• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-14}$ m and then the converging $\pi$-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion, because of the $\pi$-rays'hindrances, nearthenucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. Conventional Concept of Electric Field must be extended in the case of the direct and alternating current. Conventional concept is based on coulomb's force while the electric potential in the direct and alternating current is from Gibb's free energy. And also conventional concept has not any consciousness with human being but the latters has a conscious sensibility. The cell emf is from the kinetic energy of the open $\pi$-rays flow through the conducting wire. The electric potential in alternating current is from that the trans-orbital moving of the induced change of magnetic field in the wire produces flows of open $\pi$-rays, which push the rotating electrons on the orbital and then make the current flow. Human consciousness can induce a resonance with the sensibility of the open $\pi$-rays in the electric measuring equipment. Specially treated acupunctures with Nasucon is for sending an acupunctural effect from one place to another via space by someone's will power.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.504-511
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• 2010

Diabetes is a disease that contains a high concentration of glucose in blood and due to defects in either insulin secretion or insulin action. Although the distinctive causes and factors of diabetes have not been clarified, the genetic factors are suggested as a main susceptibility until now. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), as the most common genetic variation, has an influence on personal susceptibility for diseases. A nonsynonymous SNP, which changes the amino acid of the protein and its function, is especially important. Therefore, this study hypothesized that there are associations between specific SNPs of the targeted genes. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) genes were selected as target genes from the results of genome-wide association and other related research studies. Second, four nonsynonymous SNPs (three in TCF7L2 and one in FTO gene) were selected as target SNPs by using public database of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). The recruited personnel was classified into three subgroups of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and normal groups. The individual genotypes of each group were analyzed by resequencing. None of genetic variations at four targeted SNP sites was revealed in all samples of this study. However, this study found two new SNPs that were not reported in TCF7L2 gene. One is synonymous SNP, which is heterozygous of C/T and no amino acid change of asparagine/asparagines, was located at c1641 and found in one normal person. Another is nonsynonymous SNP, which is heterozygous of G/A, was located at c1501 and found in two samples. This new discovered nonsynonymous SNP induce the amino acid change from alanine to threonine. Moreover, this new nonsynonymous SNP was found among two persons, one of whom was a diabetes patient and the other one was a person at boundary between IFG and normal, suggesting that this variant might be associated with IFG or diabetes. Even if there is a limitation of sample number for statistical power, this study has an importance due to the discovery of new SNPs. In the future study, a large sample number of diabetes cohort will be needed to investigate the frequency and association with new discovered SNP.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2008

Purpose: The scan time reduction helps to yield more accurate results and induce the minimization of patient's motion. Also we can expect that satisfaction of examination will increase. Nowdays medical equipment companies have developed various programs to reduce scan time. We used Onco. Flash (Pixon method, SIEMENS) that is an image processing technique gated cardiac blood pool scan and going to evaluate its clinical usefullness. Materials and Method: We analyzed the 50 patients who were examined by gated blood pool scan in nuclear medicine department of Asan Mediacal Center from June $20^{th}$ 2008 to August $14^{th}$ 2008. We acquired the Full-time (6000 Kcounts) and Half-time (3000 Kcounts) LAO image in same position. And we acquired LVEF values ten times from Full-time, Half-time images acquired by the image processing technique and analyzed its mean and standard deviation values. To estimate LVEF in same conditions, we set automatic location of the LV ROI and background ROI based on same X and Y-axis. Also we performed blinding tests to physician. Results: After making a quantitative analysis of the 50 patients EF values, each mean${\pm}$standard deviation is shown at Full-time image $68.12{\pm}7.84%$, Half- time (acquired by imaging processing technique) $68.49{\pm}8.73%$. In the 95% confidence limit, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). After blinding test with a physician for making a qualitative analysis, there was no difference between Full-time image and Half-time image acquired by the image processing technique for observing LV myocardial wall motion. Conclusion: Gated cardiac blood pool scan has been reported its relatively exact EF measured results than ultrasound or CT. But gated cardiac blood pool scan takes relatively longer time than other exams and now it needs to improve time competitive power. If we adapt Half-time technique to gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy based on this study, we expect to reduce possible artifacts and improve accessibility as well as flexibility to exam. Also we expect patient's satisfaction.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

