. Meanwhile, China, Korea, and Taiwan are found to be relatively inefficient in R&D. We expect that the findings from this study will be able to provide directions for R&D policy-making of the Asian countries.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.118-124
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• 2000

Zn-resistant Methylosobacterium strains were isolated from several non-polluted soil samples collected in all over Japan. Zn-resistant Methylosobacterium strains were predominantly detected in all soil samples and they were also characterized as a UV-tolerant bacteria. The MIC test revealed that the isolates have high zinc resistance in comparison with that of reference Methylosobacterium strains obtained from culture collections. The 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clusters designated as cluster A and cluster B in the present study. All isolates were distributed only in the cluster A. The phylogenetic clustering also well coincided with the differences in the pattern of carbon source utilization.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2004

현재 우리나라의 국가경쟁력을 제고하기 위한 방안으로 활발히 추진되고 있는 정책은 지역별 산업 특수성에 기반한 혁신 클러스터 구축이라 볼 수 있다. 이러한 혁신 클러스터를 구축하는데 있어 각 부처별로 지역경제 주체들의 효율적인 운영 및 사업행위를 위한 지원 및 매개 시스템을 과잉 구축함으로써 정책적 제도적 중복지원이 발생하여 그 효율성을 감소 시키고 있다. 따라서 이를 효율적으로 일괄 지원할 수 있는 중심연계 거점기관 육성이 핵심적 과제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 선진사례로써 일본의 혁신 클러스터에서 핵심적인 중심연계기관 역할을 담당하고 있는 카나카와 사이언스 파크 (Kanagawa Science Park: KSP)를 고찰함으로써 우리나라 혁신 클러스터 구축을 위한 정책적 함의를 도출하는데 주 목적을 둔다. KSP는 (주)KSP (재)카나가와 하이테크재단 (Kanagawa High-Technology Foundation KTF)와 (재)카나가와 과학기술 아카데키(Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology Foundation: KAST)로 나뉘어져 기관별 지원분업 형태로 운영되고 있으며, 이들간의 밀접한 네트워크를 형성하여 실질적인 연구개발에서 상용화에 이르기까지의 일괄지원시스템을 갖추고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 혁신 클러스터를 구성하는 경제주체들 간에 필요한 기술, 지식 및 정보가 원활히 이전될 수 있도록 하는 중심연계기관의 역할을 하고 있다. 이와 같은 KSP 운영시스템의 사례연구를 토대로 본 논문은 우리나라의 지역적 특성에 맞는 일괄지원시스템 기반의 중심연계기관의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.275-304
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• 2014

일본의 지방자치단체는 급속한 세계화의 진전으로 인한 치열한 국제경쟁, 인구감소, 저출산 및 고령화, 재정적자의 확대 등 대내외 어려운 상황에서 국내외 지역과의 제휴 및 협력관계로 경제효과를 극대화하는 지역 활성화를 꾀하고 있으며 지역이 가지고 있는 인적 물적자원의 효율적인 배분을 통한 산업지원, 재정확보, 행정의 효율화 등을 목적으로 한 광역경제권 형성이 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 특히 간사이 광역연합은 지역산업클러스터 정책 등 광역경제권이 필요로 하는 성장전략을 통합적으로 기획하고 권역 내 자치기구의 성장전략을 조정하는 등 지역경제를 활성화하려는 시도를 추진하고 있으며 현재 광역권내 투자계획 및 조정역할을 간사이 광역연합이 담당하고 있는 등 광역연합의 위상이 한층 제고되고 있다. 급속한 세계화와 정보화가 진행되고 있는 가운데 지역의 다양한 수요를 충족시켜 효용극대화를 위해서는 국제교류의 주체도 중앙정부에서 지역정부로 이전될 필요가 있다. 외국의 광역지방자치단체와의 국제교류와 국제통상 그리고 산업클러스터 형성은 외부경제효과를 통한 양지역의 기술진보과 규모의 경제효과를 실현시켜 지역경제의 활성화를 실현하는 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.207-214
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• 2023

Lindera obtusiloba (Lauraceae) is a dioecious tree that is widely distributed in the low-altitude montane forests of East Asia, including Korea. Despite its various pharmacological properties and ornamental value, the genetic diversity and population structure of this species in Korea have not been explored. In this study, we selected 6 nuclear and 6 chloroplast microsatellite markers with polymorphism or clean cross-amplification and used these markers to perform genetic diversity and population structure analyses of L. obtusiloba samples collected from 20 geographical regions. Using these 12 markers, we identified a total of 44 alleles, ranging from 1 to 8 per locus, and the average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.11 and 0.44, respectively. The average polymorphism information content was 0.39. Genetic relationship and population structure analyses revealed that the natural L. obtusiloba population in Korea is composed of 2 clusters, possibly due to two different plastid genotypes. The same clustering patterns have also been observed in Lindera species in mainland China and Japan.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

4차 산업혁명 시대를 선도하기 위해 국가 차원에서 독창적인 연구 방향을 설정하는 전략이 요구된다. 이를 위해 기술 선도 국가들의 4차 산업혁명 관련 연구·개발 활동을 조망할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 인공지능 등 최첨단 과학기술 정보 연구를 수행하는 미국의 정보고등연구기획국(IARPA)의 연구 프로그램들을 네트워크 분석한다. 분석 결과, IARPA의 연구 프로그램들은 정보 식별과 예측, 의사결정 그리고 사이버보안 클러스터들을 형성하며 이들 클러스터는 숨겨진 정보를 식별하고 특정한 사건을 예측하거나, 조직의 내·외부 환경 변화를 고려하여 의사결정을 지원하거나, 사이버보안을 확보하는 것에 주안점을 두고 있었다. 또한 아시아의 기술 선도 국가인 중국과 일본은 과학기술 정책 수립을 위해 IARPA 연구 프로그램들을 참고하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 4차 산업혁명 시대에 대응하기 위한 우리나라의 과학기술 정책 수립과 관련된 시사점을 제시한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Since aging has become one of most hot and serious issues in the whole global world, universal design as a strategic concept to enable the elderly age in place has received much attention and its importance is getting recognized. Japan has undergone the Aging phenomenon much earlier than Korea and other countries. During that time, through much trials and errors, it accumulated the wisdoms and techniques to precede aging friendly environment and products. Therefore current Japan house is a comprehensive setting which embraces lots of universal design features that has a valuable implication for Korean development that faces fast aging future. The purpose of this study was to delineate characteristics of universal design features appeared in Japanese Model houses. One site of housing park in the city where various model houses of representative housing construction companies was selected as a cluster area for data collecting. Data were collected mainly through field survey at the housing park of Tokyo during November, 2006, and additional data were collected through website and company information of relevant company. Universal design features were extracted for 17 houses of the housing park and sorted and analyzed according to the analysis frame. The frame were made using 2 major clusters; space area, and 8 universal design principle. Results showed a range of universal design feature and its detail universal design principle satisfied. The 8 principle currently developed became to house realistic practical examples and theory became proved its impractical power. The academic, educational and industrial implication were documented.