• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1993

Assessment of root weight grade system for the numeral definition in Korea ginseng was tried by investigation of 13 boxes of the 15-root-grade of 4-year-old white ginseng as a model. In this case satisfaction to theoretical value was 58% in root weight and 50% in root number. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high (35%) for individual root weight in package. The CV of tap root weight 1 among package is low (7.1%) even though there was no significant correlation between tap root weight : and lateral root weight among roots. The mean percentage of tap root to root weight in each package ranged 61 to 74% with CV range of 16.5 to 33.2%. The CV was not much different between 1st and 2nd lateral root weight and the means was above 60%. Strict practice of numeral definition of root weight grade system will be prerequisite for chemical standardization of Korea ginseng.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Weight gain is defined as the increase in body weight, increasing the prevalence of obesity, and results in metabolic diseases. Weight gain was reportedly caused by the interaction between the obesogenic environmental factors and individual metabolic factors. Sociodemographic and environmental factors (demographic factors, lifestyle/behavioral factors, food/nutritional factors, socioeconomic factors), drug-related secondary causes (some of the corticosteroids, antihyperglycemics, antihypertensives, antidepressants, etc.), and metabolic factors (aging and hormonal changes, menopause and decreased sex hormones, decreased adipocyte degradation, decreased fibroblast growth factor 21, central sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, decreased sympathetic-adrenomedullary system activity) are significant factors related to weight gain. It is crucial to prevent weight gain and maintain an ideal weight, but studies on the risk factors of weight gain are insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluated the factors associated with weight gain to find strategies for preventing unnecessary weight gain.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the individual nutrition education for type 2 diabetes who participate the diabetes buffet. The subjects were 66 patients and divided into education (n=34) and control groups (n=32). The mean age of education and control groups were 59.8 and 56.6 years old, respectively. There were no differences in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. Initial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), post prandial plasma glucose (PP2), total plasma cholesterol, and blood pressure were not different between two groups. But fasting blood sugar (FBS) was higher in education group than in control group. On completion of the study, the education group showed significant decreases in body weight, BMI, FBS and PP2, however, the control group showed no changes in body weight, BMI and PP2, and showed a significant increase in FBS. Initial calorie and protein intakes of the education group did not meet the prescribed amount, however, mineral and vitamin intakes were higher than estimated average requirement (EAR). By the end of study, calorie and protein intakes were significantly increased to meet the prescription. In order to evaluate the effect of diet education, awareness of calorie requirement was used as an index of understanding diet prescription. The degree of awareness of calorie requirement was dependent on age: younger patients showed higher awareness than older subjects. The subject who showed better understanding of diet prescription showed lower levels of HbA1c, FBS, and PP2 at the end of the experiment period. The results of this study clearly show that individual diabetes diet education is effective to make the patient understand their diet prescription, and is effective to control body weight and blood sugar level. Awareness of calorie requirement could be used as an index of understanding of prescribed diet. Since age is an important variable to determine the awareness of calorie requirement, different strategies of nutrition education should be developed for different age groups, especially patients over 70 years old.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.595-597
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• 1995

The mean birth weight and weaning weight estimated from 777 kids from 30 bucks of Teddy goats were $1.67{\pm}0.31$ and $8.50{\pm}2.18kg$, respectively. The estimates of heritability of birth weight and weaning weight by half sib correlation method were $0.048{\pm}0.022$ and $0.101{\pm}0.012kg$, respectively. The high heritability estimates of birth weight indicates that selection on the basis of individual's own record will be effective. The low estimates of heritability of weaning weight indicates more emphasis should be given to improve environmental conditions for better achievement.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the basis for the difference in sperm production of broiler breeders. Nine sexually mature Hubbard broiler breeder males, 35 weeks of age, were trained for two weeks for semen collection on alternate days by abdominal massage technique. Following the training, the breeder males were collected daily for five successive days. The males were then classified as low or high sperm producers. The mean body weights of individual males were also recorded on the basis of body weight at the start and end of the experiment. Immediately after last collection the males were slaughtered and testes biometry was determined. Daily sperm output of individual males varied from $0.21{\times}10^9\;to\;2.64{\times}10^9$ sperm. The daily sperm production of low sperm producer males was lower ($0.47{\pm}0.13\;vs.\;2.06{\pm}0.20{\times}10^9$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Testes weight of low sperm producer males was lower ($6.32{\pm}1.6\;vs.\;20.33{\pm}4.76\;gm$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Moreover the testis weight of high sperm producer males was 3.22 times higher than low sperm producer males. The average body weight of high sperm producer males was higher ($4,389{\pm}116.3\;vs.\;3,960{\pm}131.77\;gm$; P>0.05) than low sperm producer males. The correlation coefficients indicate significantly positive correlation of body weight (P<0.05) and testes weight (P<0.01) on semen volume, sperm concentration and daily sperm production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.161-164
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• 1999

