• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1883-1886
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• 2003

Gait is defined as "a manor of walking". It can used as a biometric measure to recognize known persons. Gait is an idiosyncratic feature determined by an individual's weight, stride length, and posture combined with characteristic motion. but its feature extracted from images varies with the viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a gait recognition method using a planer homography, which is robust for viewpoint variation. We represent an individual as key-silhouettes. And we endow key-silhouettes with weight calculated using the characteristic of PCA. Experimental result shows that proposed method is robust for viewpoint variation as images synthesised same viewpoint.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to underline that litter size as a key trait of sows needs new parameters to be evaluated and to target an individual optimum. Large individual variation in litter size affects both production and piglet's survival and health negatively. Therefore, two new traits were suggested and analyzed. Two data sets on 5509 purebred German Landrace sows and 3926 Large White and crossing sows including at least two parental generations and at least five parities were subjected to variance components analysis. Results: The new traits for evaluating litter size were derived from the individual numbers of total born piglets (TBP) per parity: In most cases, sows reach their maximum litter size in their fourth parity. Therefore, data from at least five parities were included. The first observable maximum and minimum of TBP, and the individual variation expressed by the range were targeted. Maximum of TBP being an observable trait in pig breeding and management yielded clearly higher heritability estimates ($h^2{\sim}0.3$) than those estimates predominantly reported so far. Maximum TBP gets closer to the genetic capacity for litter size than other litter traits. Minimum of TBP is positively correlated with the range of TBP ($r_p=0.48$, $r_g$ > 0.6). The correlation between maximum of TBP and its individually reached frequency was negative in both data sets ($r_p=-0.28$ and - 0.22, respectively). Estimated heritability coefficients for the range of TBP comprised a span of $h^2=0.06$ to 0.10. Conclusion: An optimum both for maximum and range of total born piglets in selecting sows is a way contributing to homogenous litters in order to improving the animal-related conditions both for piglets' welfare and economic management in pig.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.123-137
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• 2018

A nonlinear mixed effects model is mainly used to analyze repeated measurement data in various fields. A nonlinear mixed effects model consists of two stages: the first-stage individual-level model considers intra-individual variation and the second-stage population model considers inter-individual variation. The individual-level model, which is the first stage of the nonlinear mixed effects model, estimates the parameters of the nonlinear regression model. It is the same as the general nonlinear regression model, and usually estimates parameters using the least squares estimation method. However, the least squares estimation method may have a problem that the estimated value of the parameters and standard errors become extremely large if the assumed nonlinear function is not explicitly revealed by the data. In this paper, a new estimation method is proposed to solve this problem by introducing the ridge regression method recently proposed in the nonlinear regression model into the first-stage individual-level model of the nonlinear mixed effects model. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with the performance with the standard estimator through a simulation study. The proposed methodology is also illustrated using quantitative high throughput screening data obtained from the US National Toxicology Program.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1862-1867
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• 2007

