• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 강원도 원주 지역에서 발굴된 귀래2리 1호 가마터와 2호 가마터에서 출토된 백자의 제작 기술 및 사용 원료의 특징을 살펴보고 출토 백자 원료의 연관성을 도출하고자 하였다. X-선 형광분석기(XRF)와 X-선 회절분석(XRD), 열팽창계수 측정(Dilatometer), 유도결합 플라즈마 질량 분석법(ICP-MS) 및 유도결합 플라스마 방출 분광법(ICP-AES)을 이용하여 대상 시편에 대해서 각각 화학 조성과 결정상, 소성온도, 미량원소 및 희토류원소 등을 분석하였다. 귀래2리 가마터 출토 백자는 착색 산화물과 융제의 함유량이 높은 특징을 나타낸다. 소성온도는 시편마다 차이가 있지만 대부분 $1200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 소성 되었으며 일부 시편은 $1000^{\circ}C{\pm}20^{\circ}C$에서 저온 소성되었고 귀래2리 1호 가마터 출토 백자 중 일부는 $1200^{\circ}C$ 이상 고온에서 소성되었다. 분석 대상 백자의 태토를 XRD 분석한 결과 모두 quartz와 mullite가 검출 되었으며 quartz와 mullite의 검출 비율은 모두 비슷하다. 출토된 백자 태토의 제겔식을 이용한 분석 결과 대상 백자 모두 같은 영역에서 군집하여 태토 원료와 제작 기법의 유사성을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 희토류 원소 분석 결과를 통하여 분석 대상 백자는 지질학적 성인이 동일한 모암으로 제작했음을 알 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2006

Various extraction procedures were investigated using reference materials and samples to evaluate extraction efficiency and effectiveness. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure total arsenic and to quantitate arsenic species when coupled to an HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography). Arsenic species were extracted from rice flour (NIST SRM 1568a) with water/methanol mixtures using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Total arsenic extraction efficiency ranged from 42 to 64%, for water and various methanol concentrations. From spinach (NIST SRM 1570), freeze-dried apple, and rice flour (NIST SRM 1568a), arsenic species were extracted with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 100 ${^{\circ}C}$. Total arsenic extraction efficiency was 90% for spinach, 75% for freeze-dried apple, and 83% for rice flour. Enzymatic extraction with alpha-amylase and sonication resulted in extraction efficiency of 104% for rice flour, 98% for freeze-dried apple, and 7% for spinach. Chromatograms of arsenic species extracted by the optimum extraction methods were obtained, and the species were quantified. Arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were found in the apple sample, and DMA and As(V) in the rice flour sample. As(V) and MMA were found in three herbal dietary supplement samples.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2021

A new ionic liquid functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticle was synthesized and characterized and tested as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was used for magnetic solid phase extraction on ICP-MS method. Simultaneous determination of precious metal Au has been addressed. The method is simple and fast and has been applied to standard water and surface water analysis. A new method for separation/analysis of trace precious metal Au by Magnetron Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE) combined with ICP-MS. The element to be tested is rapidly adsorbed on CoFe2O4@SiO2@[BMIM]PF6 composite nano-adsorbent and eluted with thiourea. The method has a preconcentration factor of 9.5-fold. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of gold in actual water samples. Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) coated CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles with core-shell structure to prepare magnetic solid phase extraction agent (CoFe2O4@SiO2@ILs) and establish a new method of MSPE coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for separation/analysis of trace gold. The results showed that trace gold was adsorbed rapidly by CoFe2O4@SiO2@[BMIM]PF6 and eluanted by thiourea. Under the optimal conditions, preconcentration factor of the proposed method was 9.5-fold. The linear range, detection limit, correlation coefficient (R) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were found to be 0.01~1000.00 ng·mL-1, 0.001 ng·mL-1, 0.9990 and 3.4% (n = 11, c = 4.5 ng·mL-1). The CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles could be used repeatedly for 8 times. This proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace gold in water samples.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary magnesium (Mg) levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and both ASD and ADHD to reveal potential interactive effects. Methods: A total of 148 boys aged 4-9 years old were enrolled in this study, including 44 children with ADHD, 40 pediatric patients with ASD, 32 patients with both ADHD and ASD, as well as 32 healthy neurotypical children. Hair, serum, and urinary Mg levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory quality control was performed using certified reference materials of human hair, plasma, and urine. Results: No significant group difference in serum Mg levels was observed. Mg content in hair was found to be reduced in children with ADHD and ADHD+ASD compared to that in healthy controls by 11% and 15%, respectively. Urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD+ASD exceeded the control, ADHD, and ASD values by 51, 76, and 65%, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed significant contribution of ADHD to hair and urinary Mg levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hair and urinary Mg levels were considered as significant predictors of neurodevelopmental disorder complexity. Conclusion: We propose that impaired Mg status may provide a link between ADHD and ASD.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.528-533
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• 1999

