• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

현대사회는 인간, 사물, 네트워크가 관계를 형성하는 디지털기술의 발전으로 정보화, 지능화되고 있다. 이와 같은 시대적 변화에 따라 식물 재배 시 온도, 습도, 일광량, 수분공급 등 식물관리를 용이하게 할 수 있는 정원 관련 시스템이 등장하기 시작하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 스마트가든의 개념 및 인식경향에 대하여 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 선행연구와 텍스트마이닝을 활용하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트가든의 특성은 기술의 발전 및 사람들의 라이프스타일의 변화로 실내·외 공간에서 IoT기술과 정원이 융합한 새로운 정원형태 혹은 여가의 유형 중 하나이다. 기술의 발전과 환경의 중요성이 높아지면서 인간과 자연이 융합되는 생활공간의 요구로 스마트가든이 현실화되고 보편화되고 있다. 스마트가든의 등장으로 정원 관련 산업의 변화, 사람들의 라이프스타일 변화 등 정원의 활성화에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 현재 스마트가든과 관련된 연구 및 이용자의 경험에서 공통적으로 스마트가든의 기술적인 측면에 관심이 가장 높다. 사람들은 스마트가든이 일상생활 속에서 안전하고 쾌적하며 편리한 생활을 할 수 있는 기능 및 기술적인 측면을 중요시하며, 개인의 취향 및 디지털 기기의 이용능력에 따라 주체적인 이용이 나타나고 있다. 셋째, 스마트가든의 이용행태를 살펴보면 주로 가정 및 실내공간에서 이용하고 있으며, 먹을 수 있는 식물을 재배하고 있는 추세이다. 환경의 중요성이 높아지고 기후변화, 식량위기 등에 대한 우려로 먹거리와 관련된 식물 재배를 선호하고 있지만, 화훼류 등을 키울 수 있는 다양한 기술 및 매뉴얼로 이용자의 욕구를 만족시켜주어 정원기능의 확대에 이바지할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 스마트가든의 형태를 새롭고 세련된 형태라고 느끼고 있어 스마트가든의 디자인이 이용자의 가치를 만족시키는 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 현재 스마트가든은 기술적인 차원에서 발전하고 있다. 그러나 스마트가든의 주요 구성 요인은 인간과 자연 그리고 기술일 것이다. 단순하게 화분과 스마트기기를 연결하여 식물을 편하게 기르는데 집중하는 것이 아니라, 스마트시티, 스마트홈 등 다양한 도시서비스와 연계성을 강화하고, 스마트가든이 과학기술에 의해서만 자연이 재현되는 것이 아니라, 조경가와 상호작용하여 정원의 기능 및 이용자의 니즈를 포함한 디자인이어야 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 실내뿐만이 아니라, 도시공원 및 공공시설에서 시민에게 제공하여 연령 및 디지털 기기·정보의 격차로 인하여 '스마트'한 서비스를 향유하지 못하는 계층을 대상으로 하여 세대 간 커뮤니케이션, 정원의 기능을 공유할 수 있는 새로운 조경공간으로 잠재성을 갖고 있다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Because the demand or sensitivity of users of space has an important influence on the direction of design concerning indoor greening, this study examined the customers' preferences and trends for use in this field. By analyzing the results, types of space for indoor greening that can be utilized as indoor greening design such as vegetation selection, space positioning, design types, etc. were derived. The research and analysis was set for living space, business space, commercial space and public space. For each space, there were vegetations in over 50% of the space, and in all the spaces, the majority of people were of the positive opinion. As the desired space for the introduction of indoor greening, high levels of preference were seen in the following areas: 'veranda' and 'living room' for the residential space; 'main work space' and 'resting space' for the office space; and 'rest area,' 'entrance area' and 'lobby area' for the public space and commercial space. The preference of each of the spaces displayed slightly different trends in accordance with the characteristics of space and users. If indoor greening space were to be designed for these spaces according to the types, which are derived from the preference levels examined in this study, it is deemed that the satisfaction levels of users of the spaces could be increased.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of recovery from psychological stress when watching plants indoors. As an instrument of measurement of psychological stress, Galvanic Skin Resistance(GSR) has been used because it has been convenient to read a psychological sign without a medical sense and an instrument. In order to make the conditions of stress and recovery, video programs have been made, and especially, the video program of recovery has consisted of three types-- types 1 of watching plants in a botanical garden, type 2 of watching very bush street, and type 3 of closing eyes naturally. The two groups of normal and the mentally handicapped persons have been participated in this experiment to compare the effect of recovery. As the result of this test, the rate of stress relief has been maximumly effected by watching the video program of plants. Between the two groups the recovery of stress has had better effects on the mentally handicapped than the normal one. And also it shows that the circumstances of emotional refinement is led by having plants in indoor. The result of this test has been turned out to be highly useful. It is desirable that a indoor worker, staying for a long time, contact with plants visually to keep healthy mental conditions. This study suggests that the surrounding conditions or the settings of circumstances play an important role for the emotional refinement of the groups of mentally han야capped persons as well as the normal person.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

