• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-110
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• 1994

This study is an empiriacl analysis of effects of government intervention on the health care delivery system in Korea. The purposes of this study are to find out the effects of government intervention on the per capita national health expenditure(per capita NHE), crude mortality rate(CMR), and institutional efficiency. Here, the institutional efficiency is defined as a formula shown below: log$\frac{100-curde mortality rate }{per capita NHE}$$\times$100. The formula indicates that the instiutional efficiency increases if the CMR and/or per capita NHE goes down. In the meantime the government intervention is measured by six independent variables: I) the degree of social developments, ii) the numberr of physicians per 100, 000 population, iii) the proportion of specialists among the total physicians, iv) the proportion of public expenditure among the NHE, v) the proportion of public beds to the total number of beds, vi) the proportion of physicians working at the public sector to the total number of physicians. In the above six independent variables iv), v) and vi) are the ones that reflect the degree of government intervention. In actual calculation, the two independent variables v) and vi) are integrated into a new variable based on one to one correspondence. The materials used are the time-series data from 1970 through 1990 in Korea. A path analysis and the time-series regression analysis were adopted to estimate and examine the causal relationship between variables involved. And decomposition of the effect of causal relationship is made to find net effect, direct and indirect effect. The major findings are as follows; 1. The effect of public expenditure, number of physicians per 100, 000 population, the proportion of specialists among the total physicians and social development shows a positive relationship with per capita NHE. Only if the government intervention would be counted, the effects of the number of physicians and the proportion of specialists succeed in containing per capita NHE. 2. In additionn to the above four variables, one additional variable, per capita NHE, was also responsible for the reduction of CMR. The factor of social development found to be the most potent predictor of the CMR reduction. However, the CMR reduction due to government intervention was negligible. 3. Meanwhile, the above four variables were found to was have negative effects on the institutional efficiency. The reverse is true when the government intervention is counted. For example, the number of physicians and the proportion of specialists have played a positive role in raising institutional efficiency via goverment intervention. This comes from the factual effect that the increment of institutional efficiency via the reduction of per capita NHE is bigger than via the reduction of CMR.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-518
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• 2012

Korean type of no-tillage cultivation method which was applied on this study used the ridge and the furrow and constantly recycling them as it was suitable for Korea's weather and farming conditions. This no-tillage cultivation was reported to have little negative impact such as reduction of production (Kwon et al., 1997). In addition, it was found to have a lot of benefits as it requires less agro-materials and energy costs as well as shortened working hours because tillage operation is not needed. (Yang et al., 2012). According to an analysis, no-tillage cultivation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by $344.7kgCO^2$ (58%) in every 10a ($1,000m^2$) compared to ordinary pepper farming technique (Korea averages). Direct-indirect reduction effects from using fertilizer and using less amount of energy were 92% and 44% respectively both of which can be considered very high. Besides the direct effects of no-tillage cultivation, soil management using no-tillage technique raises carbon sequestration effect on soil as time goes on (West & Marland, 2002), that is why the technique is expected to have constant carbon emission reduction effect. For theses reasons, distribution and expansion of Korean type no-tillage cultivation are expected to play a role as major agro-green technologies for achieving our goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural sector.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2023

In recent years, fine and yellow dust pollution has become serious in Korea and has negatively affected crop production. Particulate matter (PM) adheres to greenhouse coverings, and it reduces the amount of solar radiation transmitted into a greenhouse. A reduction in light transmittance can have a direct effect on crop photosynthesis and an indirect effect on air temperature in a greenhouse, which can lead to differences in crop yield. The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in light transmittance of different cover materials by PM and to determine the changes in cucumber growth in a greenhouse due to reduced light transmittance. We measured the changes in light transmittance of polyethylene (PE) and polyolefin (PO) films in the PM generation chambers. Also, cucumber plants were cultivated in a greenhouse with four different light reduction treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30% reduction of light transmittance). The initial light transmittance of PO film was higher than that of PE film and the decrease in light transmittance of PO film due to PM was less than that of PE film. The vegetative growth of cucumber was promoted under the reduced light transmittance treatments; however, the yield of cucumber was highest in the control (0% reduction of light transmittance). From the results, we confirmed that PO film was less PM adhesion and that cucumber yield during the spring season can be reduced by the reduction in light transmittance due to PM.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

This study is about the suggestion of reduction method for social insurance cost of startup SMEs Based on the study abroad and the current status of Korea we suggest several methods such as direct and indirect support, exemption, deferment/loan. For the economic effect analysis, we derived benefits and costs. Employment, value added, and revenue increasing effects are considered as benefits. Costs are analyzed by each method. In case of exemption, the analysis is impossible. Analysis results show that direct and deferment/loan case have an effect of 563,469 jobs creation, added value of 26.82 trillion wons, and increase in tax revenues about 82.4 billion wons. In case of exemption, There are 105,368 jobs creation, 5.02 trillion wons of added value, and 15.4 billion wons of increase in tax revenues. And for each case, there are costs 9.58 trillion won, 5.42 trillion won, 1.79 trillion won.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.720-725
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• 2000

