• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.415-422
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• 2013

The contents development for the Internet and cyber tour has been attempted in a number of areas. 3D topography of the spatial environment, land planning and land information contents as a 3D tour of the future ubiquitous city safe for tourism due to the implementation of information made available major area. Domestic service, and in urban areas of the country where land and precise spatial information in order to shoot satellites and aircraft in the area you want to mount the camera on a variety of photo images taken by conducting 3D spatial that is required is able to obtain the information. Geo spatial information in a variety of direct or indirect acquisition of the initial spatial data into a database for accurate collection, storage, editing, manipulation and application technology changes in the future by establishing a database of 3D spatial by securing content organization ubiquitous tourist to take advantage of new tourism industry was greatly. As a result of this study for future tourism using geo spatial information and analysis of 3D modeling by intelligent land information indirectly, with quite a few stereo site experience and a variety of tourist spatial acquisition and utilization of information could prove.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1998

Seed and leaf size is the important morphological traits considered by plant breeder and is the important yield components in soybean. The objective of this research was to know the relationship between seed size and leaf size in 66 $F_2$ populations derived from half diallel mating system with 12 soybean strains, representing distinct seed and leaf size. The range of seed size for 12 parents used was 6.7 to 43.8 g/100 seed. Leaf width leaf length ranged 5.7 to 8.6 cm and 9.4 to 12.9 cm, respectively. Leaf width was highly correlated with leaf length with an R square of 0.754 in the $F_2$ generation. The $F_2$ regression` coefficient indicated that leaves were, on average 1.4 times greater length than in width . Leaf size (width) was highly correlated (r.0.91) with seed size (g/100 seed) in the $F_2$ generation with an R square of 0.833. Our results indicate postive correlation within seed and leaf size is common in $F_2$ segregating populations derived from crossing with soybean. The strong liner relationship we observed between leaf size and seed size in $F_2$ segragating population is useful in that in that indirect selection for a secondary character may be superior to direct selection for the primary character.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship and the importance of relevant variables among structure, process, and outcome dimensions of nursing department in hospitals. The subject for this study was the registered nurses(N=400) working in medical, intensive care, and surgical units at 5 general hospitals with more than 500beds in Chungnam and Chungbuk. The research design was cross-sectional correlation among the variables based on their self description. The survey instrument was based on eleven structured questionnaires. The data were collected from April 26 to May 26, 1999. The SPSS/PC+ program and LISREL 8.12a program were used to analyze the data. Based on the data collected, the following results were obtained. The relationship among structural, procedural, and outcome dimensions 1. Structural dimension had a relationship with procedural dimension relating to decision-making of caregiving and working conditions, in particular, participation of the problem identification. 2. The extent of participation in decision-making had a relationship with organizational commitment and group effectiveness through the selection process among the total decision-making processes. 3. The structural dimension had a large direct effect rather than indirect effect through decision making processes on organizational commitment and group effectiveness. The relationship of structure, process, outcome dimensions was partially supported by this study. The information obtained from surveys in the field form the basis for the following recommendations for improving organizational effectiveness with in the nursing department in an hospitals. 1) Establishment of decentralized structure, environment, and culture in organizational settings would be desirable so that their members may actively participate in decision-making process. 2) Continuous education and training of nurses with theoretical Knowledge and skill of decision making, practical knowledge, and upright role perception should be highly emphasized for persons in nursing schools and in on-the-job training.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2019

We examined the mediating effect of the consistency of the values of organizational members on the relationship between the values of IT enterprise executives and organizational performance. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, which were set up to achieve the purpose of this study, were verified as follows. First, Hypothesis 1 proposed that the values of management will have a positive effect on organizational performance. Second, Hypothesis 2 proposed that the values of management are likely to have a positive effect on the consistency of the values of organizational members. Third, Hypothesis 3 proposed that the consistency of the values of organizational members will have a positive (+) influence on organizational performance. We found that the consistency of the values of organizational members has a positive (+) influence on organizational performance. Hypothesis 3 was adopted. Fourth, the consistency of the values of the organizational members proved that the organizations with high consistency of values performed well by mediating the values and organizational performance of management. In other words, according to the values of the management, we can improve an organization's sustainability management system by increasing the value of organizational performance and the values of organizational members. Therefore, we must establish plans that can be shared systematically and strategically about the values of management. In addition, the consistency of the values of organizational members has a direct or indirect influence on improving organizational performance. Therefore, we need to systematically derive and improve various factors that can increase the consistency of the values of organizational members in terms of strategic human resource management, such as organizational vision, core values, talent awards, selection process, and motivation. Therefore, the greatest significance of this study is in its theoretical and practical implications for increasing the sustainability management system by using the influence of the executives' can do to further improve the organizational performance.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-278
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• 2015