An individual's immune response is critical for host protection from many different pathogens, and the responsiveness can be assessed by the amount of cytokine production upon stimulating bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The difference between individuals in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) responsiveness to LPS, a Gram-negative endotoxin, was investigated from 27 healthy individuals. We observed a large variation in $IFN{\gamma}$ production among different individuals. The PBMC of the consistently three highest and three lowest $IFN{\gamma}$ producers were investigated. Since previous studies described that a single point mutation in the coding region of TLR2 and TLR4 is linked to the individual responsiveness to pathogenic bacterial infections, we first examined the known point mutations in the coding region of $TLR2^{Pro681His}$, $TLR4^{Pro714His}$ located in the cytoplasmic regions of the Toll-like domain as well as $TLR4^{Asp299Gly}$ located in the extracellular region. None of these mutations were associated with an individual's responsiveness to LPS, despite the presence of $TLR4^{Asp299Gly}$ mutation. Further investigation revealed that the variation of PBMC responsiveness to LPS among healthy individuals was due to constitutive expression levels of TLR4 and TLR2. This result is consistent with an aging-related low expression of Toll-like receptors in the mouse model of LPS responsiveness. The present study therefore suggests that the constitutive expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 may contribute to the individual response to LPS.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to analyse the adjustment of the proportion of segment duration in imitating voice. When imitating others' voices, how far is his/her original proportion of segment duration adjusted, and what is this adjustment like under various segments? In this study, I classified segments into consonants and vowels and consonants classified into obstruents and sonorants. The result of the analysis is as follows. ; (1)Individual variation in the proportion of obstruent is not significant, and when imitating, and its distribution is not typicalized. (2) Vowels has individual variation in the proportion of segment duration even under imitating. (3) Nasal has the most distinct individual variation even under imitating, compared with vowel and obstruent. For the further study, I should examine the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative changes in liquid (among sonorant) to find out which segment can best describe personnel characteristics of the proportion of segment duration in imitating voice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.941-952
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to provide the fundamental data on elementary school girls' somatotype for their clothing construction by contemplating the stage of physical growth dividing into the period of school age and characterizing the variation of body type according to the school age. The results are as follows : 1. Form the results of one-way variables analysis and multiple comparson test(Duncan's test) classification of the period school age can be divided into 'early grade(1 2 grade)' ' middle grade(3 4 grade)' and 'later grade(5 6 grade)' 2. As the results of analyzing Mean Coefficient of Variation and Standard Deviation graph for direct and indirect measurments and index especially of the Coefficient Variation that explain individual difference of growth the items of height indicates individual difference related with height of lower body of early grade group the items of length individual difference related with length of upper body of later grade group and the items of circumference make little difference. The items of anagle makes pretty higher value that direct measurements and especially in lower angle of chest make a distinctive difference, This fact proves that children's somatotype change from the belly part extruded forwards of early and middle grade to the upper body part slanted slightly forward of later grade.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study is to test whether VOT values of the Korean plain stops in intervocalic position are encoded differently by individual speakers. In Scobbie (2006), the VOT values to the /p/-/b/ voicing contrast in Shetland Isles English were found to demonstrate a high degree of inter-speaker variation. More importantly such variation was not arbitrary: first, there was an inverse relationship between the amount of prevoicing for /b/ and the duration of aspiration for /p/. Second, the inter-speaker variation was shown to be similar between the subjects and their parents. These results suggest that the phonetic targets for VOT are specified in fine detail by speakers. The present study further explores this issue in terms of testing 1) whether the likelihood and the amount of voicing for the intervocalic plain stops in Korean show inter-speaker variation; 2) whether the likelihood and the exact amount of voicing for the intervocalic plain stops in Korean are closely related to the amount of aspiration for the Korean intervocalic aspirated stops. The results of the study suggest that the voicing of intervocalic plain stops in Korean varied according to the individual speakers, but it did not seem to be directly interrelated with the amount of aspiration of the aspirated stop sin the same phonological position.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-39
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• 2004

Mothers of 58 20-month-olds in Seoul, the Republic of Korea, completed vocabulary checklists for their children. When vocabulary level was taken into account, children's vocabularies contained relatively greater proportions of nouns than other word classes, and more verbs than adjectives or closed-class words. Correlations among word classes showed that each word class was consistently positively correlated with every other class. Girls' vocabularies showed evidence of being larger than boys. Large individual differences in the sizes of children's vocabularies were found. Factors that influence vocabulary size and can account for gender and individual differences are discussed. Noun prevalence in the vocabularies of children learning to speak Korean, and the merits of several theories that may account for this word-class prevalence pattern, are evaluated.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 2003

We here outlined our study on the variations in intake of nutrients based on four season 7 consecutive day weighed diet records (WDRs) from 80 Japanese female dietitians in 1996 - 1997. Furthermore, we reviewed Japanese, Korean and international articles investigating variability in consumption of foods as well as nutrients. The relative contributions of variation for all nutrients by person were greater than those by day, week and season. Within individual variances were greater than that between individual variances, being generally observed in Korea and in the world. The ratios of within- vs. between-individual variations ranged from 1.3-26.9 in our study, the ratios being greatest in Korean, followed by Japanese and western people. Based on within individual coefficients of variation, minimal days necessary for estimating nutrient consumption per person within 10％ (20％) of the true mean with 95％ confidence intervals were estimated. They ranged from 10-35 (3-9) days for energy and major nutrients and 15-640(4-160) days for micro-nutrients. Two Japanese studies reported that the ratios for foods were as a whole greater than those for nutrients, except for cereals, rice and milk. (J community Nutrition 5(2) : 72-82,2003).

• Plant Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.48-57
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• 2023

In this study, I discussed a way of the improved operation criteria to detect combustion instability in advance F-Class Gas Turbine, which adopts lean pre-mixed combustion system. The data of 16 blades path temperature thermocouple installed radially at the gas Turbine exit were collected to analyze the variation of individual blade path temperature. The cumulative variation in individual blade path temperature for one week under normal combustion conditions was confirmed to be up to 26℃. On the other hand, in the event of combustion instability, the symptoms of increased temperature variations in the individual thermocouple were mostly seen from a few days ago. Based on the results of this study, it is deemed appropriate to inspect and maintain in Ulsan Thermal Power Gas Turbine when the individual blade path temperature exceeds 50℃ of the cumulative variation for 10 days.