• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.238-241
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• 2006

For the effective reduction of structural vibration level it is important to obtain the exciting force components. But, sometimes direct force measurement is infeasible due to the geometric limitation of sensor placement. In this case, indirect force identification becomes useful tool for obtaining input force information. In this paper, indirect force technique was applied to air-jet weaving machine and shows some numerical results.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2021

웹 어셈블리는 웹 환경에서 수행 가능한 명령어 형식을 일컫는다. 최근 웹 어셈블리의 성능적인 우수함 때문에 다양한 웹 애플리케이션에서 웹 어셈블리가 활용되고 있다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 보안 관점에서 웹 어셈블리의 간접호출 명령어에 대한 보호 기능에 취약한 부분이 있다는 것을 알게 되었고, 이에 이러한 웹 어셈블리에서의 간접호출 명령어의 보호를 위한 코드 계측 기술인 WACFI를 제안한다. 구체적으로 WACFI에서는 소스 코드 분석을 통해 얻은 정보를 활용해 웹 어셈블리 코드를 수정하여 웹 어셈블리의 간접호출 명령어 보호 기능을 강화하였다. 우리의 실험결과에 따르면 WACFI는 단지 약 2.75%의 성능 부하만으로 이러한 보안 기능을 제공하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1993

In this study, we carried out the rapid diagnostic system based on indirect fluorescent anti-body technique (IFAT) for detection of bacterial diseases in cultured freshwater fishes. 1. When the fishes were tested with graded dilution of Edwardsiella tarda FPC 470 bacteria detection from ten fishes Injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$colony forming unit(CFU) /ml, all of them were detected by IFAT but only two fishes were recognizable by the culture method in the tested fishes injected with $4.1{\times}10^3$CFU /ml. 2. The bacteria E. tarda could be detected by IFAT method from 1 to 48hrs after Injection in the tissues tested such as kidney, liver and spleen of the fishes, whereas detection by culture method could be recognized from 1 to 48hrs after injection In the kidney and spleen but it was not possible from preinjection to 1 hr in the liver. 3. Thus, IFAT proved to be more useful technique than plate culture method in the diagnosis of Edwardsiellosis in the freshwater fishes.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.74-83
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• 1996

An iterative tuning technique is derived for PID controllers which are widely used in industries. The tuning algorithm is based upon a fuzzy indirect reasoning method and an iterative technique. The PID gains for the first tuning action are determined by a method which is modified from the Ziegler-Nichols step response method. The first PID gains are determined to obtain a control performance so close to a design performance that the following tuning process can be made effectively. The design paramaters are given as time-domain variables which human is familiar with. The results of simulation studies show that the proposed tuning method can produce an effective tuning for arbitrary design performances.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.324-328
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• 2014

Although fiber-reinforced posts have been widely used, they sometimes fail to obtain sufficient retention because of an extremely large canal space. To address this, several techniques have been introduced including relining of the fiber-reinforced posts. Here, we used a relined glass-fiber post to increase retention and fitness to the root canal in a crown reattachment case. The relining procedure was performed by using an indirect method on the working cast. This case also highlights the esthetic concerns regarding dehydration of the attached crown fragment.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.437-440
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• 1998

In this paper, the design method of fuzzy neural network(FNN) controller using indirect adaptive control technique is presented for controlling chaotic nonlinear systems. Firstly, the fuzzy model identified with a FNN in off-line process. Secondly, the trained fuzzy model tunes adaptively the control rules of the FNN controller in on-line process. In order to evaluate the proposed control method, Indirect adaptive control method is applied to the representative continuous-time chaotic nonlinear systems, that is, the Duffing system and the Lorenz system. Simulations are done to verify the effectivencess of controller.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.2-9
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• 2014