In order to overcome these disadvantages, the halogen light source, which was previously used as a vehicle fog light, has increased power consumption and a short lifetime, and thus, an automobile light source is gradually being replaced with an LED. However, when the vehicle LED fog light is turned on, there is a disadvantage in reducing the life of the fog lamp due to the high heat generated from the LED. The heat generated by the LED inside the fog lamp is mainly emitted by the heatsink, but most of the remaining heat is released to the outside through convection. When cooling efficiency decreases due to convection, thermal energy generates heat to lenses, reflectors, and bezels, which are the main parts of lamps, or generates high temperatures in LED, thereby shortening the life of LED fog lights. In this study, we tried to improve the heat dissipation performance by convection in addition to the heat dissipation method by heat sink, and to determine the installation location of vents that can discharge the internal air or intake the external air of LED fog lamp for vehicle. Thermal fluid analysis was performed to ensure that the optimal data were reflected in the design. The average velocity of air increased in the order of Case3 and Case2 compared to Case1, which is the existing prototype, and the increase rate of Case3 was relatively higher than that of other cases. This is because the vents installed above and below the fog lamps induce the convective phenomena generated according to the temperature difference, and the heat is efficiently discharged with the increase of the air speed.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.246-257
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• 2009

Regarding climate change, the most significant challenge the world faces is achieving the goal of stabilizing the global concentration of greenhouse gases. However, this cannot be accomplished by greenhouse gas reduction efforts of developed countries alone. In this context, a "sectoral approach" has been brought up as a way to overcome the limit of the Kyoto Protocol and induce the participation of developing countries. This paper focuses on the different types of sectoral approaches that have been suggested so far, and their criteria, scope and effectiveness. It therefore explores the potential each approach has as a policy alternative under the post-2012 scheme. On top of that, with the possibility of these sectoral approaches becoming strong future policy alternatives in mind, this paper also analyzes their applicability to the Korean industry. For the steel, petrochemical and oil industries - in which energy efficiency exceeds the world average- a technology-based approach is proposed as an alternative. For the cement, paper and power generation industries - in which energy efficiency is about the same as the global average - a sectoral crediting mechanism or an index-based approach or a sector-wide transnational approach are proposed as alternatives. Lastly, this paper suggests a future research direction for their adoption and implementation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.656-662
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• 2013

The iron oxide ($Fe_3O_4$) particles in the coolant of the secondary system of a nuclear power plant reduce the heat transfer performance or induce corrosion on the surface of the heat transfer tube. To prevent these problems, we conducted a study to improve the dispersion stability of iron oxide using polymeric dispersant injection in simulated secondary system water. The three kinds of anionic polymers containing carboxyl groups were selected. The dispersion characteristics of the iron oxide particles with the polymeric dispersants were evaluated by performing a settling test and measuring the transmission, the zeta potential, and the hydrodynamic particle size of the colloid solutions. Polymeric dispersants had a significant impact on the iron oxide dispersion stability in an aqueous solution. While the dispersant injection tended to improve the dispersion stability, the dispersion stability of iron oxide did not increase linearly with an increase in the dispersant concentration. This non-linearity is due to the agglomerations between the iron oxide particles above a critical dispersant concentration. The effect of the dispersant on the dispersion stability improvement was significant when the dispersant concentration ratio (ppm, dispersant/magnetite) was in the range of 0.1 to 0.01. This suggests that the optimization of dispersant concentration is required to maximize the iron oxide removal effect with the dispersant injection considering the applied environments, the iron oxide concentration and the concentration ratio of dispersant to iron oxide.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.172-181
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• 2012

The film industry is a high value-added industry, boosts the self-esteem of the people as a measure of a country's culture industry, and is one of the strategic industries to be fostered. However, the film industry is struggling due to the lack of national consensus on the importance and value of the film industry. Therefore, in order to resolve this issue, the study used the film Input-Output Table of year 2009 of korea to analyze how much the film industry contributes to the national economy. The results shows that film industry induce 82,838.7 billion won of national production, especially the film industry(the sector of film product & distribution and film screenings) shows that production inducement coefficient is 2.324(2.240, 2.478), Index of the power of dispersion is 1.163(1.121, 1.240), index of the sensitivity of dispersion is 0.825(0.825, 0.501), value-added coefficient is 0.884(0.479, 0.547), income inducement coefficient is 0.454(0.211, 0.236), tax inducement coefficient is 0.110(0.090, 0.146) and employment inducement coefficient is 0.017(0.014, 0.022).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

