• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This paper empirically explores the predicting ability of the newly proposed smooth transition (ST) time-varying combining forecast methods. The proposed method allows the "weight" of combining forecasts to change gradually over time through its unique feature of transition variables. Stock market returns from 7 countries were applied to Ad Hoc models, the well-known Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) family models, and the Smooth Transition Exponential Smoothing (STES) models. Of the individual models, GJRGARCH and STES-E&AE emerged as the best models and thereby were chosen for constructing the combined forecast models where a total of nine ST combining methods were developed. The robustness of the ST combining forecasts is also validated by the Diebold-Mariano (DM) test. The post-sample forecasting performance shows that ST combining forecast methods outperformed all the individual models and fixed weight combining models. This study contributes in two ways: 1) the ST combining methods statistically outperformed all the individual forecast methods and the existing traditional combining methods using simple averaging and Bates & Granger method. 2) trading volume as a transition variable in ST methods was superior to other individual models as well as the ST models with single sign or size of past shocks as transition variables.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2010

The present study investigates the difficulty of solving the mathematical problem, namely the DLP (Discrete Logarithm Problem) for ephemeral keys. The DLP is the basis for many public key cryptosystems. The ephemeral keys are used in such systems to ensure security. The DLP defined on a prime field $Z^*_p of random prime is considered in the present study. The most effective method to solve the DLP is the ICM (Index Calculus Method). In the present study, an efficient way of computing the DLP for ephemeral keys by using a new variant of the ICM when the factors of p-1 are known and small is proposed. The ICM has two steps, a pre-computation and an individual logarithm computation. The pre-computation step is to compute the logarithms of a subset of a group and the individual logarithm step is to find the DLP using the precomputed logarithms. Since the ephemeral keys are dynamic and change for every session, once the logarithms of a subset of a group are known, the DLP for the ephemeral key can be obtained using the individual logarithm step. Therefore, an efficient way of solving the individual logarithm step based on the newly proposed precomputation method is presented and the performance is analyzed using a comprehensive set of experiments. The ephemeral keys are also solved by using other methods, which are efficient on random primes, such as the Pohlig-Hellman method, the Van Oorschot method and the traditional individual logarithm step. The results are compared with the newly proposed individual logarithm step of the ICM. Also, the DLP of ephemeral keys used in a popular password key exchange protocol known as Chang and Chang are computed and reported to launch key recovery attack.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.163-199
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• 2007

이 논문은 시장에 두 종류의 투자자가 존재하고 이들의 정보 분석 능력과 정보 획득 시점이 서로 다르다면 시장에서 가격이 어떻게 형성되고 변화하는 가를 연구하려고 한다. 시장에는 대규모 자금을 관리하면서 전문적으로 정보를 분석하고 투자하는 기관투자자와 소규모 자금을 투자하는 개인투자자가 있다. 기관투자자들이 개인투자자에 비하여 정보 분석 능력이 뛰어나고 정보 획득시점도 빠르다고 가정한다. 위 가정으로부터 이 논문은 시장에서 주식 가격이 단기에서는 가격지속현상을 보이고 장기에서는 가격역전현상을 보이는 것을 설명할 수 있다. 단기에서 가격지속 현상이 나타나는 것은 개인투자자에 비하여 정보를 먼저 획득한 기관투자자들이 주식을 거래하여 이미 가격이 변화하였는데 뒤늦게 정보를 획득한 개인투자자들이 계속하여 거래함으로써 가격이 단기적으로 같은 방향으로 움직이게 된다. 장기적인 가격역전 현상은 기업의 가치에 대하여 정확한 정보를 가지고 있지 못한 개인투자자들이 새로운 정보에 대하여 지나치게 민감하게 반응하여 주식가격이 기업의 내재가치 이상으로 변화하게 되고 시간이 지남에 따라 주식 가격이 기업의 내재가치로 회귀하기 때문에 나타난다. 단기적인 가격지속과 장기적인 가격역전 현상이 나타나는 주된 원인이 새로운 정보에 대한 개인투자자의 지연반응과 정보부족에 있기 때문에 이 논문은 개인투자자의 비율은 높은 주식일수록 이러한 현상이 더 크게 나타남을 보였다. 기관투자자들이 주식을 매입하면 다음 시점의 가격은 상승하고 이들이 주식을 매도하면 다음 시점의 가격은 하락한다. 반대로 개인투자자들이 주식을 매입하면 다음 시점의 가격은 하락하고 이들이 주식을 매도하면 다음 시점의 가격은 상승하게 된다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2016

