• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out understand the resident's subjective responses to physical indoor environment. The questionnaire survey was carried out to measure form Jan. 8th to Feb. 2th in 1996, the typical external climate of winter in Korea. The subjects were four hundred and eleven housewives, living in apartments of RC structure I Ilsan apartment complex. As the result, residents usual ventilate once or twice a day by opening outward windows for about ten minutes. Unpleasant smell producted by cooking and wet garbage made most of them negatively respond to kitchen's air quality. regression analysis of relativeness between sense of air freshness smell, dust and comfort revealed that sense of comfort was the most highly related with the extent of bad smell. Housing factors such as size of apartments and ventilating, smoking and gas usage had significant effects on indoor air quality and the subjective responses in winter. Therefore it is especially important to consider air pollution problem from the beginning stage when planning small apartments. It is required that the government of environment has to emphasize the importance of ventilation to residents, and makes an effort to establish the design criteria on indoor air quality in house.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.184-191
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• 2014

Air quality in a subway tunnel has been crucial in most of the subway environments where IAQ could be affected by many factors such as the number of passengers, the amount and types of ventilation, train operation factors and other facilities. A modeling approach has been introduced to manage the general IAQ in a subway station. Field surveys and $CO_2$ measurements were initially conducted to analyze and understand the relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality while considering internal pollution sources, such as passengers and subway trains, etc. The measurement data were then employed for the model development with other statistical information. For the model development, the algorithm of simple continuity was set up and applied to model the subway IAQ concerned, while considering the major air transport through staircases and tunnels. Monitored $CO_2$ concentration on the concourse and platform were correlated with modeling results where the correlation values for the concourse and platform were $R^2=0.96$ and $R^2=0.75$, respectively. It implies that the box modeling approach introduced in this study would be beneficial to predict and control the indoor air quality in subway environments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

Many Japanese today are suffering from health disorders related to their living environment, such as allergies and hypersensitivity to chemical substances. The Sick House/Building Syndrome has been a serious problem since 1996, due to low level exposure to hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in airtight houses. This paper aims to show current status of the syndrome in Japan and practical researches to promote prevention of, and improvement to indoor air pollution due to chemicals.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.346-354
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• 2018

In this study, the condition of the hazardous materials in the bus was monitored according to the ventilation mode of the air conditioning system during bus service. The bus was surveyed using the indoor air quality measurement method of public transportation vehicles within one year of delivery. We evaluate the $CO_2$ and $PM_{10}$, which are the controlled parameters in buses by the Ministry of Environment, and VOCs and HCHO, the non-controlled parameters. The $PM_{10}$ concentration increased due to outdoor air intake; however the $CO_2$ concentration was found to decrease. In addition, the concentration of VOCs and HCHO was found to decrease due to the forced ventilation system and the outdoor air intake. These results show that the concentration of the other materials except $PM_{10}$ can be changed due to the outside air concentration and forced ventilation system. Therefore, through indoor air quality characteristics of the bus according to air condition system are intended to be used as the basis of an operation manual.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.226-227
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• 2018

Recently, as the interest of the government and the public on energy saving has increased, the airtightness of buildings has been improved to improve the insulation performance of buildings. However, indoor air pollution due to increase of pollution source in indoor space and lack of ventilation is increasing and interest in indoor air quality is increasing. In 2003, the Ministry of Environment enacted and promulgated the Act on Indoor Air Quality Control in Multi-use Facilities. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive inert gas with colorless, tasteless and odorless nature. The concentration is high in a room where radon can not escape. Although lononggas is naturally occurring, it is not interested in living environment, but it is easily inhaled through human body through respiration and causes lung cancer in long-term exposure. Therefore, this study intends to carry out an experiment for the reduction of radon gas, which is the first carcinogen in indoor air pollution sources.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 2012

Our study researched on unification of KS I ISO standard harmonized with ISO and Official Test Method enacted by Korean Ministry of Environment-drinking water and indoor air quality. We reviewed KS methods related to drinking water and indoor air quality for about 23,000 KS methods. KS methods related environmental field are classified as KS I, total 635 methods and 583 KS I methods were harmonized with ISO. For Environmental Standard methods for drinking water, 100 methods were reviewed according to 232 KS methods related to ISO/ TC 147 "Water Quality". Environmental Standard methods for indoor air quality were reviewed according to 95 KS standard methods related to ISO/TC 146 "Air Quality". By reviews and comparison tests for unifiable ES for drinking water and indoor air quality with KS methods harmonized with ISO, it was evaluated that for 100 ES methods for drinking water, 23 ES methods were unification complete, 29 ES methods were unification possible, 12 ES methods were unification impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 36 ES methods and for 17 ES methods for indoor air quality,1 ES methods were unification complete, 3 ES methods were unification possible, 3 ES methods were impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 10 ES methods.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2018

Schools are one of the critical social infrastructures in a society, the first place for social activity and the most important indoor environment for children besides the home. Poor IAQ in classrooms can increase the chance of long-term and short-term health problems for students and staffs; affects productivity of teachers; and degrade the student learning environment and comfort levels. The primary objective of this paper is to review and summarize available scientific evidence on indoor air quality of schools and related health effects in children. It was found that the indoor air pollutant levels in school buildings varied over a wide range in different parts of the world depending on site characteristics, climatic conditions, outdoor pollution levels, occupant activities, ventilation type and building practices. Among the indoor air pollutants, particulate matter concentrations were found to be very high in many schools. Outdoor pollutant sources also play a major role in affecting the IAQ of the school building. Hence, scientific knowledge on sources of indoor pollutants, quantification of emissions, temporal and spatial dispersion of pollutants, toxicological properties, chemical and morphological characteristics of the pollutants and associated health risk among children in the school buildings are essential to evaluate the adequacy and cost effectiveness of control strategies for mitigating the IAQ issues.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

Purpose: With the increasing of public-use facilities, there has been a growing concern over Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) of public-use facilities. Because the facilities are easy to be exposed to indoor air pollutants, they needs to be periodically managed the IAQ. Methods: In this study, indoor air pollutant concentrations of 24 vulnerable facilities were measured and compared. The measurements were conducted for pollutants which are defined in 'IAQ Control In Public-Use Facilities, etc. Act'. We took two measurements, the first was carried out in summer and the second was proceeded in winter. We analyzed the values according to the type of facilities and pollutants. Results: There was a difference in pollutant concentrations by the season and in occurrence characteristics by the measurement spot. Therefore, we need to manage pollutant concentrations by characteristics of occurrence. Implications: Based on the comparative analysis of pollutant concentrations, we suggested cause and improvement strategies for IAQ management of Vulnerable facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2015

This study evaluated indoor environmental characteristics in an office room equipped both with ventilation window system and central cooling system. Fresh air is supplied only by the central cooling system whereas indoor air is discharged outside through both ceiling diffuser and a ventilation window system. Numerical study is conducted by changing the volumetric flow rates of exhaust ports of each system. For estimating the performance of this coupled system, $CO_2$ concentration and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) were calculated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The more the ceiling diffuser exhausts indoor air, the more the $CO_2$ concentration decreases. However, when the ventilation window system exhausts more indoor air, thermal comfort level gets improved in the office room with cooling system. Therefore, when the ventilation window system is operated, the coupled operation with central cooling system should be considered for enhancing indoor air quality and thermal comfort, together.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.61-61
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• 1995

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.