Background: Indirect reduction technique offers a valid option in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome and the complication rate after indirect reduction and internal fixation of unstable proximal humeral fractures with use of a locking plate. Methods: Twenty four patients with acute proximal humerus fracture were managed with indirect reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 months. Results: The anatomical reduction of the medial cortex buttress was seen in 16 patients (66%) of the Group A and the non-anatomical reduction was seen in 8 patients (33%) of the Group B. Mean union time was $3.2{\pm}1.9$ months; it was $2.2{\pm}0.6$ months in the Group A and $5.3{\pm}2.2$ months in the Group B (p < 0.05). In our series, there were 6 cases of complications and these include 2 cases of varus malunion, 2 cases of shoulder stiffness, 1 case of heterotrophic ossification, 2 cases of screw perforation and 1 case of impingement. Conclusions: We conclude from our studies that indirect reduction and internal fixation using locking plate for acute proximal humerus fracture can give good results with bony union and predictable good overall functional outcome. If the medial cortex buttress is well maintained, a better anatomical reduction would be achieved, the union would be prompted, the pain would be further reduced and the range of the motion would be recovered more promptly.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.445-454
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• 1994

Osseointegrated implant prostheses are to provide normal function without compromising the unique interaction between the tissue and the implant. The essential requirement for the osseointegrated implant prostheses is passive fit of abutment. Therefore, the impression must be accurate and reproduciable since the resultant master cast precisely duplicates the clinical condition. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the master casts obtained from five impression techniques. Group 1 : To take impression with indirect technique and Impregum F. Group 2 : To take impression with unsplinted direct technique and Impregum F. Group 3 : To take impression with splinted direct technique and Impregum F. Group 4 : To take impression with unsplinted direct technique and Xanthano. Group 5 : To take impression with splinted dierct technique and Xanthano. The results were as follow : 1. In taking impression of Impregum F, there was no significant difference between to use of indirect technique and unsplinted direct technique.(p<0.05) 2. Unsplinted direct technique with Impregum F is less accurate than splinted direct technique with Impregum F or Xanthano and unsplinted direct technique with Xanthano.(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between splinted direct technique with Impregum F and unsplinted direct technique with Xanthano.(p<0.05) 4. Splinted direct technique reproduce more accurate than unsplinted direct technique.(p<0.05) 5. Impression plaster produced less distortion than polyether.(p<0.05) As a result, splinted direct technique with Xanthano was the most accurate technique. As a result, splinted direct technique with Xanthano was the most accurate technique in this study. In addition to dimensinal changes in the materials used, positional errors were also attributed to the mechanical components used in the transfer porocess. Although the errors measured were relatively small, this study demonstrates the potential for distortions with the transfer technique used. Further study is indicated that ?the technique will be able to reproduce the intraoral relationship of implant fixtures reliably and predictably.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of direct and indirect methods of contract-relax techniques in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching for improving hamstring flexibility. Methods: Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either a direct contract-relax technique group or an indirect contract-relax group. For each group, stretching intervention was performed three times a week for a period of two weeks, with 12 seconds for the contraction and 10 seconds for the relaxation per once. The direct contract-relax technique for hamstring flexibility was applied by asking the subject to press down on the shoulder of the trainer in the straight leg-raising position. Conversely, the indirect contract-relax technique was performed by raising the leg with resistance. To facilitate a comparative analysis of hamstring flexibility between the two groups before and after the stretching intervention, two-way repeated ANOVA was performed. Hamstring flexibility for each group was measured using a passive straight leg-raising test. Results: The results showed significant improvement in hamstring flexibility for all subjects in the two groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, both direct and indirect contract-relax techniques are confirmed to be useful for improving hamstring flexibility. The choice of suitable technique has to be made individually according to the condition of each subject.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2004

Statement of problem: Major objective in making on implant-supported prosthesis is the production of superstructure that exhibits a passive fit when connected to multiple abutments. One requirement to ensure passive fit is to make an accurate impression. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. Material and method: The master model used in this study was resin block having low implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fxiture level (Group FIX-D), 2) indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-M), 4) direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum $F^{(R)}$ impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error. Conclusion: An impression method have more effect on accuracy of master model than an impression level. A modified indirect method showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.