In this study, the elastomer cover, a new contact material, was developed to establish the customized ultrasonic measurement considering surface irregularities of stone cultural heritages. The cover exhibits high elastic force and wear resistance because it has tensile strength of 17MPa and elongation of 625%. In addition, as a result of comparative experiments for the seven types according to transducers and contact materials including the elastomer cover, rock surface irregularities significantly affect attenuation of ultrasonic velocity. The phenomenon was more noticeable in the chiseling finish and indirect transmission measurement rather than the dabbed finish and direct transmission measurement. However, the Type F using the exponential transducer and elastomer cover showed stable P-wave velocity and high amplitude regardless of the surface irregularities. This because the elastomer cover sufficiently sticks to surface irregularities and removes pores between a transducer and a rock specimen. Therefore, the Type F should be used for the ultrasonic measurement of stone cultural heritages with surface irregularities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

We immunized BALB/c mice with purified Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus isolate HY1 (CGMMV-HY1). Through the selection of positive clones that were grown on the HAT medium, four sensitive monoclonal clones (CG99-01, CG99-02, CG99-03, and CG99-04) were selected from 500 Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase positive hybridoma cells. Four sensitive clones of CGMMV-HYI were determined as IgM type of the subclass of mouse immunoglobulins Ig group. The titer of monoclonal antiserum against CGMMVHY1 was estimated 1:12,800 by the indirect ELISA. Although monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from CG99-01 and from CG99-04 cross-reacted with Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus, MAb from the cell line CG99-03 was highly specific to CGMMV. No MAbs cross-reacted with Cucumber mosaic virus-Fny. Only CG99-04 reacted with Pepper mild mottle virus weakly and CG99-02 reacted with both CGMMV and KGMMV. CGMMV was detected from the rind of watermelon fruit by DAS-ELISA of CGMMV-HY1, but not from the flesh of watermelon. Average seed transmission rate of CGMMV in watermelon was $24\%$ from symptomatic watermelon collected from 5 regions of Gyeongnam province. CGMMV was detected by DAS-ELISA with specific MAb of CGMMVHY1 periodically from root stock, during the sequential process for nursery seedling in Haman. Necrotic spots on cotyledons of root stock seedling progressed to reveal the typical symptomatology on the primary leaves of scion upon grafting. Here, we have established MAb based ELISA system, which could accurately detect CGMMV from watermelon seeds, nursery seedlings, transplants and field samples from greenhouse or open out door field as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

In this research, in order to more concretely define the concept of the previously vaguely defined fire road, the authors propose new terminology called disaster prevention routes. These are defined as predefined access routes for the quick response to disaster areas. For this, the authors suggest selection techniques for disaster prevention routes considering characteristics of fire trucks and selected areas. The paper also includes legally-based ideas for the executive departments with exclusive responsibility for continuous management and supervision of disaster response. In addition, a case study is performed with a virtual scenario including the outbreak of fire in one borough of Seoul. This case study shows that the damage can be decreased by prompt access of fire trucks. The establishment of predefined access routes to disaster areas can help to protect citizens with more rapid response by emergency crews. Indirect benefits also include reduced congestion of roads through the prohibition of parking and stopping on the chosen roads.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

