• 제목/요약/키워드: Indirect network Externality

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직·간접 네트워크 외부성하에서 인터넷포털 기업의 시장력 분석 (Market Power of Internet Portals with Direct and Indirect Network Externality)

  • 진양수
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.87-126
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    • 2009
  • 인터넷포털 산업에서 최종사용자시장으로부터 광고주시장으로 작용하는 간접 네트워크 외부성과 최종사용자시장 내의 직접 네트워크 외부성의 크기는 인터넷포털 기업 간 경쟁에 있어서 중요한 경쟁정책적 의미를 가진다. 본 연구는 국내 인터넷포털 산업에서 직 간접 네트워크 외부성의 실재와 크기, 인터넷포털 기업들의 시장력을 실증구조모형을 통해 분석하고 경쟁정책에의 시사점을 제시한다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 산업 내에 이러한 직 간접 네트워크 외부성이 실재하며, 이로 인해 최종사용자시장 점유율과 광고주시장의 시장력 사이에 '레버리지' 효과가 존재함을 보여준다.

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네트워크 외부성이 첨단기술제품에 대한 가치와 채택의도에 미치는 영향: 컨버전스제품을 중심으로 (Effects of Network Externality on Perceived Value and Adoption of High-tech Products : Focusing on Convergence Products)

  • 박경자
    • 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.21-42
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    • 2015
  • Purpose The high-technology market shows characteristics of a highly interdependent network market in both supply-side and demand-side, compared to other markets. Particularly, for convergence products, connectivity with related elements, as well as characteristics of innovation itself, is relatively important to the extent that they combine functions provided by several devices into a single device. Therefore, this study aims to identify whether network externality exists in value and adoption of a convergence product and discover a source of network externality, if any. Design/methodology/approach: Through a preceding research analysis and a literature review, 'social influence' and 'network size' have been drawn as direct network elements. On the other hand, general (comprehensive) concept compatibilities including 'intra-technology compatibility', 'inter-technology compatibility' and 'complementary-technology compatibility' are regarded as indirect network elements. Findings: Major findings are as followed;- First, it is shown that the factors influencing on perceived value of a convergence products are 'social influence' and 'network size' as the direct network elements and 'complementary-compatibility' among indirect network elements. Second, it is also found that 'intra-technology compatibility', 'inter-technology compatibility', 'complementary-compatibility' and 'perceived value' have significant effects on adoption of a convergence product. Particularly, it is known that 'complementary-compatibility' is an important source of network externality as it plays a decisive role in value judgment and has significant effects on perceived value. It is worthwhile to notice that this study comprehensively explains effects of network on high-tech products by structuring comparability as a multi-dimensional concept, as well as direct network elements.

네트워크 외부성을 고려한 마케팅 채널 경쟁 분석 (Analysis of Marketing Channel Competition under Network Externality)

  • 조형래;이민호;임상규
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2017
  • Network externality can be defined as the effect that one user of a good or service has on the value of that product to other people. When a network externality is present, the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of others using it. There exist asymmetries in network externalities between the online and traditional offline marketing channels. Technological capabilities such as interactivity and real-time communications enable the creation of virtual communities. These user communities generate significant direct as well as indirect network externalities by creating added value through user ratings, reviews and feedback, which contributes to eliminate consumers' concern for buying products without the experience of 'touch and feel'. The offline channel offers much less scope for such community building, and consequently, almost no possibility for the creation of network externality. In this study, we analyze the effect of network externality on the competition between online and conventional offline marketing channels using game theory. To do this, we first set up a two-period game model to represent the competition between online and offline marketing channels under network externalities. Numerical analysis of the Nash equilibrium solutions of the game showed that the pricing strategies of online and offline channels heavily depend not only on the strength of network externality but on the relative efficiency of online channel. When the relative efficiency of online channel is high, the online channel can greatly benefit by the network externality. On the other hand, if the relative efficiency of online channel is low, the online channel may not benefit at all by the network externality.

양면시장형 컨버전스 산업생태계에서 플랫폼 경쟁에 관한 진화게임 모형 (An Application of Evolutionary Game Theory to Platform Competition in Two Sided Market)

  • 김도훈
    • 한국경영과학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.55-79
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    • 2010
  • This study deals with a model for platform competition in a two-sided market. We suppose there are both direct and indirect network externalities between suppliers and users of each platform. Moreover, we suppose that both users and suppliers are distributed in their relative affinity for each platform type. That is, each user [supplier] has his/her own preferential position toward each platform, and users [suppliers] are horizontally differentiated over [0, 1]. And for analytical tractability, some parameters like direct and indirect network externalities are the same across the markets. Given the parameters and the pricing profile, users and suppliers conduct subscription game, where participants select the platform that gives them the highest payoffs. This game proceeds according to a replicator dynamics of the evolutionary game, which is simplified by properly defining gains from participant's strategy in the subscription game. We find that depending on the strength of these network effects, there might either be multiple stable equilibria, at which users and suppliers distribute across both platforms, or one unstable interior equilibrium corresponding to the market tipping in favor of either platform. In both cases, we also consider the pricing power of competing platform providers under the framework of the Stackelberg game. In particular, our study examines the possible effects of the type of competition between platform providers, which may constrain the equilibrium selection in the subscription game.