Dairy performances of Pabna cows and its crossbreds with Sahiwal (SL) and Friesian (F) in the Baghabarighat dairying area of Bangladesh were evaluated. Four SL and three F sires were used for the crossbreeding. The exotic sire effect of individuals on their daughters were also evaluated in this study. It showed that the genetic group had a significant (p<0.05) effect on birth weight, age at first heat, calving interval, lactation length and lactation yield. The lowest birth weight (17.9 kg), longest age at first heat (39.2 m) and calving interval (16.3 m) shortest lactation length (199 d) and lowest lactation yield (728 L) were found in Pabna cows. The highest birth weight (22.5 kg). shortest age at first heat (25.5 m) and calving interval (13.7 m), longest lactation length (253 d) and highest lactation yield (1936 L) were found in the F crossbreds. Within the same breed, the effect of individual sire was significant (p<0.05) on age at first heat, lactation length and lactation yield. Individual sire effects of SL bulls differed significantly (p<0.05) but F sires had a non-significant (p>0.05) effect on calving interval in their progeny. The fat % and SNF % in milk and number of services required for conception did not differ (p>0.05) among inter-and intra- breed sire groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.927-932
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• 2005

A total of 130 Chinese Meishan piglets were scored for their genotypes at five gene loci and five microsatellite loci. The average gene heterozygosity was 0.3338 and the average microsatellite heterozygosity was 0.2954, and the heterozygosity of the overall ten loci was 0.3146. The data of birth weight (BW) and body weight on day 35 (W35) were collected, average daily gain (ADG) for each individual was computed as the slope from the regression of weight on age. There was no significant correlation between individual heterozygosity and birth weight (p>0.05). Significant regressions were observed between ADG and the heterozygosity of loci (p<0.01). Similar results were observed in W35 and loci heterozygosity (p<0.01). Heterozygosity at these ten loci explained 43.62% of the total variation in ADG and 45.48% in W35. Significant correlations existed not only in the function of gene loci but also in neutral microsatellite loci, so it indicated that associative overdominance affected piglet growth significantly.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1442-1453
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• 2010

This study targets adult females and shows the analysis of physical images affecting clothing behavior, satisfaction or dissatisfaction of ready-made clothes, favorite ready-made clothes design, and weight control as well as the result of demographic characteristic influencing clothing behavior. An individual satisfied with their body prefers bright colors and shiny clothes, on the other hand, an individual who is dissatisfied with their body do not like ready-made clothes and favor loose suits. This study shows that individuals not satisfied with their body are afraid of becoming fat and are following a weight control program. The analysis explains that women (who care for their appearance well) pursue aestheticism, superiority, and are more satisfied with ready-made clothes with casual, feminine, and fancy motifs. It also shows that women who have no confidence in their body follow feminine modesty; on the contrary, those who are confident of their body are satisfied with ready-made dresses and prefer a sexy image. As a result, those who do not care about their looks seek feminine modesty, functionality, and easy-management.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2014

To investigate the catching efficiency of a biodegradable round trap for a swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), four types of material (two types of biodegradable net, one type of biodegradable plus polyethylene net and one type of polyethylene net) for traps were used in the field test, and the field tests were carried out 11 times in the Boryeong fishing ground of Korea, 2012~2013. The catching efficiency of four type traps was analyzed by catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of small and large size swimming crab. Statistical Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to verify the significant difference for the efficiency between types of material. The catch in number of swimming crab was 9,015 and formed about 94.3% of total catch. In the results of catching efficiency of traps, there was a little difference in catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of swimming crab in-situ data. But there was no significant difference in catching efficiency between the biodegradable traps and the PE trap (P>0.05), so it's needed to use widely a biodegradable trap for the conservation and sustainable management of swimming crab resources.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of well-being related to lifestyle choices such as food habits, food choices, life pattern, etc. The survey was conducted among college students using a questionnaire and a 5-point Likert score in Seoul City and Kyunggido Province during September 2005. The responses of 968 college students were analyzed by the SPSS program. The results were as follows. Most of the subjects were female(76.2%), and lived with their parents (85.6%). The average score of 'food habits', 'choosing food materials', 'purchasing' and 'life pattern' were $2.71{\pm}1.22,\;2.86{\pm}1.28,\;2.41{\pm}1.21,\;and\;2.97{\pm}1.31$ respectively in males and $3.01{\pm}1.20,\;3.00{\pm}1.32,\;2.55{\pm}1.20,and\;2.68{\pm}1.40$ in females, respectively. In regard to 'food habits', the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), alcohol consumption(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.001), method of weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). In regarding to 'choosing food materials' the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.05), method of weight control(p<0.05), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001) ), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). Out of the factors affecting 'purchasing', the association with BMI was remarkable. Students who were overweight, obese or underweight showed higher average scores than students of normal weight. The primary concerns and trial of well-being of college students were food and exercise. Therefore, the purchase of well-being goods is related to their weight control in college students. In regard to 'life pattern' the scores were significantly affected by exercise(p<0.01), use of computer(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in wellbeing(p<0.001), whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001), and having taken lecture on well-being(p<0.05). Therefore nutrition education is needed for healthy eating habits of college students and it is necessary to develop a series of lectures to teach them about diet and exercise programs.