• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.66-75
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• 1997

Sound transmission from the luggage comparment into the car cabin is important in the viewpoint if exhaust and road noises of passenger cars. In this paper, acoustic modal coupling between passenger and luggage compartments through loudspeaker holes at parcel shelf is dealt with for a sedan type passenger car with rigid rear seat. For these purposes, a half-scaled model car is tested and computed by the indirect BEM. Predicted acoustic transfer functions are compared with experimental ones and they agree reasonably well. It is found that the fore-aft resonance frequencies of the passenger cavity in the absence of coupling holes are tend to shift to higher frequencies when the luggage compartment is coupled to the passenger cavity.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Nowadays software developers are moving from conventional software process technologies to the object-oriented paradigm. To develope the object-oriented softwares efficiently, various software metrics have been suggested. Coupling refers to the degree of independence between components of the system. It has long been well known that good software practice calls for minimizing coupling interaction. Many researches have been studied coupling metrics of the object- oriented systems. We review Chidamber and Kemerer's work & Li's work. In this paper, we study the coupling of the overall structures of object-oriented systems by analyzing the class diagram of UML. We propose four coupling metrics for object-oriented softwares. First, we use an established coupling metric for object- oriented systems as a basic coupling metric. Then we modify the basic coupling metric by including indirect coupling between classes, We also suggest two relative coupling metrics to measure coupling between subsystems. We investigate the theoretical soundness of the proposed metrics by the axioms of Briand et al. Finally, we apply the presented metrics to a practical case study. This coupling metric will be helpful to the software developers for their designing tasks by evaluating the coupling metric of the structures of object-oriented system and redesigning tasks of the system.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

The indirect-contact ECG measurement is a newly developed method for unconstrained and nonconscious measurement in daily life. This study introduced a new method of electrode circuit design developed for reducing the 60Hz power line noise observed at the indirect-contact ECG measurement. By the introduced common-mode-driven shielding, the voltage of the electrical shield surrounding the capacitive coupling electrode is maintained at the same as the common mode voltage. Though the method cannot reduce the level of common mode voltage itself, that reduces effectively the differential mode noise converted from the common mode voltage by the difference of cloth impedance between the two capacitive coupling electrode. The experiment results using the actual indirect-contact ECG showed that the 60Hz power line noise was reduced remarkably though the reduction ratio was smaller than the expected by the theory. Especially, the reduction ratio became large for the large difference of cloth. It is expected that the introduced method is useful for reducing the power line noise under condition of poor electrical grounding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.217-227
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• 1996

The new field of learning control develops controllers that learn to improve their performance at executing a given task, based on experience performin this specific task. In a previous work［6］, the authors presented a theory of indirect learning control based on use of indirect adaptive control concepts employing simultaneous identification ad control. This paper develops improved indirect learning control algorithms, and studies the use of such controllers in decentralized systems. The original motivation of the learning control field was learning in robots doing repetitive tasks such as on an assembly line. This paper starts with decentralized discrete time systems, and progresses to the robot application, modeling the robot as a time varying linear system in the neighborhood of the nominal trajectory, and using the usual robot controllers that are decentralized, treating each link as if it is independent of any coupling with other links. The basic result of the paper is to show that stability of the indirect learning controllers for all subsystems when the coupling between subsystems is turned off, assures convergence to zero tracking error of the decentralized indirect learning control of the coupled system, provided that the sample time in the digital learning controller is sufficiently short.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.217-227
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• 1996