This study aims to identify differences and lessons in eco-school planning techniques and sustainable design methods by analyzing comparatively green building certification system and the cases of sustainable schools in US, Korea and Japan. As a result of the comparative analysis, green building certification system for school facilities, both domestic and international, is categorized into external environment, energy, materials and resources, and indoor environment. From the case study, it is common that roof garden and biotopes are installed for external environment, while energy saving, passive energy utilization methods for natural lighting and ventilation such as arrangement planning, courtyard, top-light, shading devices, solar panel and insulation by roof garden are most frequently used. Also, storm water uses, water saving equipment and sustainable materials are often introduced for resource savings. Concerns for indoor environment is frequently addressed by introducing natural light and ventilation in the buildings, which makes ultimately a comfortable space.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.126-136
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• 2017

정원 수요자들은 정원을 감상하는 것뿐만 아니라, 직접 조성하고 정원 디자이너로써의 역할을 하고자 하는 욕구를 가지고 있으나, 정원의 주된 소재인 식물에 대한 식재나 관리에 대한 전문지식 부족으로 정원활동에 있어 큰 어려움을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 정원수요자의 정원활동을 장려하기 위해서는 그들이 정원을 쉽게 경험하고 조성할 수 있도록 정원 수요자들의 선호도를 파악하고 선호도가 높은 조성 장소별 정원조성 요령 및 선호 식물에 대한 정보제공이 필요하다. 본 연구는 정원 수요자들의 정원을 조성하는 목적에 따른 조성 장소와 식물특성에 대한 선호도를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 정원 수요자로 예상되는 2017년 대한민국 조경 정원박람회 방문객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사분석 결과, 정원을 조성하는 목적에 따라 정원 수요자는 감상목적형, 다기능형, 참여목적형의 세 개의 군집으로 구분되었다. 감상목적형은 정원 조성 장소로 베란다 및 테라스와 개인주택 앞마당을 선호하며, 다른 유형과 비교하여 실외장소보다는 실내장소를 선호하고 있었다. 식물소재 선정에 있어서는 실내 환경에서도 관리가 용이하고, 화색과 잎색을 통하여 자연의 색을 감상할 수 있는 소재를 선호하였다. 다기능형은 정원 조성 장소로 개인주택 앞마당을 선호하며, 다른 유형과 비교해서는 '공동주택 유휴지'와 '도심 내 커뮤니티 정원'에서 높은 선호도를 나타내고 있는 것으로 보아, 정원활동에 대한 이해도가 높은 군집으로 분석되었다. 식물소재 선정에 있어서는 작물과 열매 수확이 가능한 유실수나 텃밭작물과 같이 생산성을 가진 소재를 선호하였다. 참여목적형의 경우, 정원 조성 장소로 베란다 및 테라스와 개인주택 앞마당을 선호하였다. 수종에 있어서는 관리가 용이한 식물을 선호하였다. 본 연구는 정원 수요자의 조성 목적별로 조성 장소와 식물 특성에 대한 선호도를 도출하고, 정원 수요자 유형별 정원 조성 장소 및 식물 특성 선정을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the residents' preference to community facilities in national rental apartment complexes. Twelve housing complexes were sampled and researched with questionnaire and field-surrey methods. The data from the questionnaire survey were processed with SPSS 14 and analyzed by regional group, size of complex, and arrangement plan of facilities. The complexes are located in two legions, Seoul and Gyounggi province. They were also sorted into three groups by size: less than 500 households, 500 to 1,000, and more than 1,000. Lastly, the complexes were categorized into three types: those where facilities are concentrated in or around a single building, dispersed into several places, and located in residential buildings. The results are as follows: Majority of the community facilities are established outdoor and, therefore, the indoor facilities are relatively more insufficient. Especially, there is a shortage of indoor gymnasium while the demand is increasing. It is partly because there is no regulatory guideline on indoor gym requirements in housing complexes. The resident satisfaction measurement shows significant comparison according to region and complex size. The level of satisfaction with garden/kitchen-garden, pond/fountain/streamlet is higher at the complexes in Gyunggi. The residents of larger complexes give positive feedback about spells facilities while those of smaller complexes are more satisfied with education-related facilities such as library and study. The measurement of resident needs shows significant comparison according to complex size and facility arrangement plan. The residents of smaller complexes are more in need of community facilities. In both regulatory standards and actual condition, community facilities are more insufficient at small complexes with less than 500 households.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2005