One of the major issues in the material-based or acceptance quality characteristics asphalt pavement Quality Assurance (QA) is that the method does not have rationality to link between the individual materials and the projected performance of the pavement. A new asphalt mix QA method has been recently developed under a national research project using the probabilistic Performance Related Specification (PRS). This advanced PRS QA methodology integrates the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design$^{(R)}$ technology with the simple performance test concept that bridges the material characteristics with the pavement performance. This paper presents a case study of asphalt pavement performance using the developed PRS QA computer program, named Quality Related Specification Software (QRSS), with an actual pavement project, to demonstrate the developed PRS procedure and to assess the robustness of QRSS in terms of the rationality of the distress predictions. The results of this limited case study show that the new PRS QA method reasonably predicts the pavement performance, properly applied the probabilistic methods, and produced rational pay adjustment.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Purpose - The study's aim is to assess performance quality delivered through a performance management system. The case study first measures the effectiveness of the present performance management system of Bhushan Steel Ltd. (BSL), and then secondarily analyzes the employee training impact. Research design, data, and methodology - A case study research approach using a survey was followed. The final sample size was 50, with a simple random sampling technique used. Primary data came from the company itself and the secondary from books, the Internet, journals, etc. Results - BSL employee appraisals are used for many developmental aspects such as competence in the present job, improvements, performance development, and training needs. The results indicate that individual performance can improve if employees perceive the system as more transparent (i.e., not so confidential). Conclusions - Overall, the BSL employees think that the company appraisal system is useful; however, to make it better the company has to improve many aspects including appraisals based on supervisor observations. The company could use a self-appraisal and a 360-appraisal approach to improve such assessments.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.117-117
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• 2000

This paper presents experimental results for peformance management of a Profibus-FMS network. The performance management alms to maintain a uniform level of network performance at all stations under changing network traffic. The performance management algorithm monitors the performance of individual network stations and commands the stations to change their timer values in order to have comparable performance at all stations. In order to determine the amount of timer change, the algorithm employs a set of fuzzy rules. This algorithm has been evaluated on a Profibus network

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-126
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• 2014

Tourism industry increasingly rely on information technology (IT) to improve the task performance. Many studies suggested that the evidence of IT showed not only task performance improvement but also organizational performance. Drawing from the resource-based view, technology and task fitness, and marketing orientation theories, this study proposes that IT use influences directly the task performance and proved the effectiveness of IT in the organizations of tourism industry. Further, the innovativeness, resources, and marketing orientation are identified as main determinants of IT use. The use of IT can serve as a catalyst in improving task performance for organizations in tourism industry. Based on data collected from surveying people who work in the tourism industry, the present study shed light on these issues. The findings provide a new perspective of IT effectiveness in the tourism industry. Then, we discussed the theoretical and practical implications.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(I)
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• pp.131-136
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• 2002

Performance test is carried out in accordance with "performance test standard for Electrical Multiple Unit", noticed by Ministry of Construction ＆ Transportation in 2000. The object of this standard is to ensure that vehicle is tested after completion and before entry into service. Performance test is classified by type test to be carried out for the first car and its components in order to verify their performance and by routine test to be carried out on the whole quantity in order to prove the performance of individual items. Scope of the test is divided by components, completed car, preliminary adjustment test and running test on main line. The paper introduces a testing procedure and an execution method of the performance test.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.51-76
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• 2017

Although much attention has been paid to customer satisfaction (CS) as a leading indicator of firm performance, few studies have investigated the role of CS distribution across individual customers. With 10 years of National Customer Satisfaction Index (NCSI) data in Korea, we examine the relationship between the variance of CS and key corporate performance measures such as revenue, profit, Tobin's q, and stock return. There are three main findings. First, we confirm the findings of previous studies that the average CS for a firm is related to the firm's economic performance. Second, we find a moderating effect of CS variance such that the relationship between the level of CS and firm performance is attenuated by the variance of CS. Finally, the variance of CS is found to directly affect firm performance over and above the CS level effect. More specifically, the variance decreases sales and stock return.