유도결합 플라스마-질랑분석법을 이용하여 혈청, 생우유 및 사료첨가제 중 요오드를 정량하였다. 시료를 매트릭스 변형제인 $NH_4OH$(0.5% v/v)+$CH_3OH$(5% v/v) 혼합용액으로 25배 묽힌 다음, m/z=127에서 이온세기를 측정하였다. 이 방법에 대한 요오드의 검정곡선은 $0-100{\mu}g/L$ 범위에서 상관계수($R^2$)가 0.99인 직선관계를 나타내었으며, 검출한계는 $0.084{\mu}g/L$이었다. 최적 분석 및 기기 조건에서 분유 표준시료를 분석한 결과 상대오차는 2.30-4.73% 범위이었다. 또한 혈청, 생우유, 동물의 사료 첨가제 등과 같은 실제시료를 분석한 결과 요오드의 함유량은 각각 $12.4-40.2{\mu}g/L$, < 0.01-3.11 mg/L,< $10^{-7}-2.60g/kg$ 범위이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.405-425
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to review the methodologies for evaluation of consumer spray products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENM), particularly focusing on inhalation exposure. Method: Literature on the evaluation methods for aerosolized ENM exposure from consumer spray products were collected through academic web searching. Common methodologies used in the literature, including research reports and academic articles, were also introduced. Results: The number of ENM-containing products have shown a considerable increase over recent years, from 54 in 2005 to 1,827 in 2018. Currently there is still discussion over the existing regulations with regard to product safety. Analysis of both ENM suspensions in the products and their aerosols is important for risk assessment. Comparison between the phases suggests how the size and concentration of particles change during the spray process. To analyze the ENM suspensions, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy techniques, and inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry were used. In the aerosol monitoring, direct-reading instruments have been used to monitor the aerosols and conventional active sampling is used together to supplement the lack of real-time monitoring. There are also some models for estimating inhalation exposure. These models may be used to estimate mass exposure to nanomaterials contained in consumer products. Conclusion: Although there is no standardized method to evaluate ENM exposure from consumer products, many concerns about ENM have emerged. Every potential measure to reduce exposure to ENM from spray product use should be implemented through a precautionary recognition.

• 분석과학
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.436-445
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• 2015

한약재 중 항산화 작용이 있다고 알려진 사인(Amomi Fructus)을 SDE (simultaneous distillation extraction) 방법으로 정유(essential oil)를 추출하고 GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)를 이용하여 39개의 성분을 규명하였으며, 주요 성분은 camphor, borneol acetate, borneol, D-limonene 및 camphene이었다. 유기용매 3가지(헥세인, 다이에틸 에터 및 다이클로로메테인)를 이용하여 얻은 용매 추출물에서 정유성분 이외에 추가로 4개의 성분을 규명하였으며, 주요 5개 성분은 동일하였으나 상대적인 면적 비율은 차이가 있었다. 특정온도와 휘발 조건에서 정유와 용매 추출물에서 휘발하는 물질들의 종류와 상대적인 비율을 측정하기 위하여 dynamic headspace를 이용하여 특정 조건에서 휘발하는 물질들을 트랩에 포집한 후 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 사인으로부터 SDE 방법에 의해 정유를 추출하는 방법의 회수율을 장뇌(camphor)를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 장뇌의 회수율은 82.0% 이었다. 사인에서 Hg의 함량은 수은 분석기로 측정하였으며, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu 와 Zn은 ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer)로 측정하였다. 사인에서 Pb, Cd 및 Hg이 각각 0.72 mg/kg, <0.10 mg/kg 및 0.0023 mg/kg 검출되었으며, 이는 순도시험 허용기준치 이하의 값들이었다. 사인에서 Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu와 Zn의 함량을 조사한 결과 Mn (213 mg/kg), Cu (8.29 mg/kg) 및 Zn (31.0 mg/kg)등이 비교적 높은 함량으로 검출되었으며, 정유와 용매 추출물에서도 Mn (0.65~9.08 mg/kg), Cu (1.16~4.40 mg/kg) 및 Zn (1.10~3.80 mg/kg)이 검출되었다. 이들 금속성분이 사인에서 기인하는 것인지 아니면 유통과정이나 취급과정에서 오염된 것인지의 여부 규명이 필요하며, 또한 이런 금속들이 생물학적 활성 연구에 어떤 영향 주는지도 규명할 필요가 있다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2020