The operation of tidal power facility may induce severe changes of water quality in Shihwa Lake. Current water quality data are quite important to water quality management policy of Shihwa Lake. Thus, the water quality data of Shihwa Lake and its adjacent sea in 2010 were presented to characterize the temporal and spatial changes of water parameters such as pH, SS, DO, COD, dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll-a, TN and TP. Highest levels of water quality parameters were observed near the Shihwa and Banweol industrial complexes and the levels of water quality parameters were on a decreasing trend to those near the water gate. It suggests that the horizontal distributions of water quality levels are mainly controlled by the supply of fresh water from streams and the inflow of outer seawater by operation of water gate. Although the higher concentrations of TN and TP were observed in the location being affected by Sorae port, the levels of water quality parameters in outer sea of Shihwa Lake were lower than those in Lake. In summer season, hypoxic condition was well developed in bottom water by strong stratification and active decomposition of organic matter. Thus, the vertical distributions of dissolved nutrient, TN and TP concentrations showed the concentrations to be higher in bottom seawater than those in surface seawater whereas the vertical distributions of chlorophyll-a, COD and POC concentrations showed the concentrations to be higher in surface seawater than those in bottom water. Results of Pearson's correlation matrix for surface seawater demonstrated that salinity showed negatively good correlation with not only dissolved nutrients except for ammonium but chlorophyll-a, COD and POC This result indicates that the supply of dissolved nutrients through several streams might significantly affect phytoplankton bloom and increase of COD concentration in surface seawater.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.565-575
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of weight of load and time on the physical workload of repetitive upper-limb tasks with handling light weight loads using EMG and perceived discomfort, and to investigate the relationship between EMG and perceived discomfort for those repetitive tasks of moving light weight loads. Background: Repetitive upper-limb motion is known as one of the main risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and a lot of repetitive tasks are carried out while handling light weight loads in the industry. In evaluating the workload of repetitive tasks handling light weight loads, EMG and perceived discomfort can be used, though their relationship in those work conditions are not much investigated. Method: A laboratory experiment with 18 healthy males were conducted to record EMG signals from 5 muscle sites of the right arm and shoulder and rate perceived discomforts for the body parts and the whole body while carrying out repetitive materials-handling tasks for 52min. The subjects were divided into 3 groups which handled the loads of 1kg, 2kg and 3kg, respectively. ANOVAs were conducted to analyze the effects of the weight and time on RMS of EMG amplitude (normalized RMS: NRMS), median frequency of power spectrum of EMG (normalized MDF: NMDF) and perceived discomfort. The correlations between NRMS and NMDF and perceived discomfort were also analyzed. Results: Statistically significant muscular fatigue effects were not found from NRMS and NMDF in most muscles, while there were significant increases of discomfort as the task time elapsed. It was shown that there were an increasing trend of the muscular activity as the weight of load increased and a decreasing trend of median frequency of EMG of upper and lower arms as time elapsed. It was found that there were significant negative correlations between NMDFs from the lower arm and discomfort ratings, though the relationships were weak. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the working conditions adopted in this study were not enough to induce muscular fatigue, while there was significant increase in perceived discomfort. A further study is necessary to integrate the objective and subjective measures for more reliable and sensitive evaluation of workload of repetitive tasks of handling light weight loads. Application: This study can be used as a basic study for the evaluation of workload of repetitive tasks handling light weight loads.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 2007

The biological activities of methanol extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai, such as antioxidation, anticancer and immuno-activity, were investigated in relation to development of functional foods. Anti-oxidation activity in the methanol extracts were assessed by hydrogen donating activity, reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Activities were dose-dependent over concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, with thehydrogen donating activity being over 50% at 1 mg/mL concentration. The methanol extracts inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed by fluorescence microcopy in the cells treated with the extracts for 24 hr. Caspase-3 activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with the extracts relative to control cells. The extracts did not induce the proliferation of mouse spleen cells or NO production in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). These results show that the methanol extract had slight anti-oxidative activity and did not increase immuno-activity, but inhibited proliferation of SW480 through apoptosis via a caspase dependent pathway.