Since the establishment of embryonic stem cell, pluripotency of the cells was known to allow differentiation of the cells into various cell types consisting whole body. Several protocols have been developed to induce expression of specific genes.. However, no precise protocol that will generate a single type of the cells from stem cells has been reported. In order to produce cells suitable for transplantion into brain of PD animal model, which arouse due to a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain, human embryonic stem cell (hESC, MB03) was transfected with cDNAs cording for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Successful transfection was confirmed by western immunoblotting. Newly transfected cell line (TH#2/MB03) was induced to differentiate by the two neurogenic factors retinoic acid (RA) and b-FGF. Exp. I) Upon differentiation using RA/ascorbic acid (AA), embryoid bodies (EB, for 4days) derived from hES cells were exposed to RA (10$^{-6}$ M)/AA (50 mM) for 4 days, and were allowed to differentiate in N2 medium for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Exp. II) When bFGF was used, neuronal precursor cells were selected for 8 days in N2 medium after EB formation. After selection, cells were expanded at the presence of bFGF (20 ng/ml) for another 6 days followed by a final differentiation in N2 medium for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. By indirect immunocytochemical studies, proportion of cells expressing NF200 increased rapidly from 20% at 7 days to 70 % at 28 days in RA/AA-treated group, while those cells expressing NF160 decreased from 80% at 7 days to 10% at 28 days upon differentiation in N2 medium. However, in differentiation by RA/AA treatment system, there was a significant increase in proportion of neuron maturity (73%) at day 14 after N2 medium. TH#2/MB03 cells expressing TH are >90% when matured at the absence of either bDNF or TGF-$\alpha$. These results suggested that TH#2/MB03 cells could be differentiated in vitro into mature neurons by RA/AA.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Perceived crowding is known as a necessary method to evaluate social carrying capacity in recreational settings. But according to the results of previous research, perceived crowding, use density, and satisfaction have shown weak and indirect correlations. The theory of visitors’ adjustment is one of several possible explanations for this poor relation. But the validity of the visitors’ adjustment theory has not been not inspected clearly. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to understand visitors’ adjustment theory and to examine visitors’ adjustment to the overuse of recreational settings. Study hypotheses were formulated through literature review and related to visitors’ adjustment in recreation density. Pour hypotheses were established and inspected with the case study, i.e., Rationalization : Visitors’ satisfaction isn't related to use density in recreation setting, 2) Product-shift : Preference norm is related to current use density, 3) Self-selection : Visitors’ satisfaction for the use level is generally high, and 4) Displacement : Norm interference is related to willingness to revisit. The case study was conducted during May and June,2001. According to the results of this survey, visitors adjust to overuse of recreation setting through rationalization and product shift (hypotheses l/2 acceptance). Current use density isn't related to visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit (see table 3). And visitors’ preference norm is modified by situation (see table 4). Visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit don't show a high correlation but moderately high (see table 5, hypothesis 3 acceptance). Differences between visitors’ preference norm and current use density is norm interference. Norm interference isn't related to willingness to revisit (see table 7). Therefore, the norm interference concept is not a useful method to explain visitors’ adjustment to the degree of overuse in a recreational setting (hypothesis 4 rejection). As for future directions, the following are proposed: 1) correctly understanding and reestablishing the visitor norm and norm interference concept, 2) introducing a composite research method to monitor visitors’ behavior and survey visitors’ attitudes and coping responses. These efforts would be helpful in the Planning and management of recreational settings to improve the quality of visitors’ experiences.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

Purpose Patients should have a regular medical check-up, the cost direct and indirect medical expenses to check the results, and revisit the hospital. Some of patients often want to use the telephone for a medical consultation, Method The subjects participating in this study were a selection 485 patients who received outpatient service in Asan Medical Center and Gangbuk Samsung Hospital. The patients's favorite method for medical check-up, time, cost, fatigue, and inconvenience, in regard with the revisit to check the examination results, were researched and analyzed on identical questionnaires about them. Results The average transportation, food expenses and opportunity costs the subjects spent was 90,400 for those from the Seoul and Gyunggi area, and 269,800 from other area. And the average required time per visit was 4.13 hours for those from the Seoul and Gyunggi area, 11.84 hours from other areas, and averagely 7.72 hours for all the subjects. More than 75% of the subjects answered that they felt tired and their work was interrupted. The subjects from both areas preferred the check by phone. Conclusion If the scope of telephone medical consultation is defined and the doctor-patient certification is possible, it can be thought as an efficient alternative of the medical check-up by revisit. It is necessary to discuss an appropriate amount of the medical check-up by phone which the same cost and effort can be allocated in.