Municipal solid waste disposal is considered as one of the most important risks for environmental contamination which necessitates the development of strategies to reduce destructive consequences on the ecosystem as related especially to heavy metal accumulation. This study investigates heavy metal (i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) accumulation in the Tonekabon region, NW of Iran that is related to city waste disposal and evaluates the environmental impact in the Caspian Sea coastal region. For this purpose, after performing field studies and collecting 50 soil specimens from 5 sites of the study area, geochemical tests (i.e., inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence) were conducted on the soil specimens collected from the 5 sites (named as Sites A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) and the results were used to estimate the pollution indices (i.e., geo-accumulation index, normalized enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index). The obtained indices were utilized to assess the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill site which indicated that the city has been severely contaminated by Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. These levels have been developed along the stream towards the nearshore areas indicating uptake of soil degradation. The heavy metal contamination was classified to range from unpolluted to highly polluted, which indicated serious heavy metal pollution in the study area as related to municipal solid waste disposal in Tonekabon.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

Background: The flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus has the widest distribution among mugilid species. Recent studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that the species comprises at least 14 different groups, three of which occur in the northwest Pacific. We analyzed the otolith microchemistry of M. cephalus at several locations in Korea to improve understanding of migration pattern and population origin. Results: We collected 123 sagittal otoliths from seven locations and determined their concentrations of eight elements (⁷Li, ²⁴Mg, ⁵⁵Mn, ⁵⁷Fe, ⁶⁰Ni, ⁶³Cu, ⁸⁸Sr, and ¹³⁸Ba) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean otolith elemental ratios differed significantly among the locations. The Sr:Ca, Fe:Ca, and Ba:Ca ratios were significantly higher than others, and useful chemical signatures for investigating the habitat use of M. cephalus populations. We identified five diverse and complicated migration patterns using the otolith data that we collected: estuarine resident (type I), freshwater migrant (type II), estuarine migrant (type III), seawater resident (type IV), and seawater migrant (type V). A canonical discriminant analysis plot revealed separation of two groups (type II in the Yellow Sea vs. other types in remaining locations). Two locations on Jeju Island, despite their close proximity, had fish with quite different migration patterns, corroborating previous molecular studies that distinguished two groups of fishes. Conclusion: We successfully showed that the migration patterns of the Korean mullet varied by location. Only fish from the western sector of Jeju had a unique migration pattern, which is likely confined population in this area. Among the eight otolith elements measured, the Sr:Ca ratio was found to be the best indicator of migration pattern and population origin.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2013

Objectives: Although several cases of lung diseases caused by indium have been reported in Japan, the United States and China, South Korea, which is estimated to have been the world's largest consumer of indium, has not yet established a criteria for the diagnosis of lung diseases caused by indium exposure. In this study, we tried to determine the applicability of the Krebs von den lungen-6, which has been widely recognized for its use with interstitial lung disease in Japan, as a biological exposure index for indium. Methods: Methods: The analysis of indium in serum was conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the analysis of KL-6 in serum was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The indium levels in serum were distributed from below the detection limit to a peak of $125.78{\mu}g/L$, and the values of the KL-6 were distributed from 104.5 U/mL to 2162.2 U/mL. The serum indium and KL-6 showed good correlation ($R^2$=0.389,pfortrend=0.000) and smoking did not affect the KL-6. Conclusions: The usefulness of KL-6 as a specific biomarker for interstitial lung disease has been recognized. In addition, it is expected that effective prevention of health problems can be achieved by determining the lung-damage progress at an early stage according to individual susceptibility.