• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.329-337
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• 2017

A major concern regarding most auto-repair shops in residential areas is the emission of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the local atmosphere, especially during painting operations. VOCs contribute to poor local air quality and are responsible for the perceived odor and discomfort experienced by local residents. Sixteen major VOCs (6 aromatic hydrocarbons and 10 aliphatic carbonyl compounds) were selected as potential target compounds. The site was an auto-repair shop located in a central region of Seoul, South Korea, where the air quality of the site has been a subject of residents' complaints. The sampling points were as follows: 1) in the painting booth with new (NB) or old (OB) removal system, (2) in the exhaust duct after new (ND) or old (OD) odor removal filter, and (3) 2 m below the discharge vent (4 m above the ground) (outdoor air, OA). Each sample was coded: (1) before painting (BP), (2) during painting (DP), and (3) after painting (AP). The toluene level in the duct with the new removal filter during painting (ND-DP) was 1.5 ppm (v/v), while it was 3.8 ppm (v/v) in the right duct with an old removal filter during painting (OD-DP). Accordingly, the effect of filter replacement was reflected by differences in VOC levels. Therefore, accurate monitoring of odorous VOCs is an important step to reduce odor nuisance from local sources.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

The design of the healing space provides people with tranquility and relaxation. It restores the tired body and provides the resilience of life. We have established the importance and value of healing through the meaning of healing and foreign cases. that humans come from nature and return to nature I think it is extremely inevitable, and while living, They set their goal and finish it gradually. Then they reach the goal. You can enjoy the effect of healing by creating an atmosphere of nature that comes from nature and living in it. The use of wood inside the building is the most comfortable healing condition, and as you can see from the case of Japan, The building of Sunny Hills made of wood outside reminds me of a magpies house. Indoor desk or book case made of wood make, warmer at mosphere, and the effect of healing becomes even greater if you take the plants. In the ceiling, if you paint pictures of clouds, trees, sun, etc., and apply blue or pink color that makes you relax, then the effect of healing is doubled. Through this study, I could forming living space being in touch with nature and using natural materials which is basic of healing an bring the effect of healing.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 2007

Current environmental education at elementary school is demanded to be changed into 'Sustainable Development', Therefore, we should find a new program to reflect appropriateness and diversity of environmental education at elementary school for 'Sustainable Development'. The result of analysing textbooks and the realities in environmental education at elementary school is as follows, First, when we analysed the contents of the textbook in environmental education, the reflecting rate was high in 'natural environment' and 'sound consumption', compared with in 'artificial environment', 'resource and energy' and 'health and environment'. Second, we realized the necessity for 'environmental education' complementary to 'Sustainable Development'. That is because the analysis showed the lack for the activity for approaching and solving environmental problems with 'artificial environment', 'resource and energy' and 'health and environment'. Third, the analysis also showed the deficiency in the reflection of 'environmental education' contents for maintaining healthful environment through improving the quality of life. Current textbook didn't deal with very important elements of 'environmental education' - the Quality of indoor atmosphere, harmful matter, safe things to eat, noise, stench, etc. For those reasons, it is necessary to reconstruct the realm and the contents of 'environmental education' for 'Sustainable Development' appropriate to elementary school. We require a new curriculum and textbook to cover diverse' environmental education' as well.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

The topic of this paper is the advanced absolute altitude determination for 3-D positioning using barometric altimeter and the reference station. Barometric altimeter does not provide absolute altitude because atmosphere pressure always varies over the time and geographical location. Also, since Global Navigation Satellites system such as GPS, GLONASS has geometric error, the altitude information is not available. It is the reason why we suggested the new method to improve the altitude accuracy. This paper shows 3-D positioning algorithm using absolute altitude determination method and evaluates the algorithm by real field tests. We used an accurate altitude from RTK system in Seoul as a reference data and acquired the differential value of pressure data between a reference station and a mobile station equipped in low cost barometric altimeter. In addition, the performance and advantage of the proposed method was evaluated by 3-D experiment analysis of PNS and CNS. We expect that the proposed method can expand 2-D positioning system 3-D position determination system simply and this 3-D position determination technique can be very useful for the workers in the field of fire-fighting and construction.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.135-158
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• 2012

Since the 1990s, discussions regarding green libraries started in the U.S.A, in the name of 'library and the environment', 'Green librarians', 'constructing of environmental sources', 'noise and library', 'building libraries as an environmental alternative' and etc. Currently, green libraries certified by an evaluation system are more than 50. This study proposes a direction to build a green library. The study analyzes national and international green libraries certified by the evaluation system. The cases are analyzed based on the six evaluation factors in the LEED certification system; Sustainable Site, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Material and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation and Design Process. Since the evaluation system focuses mainly on the architectural aspects, there was a need of expanding the concept of eco-friendly in this research. The newly expanded eco-friendly concept includes services, content, and supplies of libraries.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