The new filed of learning control develops controllers that learn to improve their performance at executing a given task , based on experience performing this specific task. In a previous work[6], authors presented a theory of indirect learning control based on use of indirect adaptive control concepts employing simultaneous identification and control. This paper develops improved indirect learning control algorithms, and studies the use of such controller indecentralized systems. The original motivation of the learning control field was learning in robots doing repetitive tasks such as on an asssembly line. This paper starts with decentralized discrete time systems. and progresses to the robot application, modeling the robot as a time varying linear system in the neighborhood of the nominal trajectory, and using the usual robot controllers that are decentralized, treating each link as if it is independent of any coupling with other links. The resultof the paper is to show that stability of the indirect learning controllers for all subsystems when the coupling between subsystems is turned off, assures convergence to zero tracking error of the decentralized indirect learning control of the coupled system, provided that the sample tie in the digital learning controller is sufficiently short.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is rapidly emerging as the efficient approach in contemporary complex, heterogeneous computing environments. SOA increases the adaptability by loose coupling and its main feature is that three elements such as service provider, service requester and service registry are connected with each other systematically. To design the service-oriented system efficiently, a metric to measure the coupling between services accurately is needed. In this paper, we propose four coupling metrics for SOA based softwares. First, we suggest a coupling metric for service-oriented systems by modifying an established coupling metric of object-oriented systems. Then we suggest another coupling metric which includes indirect coupling between services. We also suggest two relative coupling metrics to measure coupling between subsystems. We investigate the theoretical soundness of the proposed metrics by the axioms of Briand et al. Finally, we apply the presented metrics to an industrial-scale case study.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2022

Due to the complexity of the structure and the limits of classical SEA, a combined SEA approach is employed, with angle-dependent SEA in the low- and mid-frequency ranges and advanced SEA (ASEA) considering indirect coupling in the high-frequency range. As an important component of the steel box girder, the dynamic response of an L-junction periodic ribbed plate is calculated first by the combined SEA and validated by the impact hammer test and finite element method (FEM). Results show that the indirect coupling due to the periodicity of stiffened plate is significant at high frequencies and may cause the error to reach 38.4 dB. Hence, the incident bending wave angle cannot be ignored in comparison to classical SEA. The combined SEA is then extended to investigate the vibration properties of the steel box girder. The bending wave transmission study is likewise carried out to gain further physical insight into indirect coupling. By comparison with FEM and classical SEA, this approach yields good accuracy for calculating the dynamic responses of the steel box girder made of periodic ribbed plates in a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the influences of some important parameters are discussed, and suggestions for vibration and noise control are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

Entropy waves(or hot spots) in a gas turbine combustor are generated by irregular heat release from flames, then can be coupled with acoustic waves when they are accelerated at the exit of the combustor. This coupling mechanism between the entropy and the acoustic waves is generally known to be one of the triggers for combustion instability, which is commonly called "indirect" combustion noise. This paper reviews the fundamental theories on generation, propagation, and coupling with acoustic field of entropy waves and recent research results on the indirect combustion noise for gas turbine combustors.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 1995

We suggest the phenominological model to determine the mangetoelastic coupling coefficient in Cu/Ni/Cu thin films by considering effective anisotropy energy with magnetic film thicknesses. This indirect determination can be applied other single crystalline systems.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 1991

본 논문에서는 전자파 해석에 관련된 기존의 해석 기법들을 간략하게 비교, 검토하고 GTD / UTD를 기본으로하여 고주파 해석 기법에 관련된 몇가지 문제들을 다룬다. 전자파 해석이란 전자파의 복사(radiation), 산란(scattering) 및 결합(coupling)에 관련된 문제의 해석을의미 한다. 전자파 해석은 여러 목적을위해 응용되고 있으며 EMC / EMI문제의 분석 및 대책 수립에도 응용될 수 있다. EMC / EMI 문제의 근원은 전자파의 간섭(interference) 현상이다. Emitting source로부터 복사(radiation)되는 간섭파는 여러 경로를 통해서 receptor로 coupling된다. 일반적으로 emitter와 receptor사이에는 여러 복잡한 구조물이 산란체로 작용하고 있으므로, emitter와 receptor사이의 직접경로(direct path)를 통한 coupling과 함께 구조물에 의한 전자파의 반사 및 회절을 통한 간접경로(indirect path)의 coupling도 고려되어야 한다. 따라서 EMC / EMI문제는 자유공간(free space)상에 있는 antenna 사이의 송수신 문제보다 매우 복잡하고 정확한 couplin의 계 산에 적지않은 어려움이 있다. EMC / EMI대책수립은 일차적으로 coupling path의 차단을 통해서 가능하므로 전자 파의 coupling path의 분석과 전자파의 복사 및 산란 mechanism에 대한 해석이 필수적이다.