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of one-room type multi-family housings around the university campus. The purpose of the study is to investigate the present condition of Indoor noise level using · residents' responses and field measurements. The respondents are 104 residents living in one-room type multi-family housings. The field measurements on equivalent noise level of indoor and outdoor were carried out in 6 subject house units during the $26th\~28th$ of November 2002. The results are as follows. 1) The residents show relatively non-positive responses at evening and night on the present condition of indoor noise. 2) They answer 'living equipment foise' and 'water hammer' as major types of indoor noise of house unit. 3) Outdoor noise levels, basic factor of noise environment in 6 subject buildings were distributed $52.8\~65.3dB(A)Leq_{5min}$ and were inappropriate to the standard for environmental noise, $55 dB(A)Leq_{5min}$. 4) Indoor noise levels of subject house units were measured as $27.5\~63.5dB(A)Leq_{5min}$, the average of each house unit except one house unit was higher than the level feeling as noise, 40dB(A). 5) It was found that the differences of indoor noise levels between subject house units were caused by 'residents' living noise', 'living equipment noise', 'water hammer', and 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors'. 6) Therefore, it is required to plan for improving the quality of noise environment in one-room type multi-family housing around the campus. For example, soundproof construction (including double window with pair glass and balcony), outdoor garden with trees and water for increasing natural sound, interior materials with sound absorbing power to absorb living noise, soundproof pipe or double surface pipe for decreasing 'water hammer', and noiseproof floors, etc. are required.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2023

Background: Adolescents are relatively more sensitive than adults to exposure to indoor pollutants. The indoor air quality in classrooms where students spend time together must therefore be managed at a safe level because it can affect the health of students. Objectives: In this study, three types of green-wall models were applied to classrooms where students spend a long time in a limited space, and the resulting effects on reducing PM were evaluated. Methods: In the middle school classrooms which were selected as the experimental subjects, IoT-based indoor air quality monitoring equipment was installed for real-time monitoring. Three types of plant models (passive, active, and active+light) were installed in each classroom to evaluate the effects on improving indoor air quality. Results: The concentration of PM in the classroom is influenced by outdoor air quality, but repeated increases and decreases in concentration were observed due to the influence of students' activities. There was a PM reduction effect by applying the green-wall model. There was a difference in PM reduction efficiency depending on the type of green-wall model, and the reduction efficiency of the active model was higher than the passive model. Conclusions: The active green-wall model can be used as an efficient method of improving indoor air quality. Additionally, more research is needed to increase the efficiency of improving indoor air quality by setting conditions that can stimulate the growth of each type of plant.

• 교육시설
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

This study investigates the physical characteristics of indoor rest zones using the Space Syntax Method. A conceptual framework is based on analysis of design works presented in competitions(544 rest zones of 24 buildings on 7 campuses). The analysis on the unit type of rest zones showed that they were mostly available as open type, followed by semi-open type and outdoor rest places. On the other hand, by classifying the shape of whole building into traffic lines and nodal points, it was found that the buildings with 3 or more traffic lines have lower availability than others, because the buildings required more nodal points along a little higher complexity and zoning formed at increased nodal points between building masses. The analysis on the location of rest zones on traffic lines showed that hall type was most excellent in the level of availability. Finally, the analysis on the floor height showed that hall-like open rest places and outdoor places like rooftop garden functioned as a factor to enhance the integration of different spaces. In conclusion, this research will help the follow-up studies make spatial creation planning that may enhance the spatial efficiency and availability of Indoor rest zones on the campus.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2020

In the modern era, the elementary schools in the Republic of Korea are advanced with the competitive world. Thus advancement in technology, and other factors in the elementary schools are releases some kind of particulate matter (PM), which causes deleterious effects on school students health, academic program, growth and development. The school students are susceptible to PM particularly, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. Based on this hazardous effect of PM on school students we conducted the research on the elementary schools class rooms by introducing vertical gardening system to get the schools "ever green". The main aim of this study is to investigate the environmental factors in the educational effect program in the class rooms and indoor air quality changes. For the educational effect, the 4th operation program was applied to 2 schools for 2 hours once a month from September to December 2019. Each school conducted a survey on satisfaction, plant friendliness, and environmental sensibilities, targeting classes that participated in the green school program and those who did not. The environmental effects were monitored by installing indoor air quality facility in the program participating classes and the non-participating classes. From November 2019 to December 2019, three factors were measured: PM10, PM2.5, and humidity. The results were analyzed by T-test using the SPSS 24.0 software program. As a result of the analysis, student's overall satisfaction with the program and their intention to re-engage were high in terms of educational effect. It was also found to be effective in emotional, educational, social, and physical aspects. In particular, it was found that there was a statistically significant effect on improving plant friendliness in terms of plant friendliness and environmental sensitivity. In terms of environmental effects, it was found that there was a significant difference between the program-applied and non-programmed classes in PM10, PM2.5, and humidity. Through this study, it was confirmed that the plant education program using vertical gardens is effective in both the educational effect and the improvement of indoor air quality in the classroom. In conclusion, vertical gardening system in the elementary schools should implement for the beneficial of young generation development and back bone to the nation.