디지털 컨버전스 환경에서 양면시장 플랫폼으로서의 인터넷망 중립성에 관한 동태적 분석 (Network Neutrality in the Digital Convergence Era : a System Dynamics Model with Two-Sided Market Framework)

  • 김도훈
    • 한국IT서비스학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.75-94
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    • 2011
  • The industrial ecosystem around the Internet services has been evolving since the Internet was first introduced. The Net Neutrality issue best represents the process of the evolution and presents an inevitable challenge that the industry should overcome. This paper deals with this structural change with the Two-Sided Market framework and provides a System Dynamics(SD) model to evaluate the economic implications of the net neutrality policy. In particular, our approach analyzes the policy impacts when two competing platforms (network providers) play a role of the platform in a typical two-sided market, which connects Content Providers(CPs) with users. Previous studies show that the indirect network externality between these two markets makes the entire system tip to one platform. When the multi-homing in the CP market is allowed as in our model, however, their argument may lose its validity. To examine the system behavior, conducted here is SD simulations of our model. The simulation results show that co-existence of the competing platforms persists with the network effects over a certain threshold. The net neutrality policy seems to lower the threshold based on our experimental outcomes.

이동통신 서비스 전환행동에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 (A Study on Antecedents of Customer Switching Behavior in Mobile Services)

  • 윤정인;성수정;이정우
    • 경영과학
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.169-184
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    • 2009
  • Recently, mobile telecommunication businesses contend with each other to expand their customer base by using aggressive marketing strategies. In order to determine if there strategies are effective, customer's switching behavior needs to be studied. This study identifies and analyzes direct, indirect factors that may customer switching behavior : attractiveness of alternatives, network externality, and switching cost. Results reveals that attractiveness of alternatives, network externalities have a direct impact on customer switching behavior. These two factors also have moderating effects on customer switching behavior but the switching cost does not In short, network externalities and alternatives strategically determine the success of 3.5G service. In this regard, mobile business should improve their own attractiveness of alternatives by developing specialized service in 3.5G service.

스마트 미디어 생태계

  • 김도훈
    • 정보와 통신
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    • 제29권10호
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 2012
  • 본고에서는 스마트폰과 스마트TV 등과 같은 커넥티드 디바이스(connected device)에 관한 ICT 생태계(이하 '스마트 미디어 생태계')에 대해 알아본다. 스마트 미디어 생태계는 플랫폼을 중심으로 가치가 창출되는 생태계라는 특징을 가진다. 특히, 양면시장(two-sided market)에서 관찰되는 직/간접적 네트워크 외부성(direct and indirect network externality)에 의해 작동된다. 또한 단일 기능요소보다는 여러 사업자로부터 제공되는 기능요소들의 복합체인 플랫폼 연합체(platform coalition)로 출발한다. 이에 따라 생태계 초기에는 생태계 간 경쟁과 더불어 생태계 내에서 메타 플랫폼(meta platform)의 지위를 획득하려는 지배구조 경쟁도 전개된다. 스마트 미디어 생태계의 특성과 진화과정 및 운영원리에 대한 이해는 생태계 참여자들의 전략과 생태계 활성화를 위한 정책방향에 시사하는 바가 크다.

온라인검색광고시장의 시장획정에 관한 연구 - 검색포털사업자 네이버를 중심으로 - (A study on the relevant market definition of online search advertising - Focusing on Naver, Korean Search & Portal service provider -)

  • 조대근
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.109-119
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 온라인검색광고 기반의 사업모델을 가진 대표적인 포털사업자 네이버의 광고관리시스템이 제공하는 데이터를 이용하여 온라인검색광고시장이 양면시장이 아닐 수 있음을 실증분석하고 이를 근거로 한 적절한 동 시장의 시장획정 방안 제시를 목적으로 한다. 이 목적을 위해 두 가지 연구 질문에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 첫째, 온라인검색광고 사업모델과 학문적 의의가 큰 로체-티롤의 양면시장 정의 간에 일관성이 있는가, 둘째, 온라인검색광고시장에 간접네트워크외부효과가 존재하는가이다. 특히 후자의 경우 간접네트워크외부효과가 있다면 어느 정도인지 실증분석을 수행하여야 한다. 이에 대해 본 연구는 구글과 같은 온라인검색광고서비스가 단면시장일 수 있다는 Luchetta의 이론적 주장에 기반을 두고 이를 검증하기 위해 상관 및 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 온라인검색 광고비는 직접네트워크외부효과 독립변수인 광고주가 한 단위 증가할 때 약 50원 이상 증가하였다. 그러나 간접네트워크외부효과 측정을 위해 설정한 독립변수인 검색횟수와 종속변수인 온라인검색광고비 간에는 유의적인 상관 및 회귀결과가 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과에 따르면, 온라인검색광고시장에는 양면시장의 필요조건인 간접네트워크외부효과가 존재하지 않거나 유의적이지 않아 양면시장이라기 보다는 단면시장일 가능성이 높다. 이는 온라인검색광고시장에 전통적인 시장획정 방법을 적용할 수 있고, 본원적인 경쟁요소를 모색하는데 유리하며, 경쟁상황에 대한 설명력이 높아짐을 의미한다. 또한 양면시장에 대한 시각차를 보여 온 경제학자들과 규제실무자를 포함한 법학자들의 간극도 어느 정도 극복할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점 (Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective)

  • 정남호;한희정;구철모
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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