As of 2018, total yield of lettuce and strawberry amounted to 93,543 tons (representing 1.0 percent) and 183,639 tons (2.0 percent), respectively, among total yields worth 9,185,889 tons in South Korea. Lettuce is affected by a combination of numerous elements such as varieties, cultivation methods and pests during each growth phase (Lee et al., 1999). It is mainly cultivated in spring and fall. Especially due to respiration rate after harvest leading to reduced quality and poor storage, maintaining annual supply is unavailable (Jang et al., 2018). With the distribution of new varieties, forcing culture and indoor insulated facilities for plant cultivation during winter, strawberries are produced every year except for late summer and early fall. Due to active respiration, transpiration, soft flesh and high water content, the fruit is vulnerable to go bad and got rotten compared to other fruits. Furthermore, it is difficult to maintain freshness due to the possibility of softening, discoloration and fungi (Lee et al., 2012). In this regard, developing improved storage and package techniques is needed to ensure maintaining quality and safety even just two to three days after harvest. In order to ensure improved quality and safety of strawberries and lettuce after harvest, the present study applied a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology (Mostofi et. al., 2008). Going forward, it compared the quality and safety of the two products while being stored in a way that put them in an MAP-applied container and a plastic container at room temperature and 4 degree Celsius.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.437-443
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• 2013

Recently, sustainable building design, a growing field within architectural design, has been emerged in the construction industry as the practice of designing, constructing, and operating facilities in such a manner that their environmental impact, which has become a great concern of construction professionals, can be minimized. A number of different green rating systems have been developed to help assess that a building project is designed and built using strategies intended to minimize or eliminate its impact on the environment. In the United States, the widely accepted national standards for sustainable building design are known as the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System. The assessment of sustainability using the LEED green rating system is a challenging and time-consuming work due to its complicated process. In effect, the LEED green rating system awards points for satisfying specified green building criteria into five major categories: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality; and sustainability of a project is rated by accumulating scores (100 points maximum) from these five major categories. The sustainability rating process could be accelerated and facilitated by using computer technology such as BIM (Building Information Modeling), an innovative new approach to building design, engineering, and construction management that has been widely used in the construction industry. BIM is defined as a model-based technology linked with a database of project information, which can be accessed, manipulated, and retrieved for construction estimating, scheduling, project management, as well as sustainability rating. This paper will present a framework representing the building knowledge contained in the LEED green building criteria. The proposed building knowledge framework will be implemented into a BIM platform (e.g. Autodesk Revit Architecture) in which sustainability rating of a building design can be automatically performed. The development of the automated sustainability rating system and the results of its implementation will be discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.408-417
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• 2013

Objectives: Phthalates are used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. As phthalate plasticizers are not chemically bound to the PVC, they can leach, migrate or evaporate into indoor air and atmosphere, foodstuffs, other materials, etc. Therefore, humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure over their entire lifetime, including during intrauterine development. In particular, university students have a great number of opportunities to contact products including phthalates during campus life (food packaging, body care products, cosmetic, lotions, aftershave, perfume etc.). The purpose of this study was to examine levels of phthalate exposure as undergraduate students begin to use pharmaceuticals and personal care products including phthalates. Methods: Phthalate metabolites, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-2- ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), {(mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP}, and mono-(2-ethlyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP} were examined. 80 urine samples collected from university students were analyzed using LC/MS/MS(API 4000, Applied Bioscience) with on-line enrichment and columnswitching techniques. This study was carried out at Y university located in Gyonggi Province from 2008 to 2011. Results: The detection limit of phthalate metabolites were 0.03 ng/mL for MEP, 0.11 ng/mL for MnBP, 0.08 ng/mL for MiBP, 0.93 ng/mL for MEHP, 0.19 ng/mL for MEOHP and 0.16ng/mL for MEHHP. MnBP showed the highest urinary levels (median: 31.6 ug/L, 24.8 ug/g creatinine (cr)). Concentrations were also high for MEHHP (median: 24.1 ug/L, 19.0 ug/g cr), followed by MEOHP (median: 22.8 ug/L, 17.9 ug/g cr). In individual cases, the maximum level reached up to 348 ug/L, and 291 ug/g cr, respectively. The urinary and creatinine adjusted levels of MEP were lower than those for DBP and DEHP metabolites, but were higher in 95th percentiles. As a result, the mean daily DEP intake value was 2.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, 3.5 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day for DEHP and 4.9 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day for DBP. Conclusion: These students' phthalate exposure levels were below the international safe level set by the EU, but higher than the 2012 KFDA survey of the age group from 3 to 18.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.353-360
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• 2015

Boiling is an efficient removal method to reduce radon in groundwater when ventilating indoor air. 13 groundwater samples with various radon concentrations were used to evaluate the reduction rate of radon with heating temperature and time. The groundwater samples were obtained by Bladder pump and on-situ measurements such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and hydrogen concentration (pH) and so on were carried out by a flow cell system isolated from the ambient atmosphere environment. All samples for measuring radon in groundwater were analyzed by liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The experiment result showed that increasing groundwater temperature enhanced radon removal rate but the initial radon concentration with high level lowered the removal rate. This means that radon reduction in groundwater by heating needs more heating energy and longer heating time with radon concentrations. Radon removal rate in groundwater, therefore, mainly depends on the initial radon concentration, heating temperature, and heating time.