To reduce the antigenicity of egg white (EW), EW was treated with several proteolytic enzymes, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS), heat, and NaOH. Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA), using rabbit anti-EW antibody, was performed to examine the antigenicity of the treated EW's. Enzymatic hydrolysis gave no good effect on the reduction of the antigenicity of EW. Neither did the pretreatment with ${\gamma}-irradiation$ before the hydrolysis reduce the antigenicity. TFMS treatment removed the antigenicity of EW. The antigenicity of EW heated at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min or treated with NaOH at 0.3% (w/v) and more, decreased to less than 1/10,000 as compared with that of native EW. The combinatory treatment with NaOH, followed by heat at $70^{\circ}C$ for 15 min had a synergic effect on the reduction of the antigenicity of EW.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2016

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Forty ballast water treatment systems were granted final approval. A variety of techniques have been developed for ballast water treatment including UV treatment, indirect or direct electrolysis, ozone treatment, chemical compounds and plasma-arc method. In particular, using plasma and ozone nano-bubble treatments have been attracted in the fields. However, these treatment systems have a problem such as remained toxic substance, demand for high power source, low efficiency, ets. In this paper, we present our strilization results obtained from membrane type electrolytic-reduction treatment system The core of an electrolysis unit is an electrochemical cell, which is filled with pure water and has two electrodes connected with an external power supply. At a certain voltage, which is called critical voltage, between both electrodes, the electrodes start to produce hydrogen gas at the negatively biased electrode and oxygen gas at the positively biased electrode. The amount of gases produced per unit time is directly related to the current that passes through the electrochemical cell. From the results, we could confirm the sterilization effect of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. Coli and demonstrate the mechanism of sterilization phenomena by electrolytic-reduction treatment system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

Nonlinear distortion introduced by the optical transmitter using a direct modulation of laser diode(LD) and an indirect modulation of optical modulator can limit considerably the performance of analog optical link system such as subcarrier multiplexing system. In this paper, we have compensated the nonlinear distortion of LD and optical modulator using electrical predistorter. In the case of LD, two-tone experiments using 877.5 MHz and 882.5 MHz have shown reduction of 19 dB in third-order intermodulation product(IMP$_3$). And in the case of optical modulator, we have achieved nearly 21 dB reduction in IMP3 through two-tone experiments using 1.8975 GHz and 1.9025 GHz. The spurious free dynamic ranges of LD and optical modulator are also improved by 5 dB/Hz$^{2}$ 3/ and 7 dB/Hz$^{2}$ 3/, respectively.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

In this paper, the real time monitoring system for the abnormal state of marine algae does not detect the plankton which may directly cause the red tide or the water bloom. But checks both oxygen reduction and nitrogen reduction in water, which indicates the characteristics of zooplankton and phytoplankton respectively, and this system makes a module that monitors in real time the temperature and the illumination of the water, which are indirect factors, with sensors placed in and outside the water, and this module transmits signals periodically at specific intervals to a sever that builds up data base, and the data collected in these ways will be analyzed and compared with the standard data from Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and then these data will be made the adequate form of information to be provided to the users as visual information, thus, this system intends to make a red tide and water bloom monitoring system tailored for individual fish farm businesses that has local characteristics and can quickly operate outside working hours, which differs from the existing wide area detecting and monitoring systems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.253-280
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• 2008

Previous research indicates that depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption are highly correlated with each other. However, there is lack of consensus on the causal relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol use. In order to address this limitation, this paper examines causal relationship between the two variables using non-recursive structural equation modeling, controlling sociodemographic and psycho-socio-behavioral variables. Data included 14,469 community dwelling individuals who participated in Korea Welfare Panel Study in 2006. Results showed that the effects of alcohol consumption on depressive symptoms was statistically significant, whereas the effects of depressive symptoms on alcohol consumption was not. Significant portions of the effects of psycho-socio-behavioral variables on depressive symptoms were indirect through their effects on alcohol consumption. Based on the results, implications for intervention and future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2021

As the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Information Age, companies are in the state of infinite competition due to the rapidly changing technological environment and fierce competition. In this situation companies are making efforts to gain the competitive advantage by introducing information systems. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is considered a method to gain a competitive edge in rapid change. In fact, companies that already have introduced the SCM system are achieving company renovation with positive effects such as increase of sales stock reduction on-time delivery cost reduction and improved efficiency. This study was started to investigate the resistance that occurs in introducing the SCM system for small and medium-sized manufacturing industries that have not yet introduced the SCM system despite the importance of the SCM system, and to check the effect on the intention of the introduction. As the result of this study, the first is that the company has the higher technological innovation, the more positive the effect on Relative advantage Compatibility Perceived risk, Complexity. Second, The compatibility of the SCM system was rejected in innovation resistance, but it is adopted with the highest impact in the introduction intention. In addition, the mediating effect of innovation resistance was also rejected, confirming that if the SCM system is compatible for the company, it doesn't affect the resistance and is the biggest factor to consider in the introduction of the SCM system. Third, the perceived risk of the SCM system doesn't directly affect the intention to introduce, but has an indirect effect when mediation innovation resistance.