• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.566-578
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to identify the dimensions of advertising evaluation and to examine the influence of advertising evaluation on advertising attitude and buying intension. Also this study categorized the advertising responses. Through the pretest, 15 casual wear brand＇s advertisements were selected and presented as stimuli. The data was collected from 377 female university students using questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple regression fer path analysis. The results of This study were as follows. First, 5 factors were identified for the dimensions of advertising evaluation: model/message/product/brand/tone ＆ manner. Second, through the path analysis, advertising evaluation had direct and indirect influences on buying intension. The influences of dimensions of advertising evaluation on buying intension were also examined: model, message and product had indirect influence on buying intension mediated by advertising attitude, whereas product and brand had direct influence on buying intension. Especially, product affected considerably on buying intension. Third, advertising responses were categorized into five dimensions: tone ＆ manner/model/message/product/brand.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

In the design of structure, the forces acting on tai structure are key parameter fur noise and vibration control. However, in the complex structure, the forces at the injection point on the structure cannot be measured directly. So, it is necessary to find out Indirect force evaluation method. In this paper, forces have been measured with In-situ vibration responses and system information. And, three existing techniques of indirect force measurement, vita. direct inverse. principal component analysis and regularization have been compared. This paper shows that multi-vibration responses are essential for talc precise estimation of the forces. To check these conditions, rotary compressor is adopted as test sample, because it is very difficult to measure the injection forces from internal excitation to shell. It alas also been obtained that relatively higher force is transmitted through three welding paths to the compressor shell. It shows a good agreement between direct and indirect force evaluation with curvature shell and plate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2019

This paper presents a machinability evaluation of Inconel 718 material when using a new uniform-temperature indirect cooling method that incorporates constant-pressure liquid nitrogen (LN2). The flank wear of a TiAlN coated tool used with this indirect cooling system was much lower than that of the tool used with dry machining under all machining conditions. Also, the surface roughness resulting from machining with this indirect method was far less than that of a dry machined surface after the same cutting time. Reduced heat generation and uniform temperature in turning operations play important roles in tool life and surface quality.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.285-297
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• 2019

Retail firms have begun to pursue the marketing strategies, which stimulate consumers' sensibility and lead people to purchase their products. The visible effects of visual merchandising (VM) arouse consumers' interest and play an effective role in having busy people efficiently choose products. Apparel retail stores such as SPA use the offline store to be the experiential environment of their branding. Consumers' sensitivity and response toward various visual merchandising strategies needs to be accessed. The purpose of this study is to identify VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors. Relationship of such variables with other variables were accessed. As consequence variables, product satisfaction and unplanned purchase behavior were included in the study. An empirical survey data was collected from men and women of various ages. Results indicated that VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors were not correlated with consumer demographic variables. VM evaluation attributes were factored into appropriateness, attractiveness and functionality dimensions. Clothing involvement and brand orientation significantly influenced product satisfaction and unplanned purchase. The direct and indirect effect (via VM consciousness) were significant. For unplanned purchase, brand orientation only had indirect effect. The influence of VM evaluation attribute factors were significant. Appropriateness had stronger effect on product satisfaction whereas attractiveness had stronger effect on unplanned behavior. Functionality dimension had only indirect effect on product satisfaction but did not show significant direct and indirect effects on unplanned purchase. This study identified the pivotal role of VM consciousness in various shopping and purchasing circumstances in offline retail store of apparel brands.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to development and measure validity and reliability of evaluation tool for clinical nursing practice competency of Nursing students. Method: The participants in this study were 568 nurses who had worked for more than three years above in hospitals. A questionnaire of 79 items was administered to the nurses using a convenience sampling method. The data were collected from Sep. 12th, to Oct. 20th, 2004. Result: The derived outcome tool consisted of 6 factors of direct nursing actions and 6 factors of indirect nursing actions on the basis of 79 items. The 6 factors in direct nursing actions accounted for 76.84% of the variance and 6 factors in indirect nursing actions accounted for 79.68% of the variance on total scale. As a result of the item analysis, 79 items were selected and the internal consistency alpha coefficient was .9917. The value of Cronbach' alpha of direct nursing actions was .9640, indirect nursing actions was .9550. Conclusion: The results of this study show that useful application to the evaluation tool of clinical practice competency of Nursing students and further studies need to be done to verify clinical practice educational evaluation.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.462-478
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• 2018

The presence of implant-prosthesis misfits can cause various complications. It is very important to detect misfits to prevent such complications. There are various evaluation methods for misfit assessment including clinical methods and laboratory in vitro methods. The clinical misfit evaluation includes radiographic analysis, visual observation, probing, Sheffield test, evaluation with disclosing materials, and screw resistance test. The laboratory in vitro evaluation method includes indirect modelling evaluation and direct metrological visualization. Of the indirect modelling methods, photoelastic stress analysis, finite element analysis, strain gauge analysis, and microbial colonization analysis were reviewed. Of the direct metrological visualization, microscopic analysis, 3-D photogrammetric analysis, coordinate measuring analysis, and radiographic analysis were reviewed. In this review, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

Research on additional indirect cost due to construction period extension in general contracts has continuously been active whereas the same for the subcontract operations has not been. In this research, we review previous research on evaluation methods for additional indirect costs which are widely being used on construction sites as well as previously proposed methods altogether, applying them to analyze model-cases for comparison. We acknowledge that this pattern for construction cost fluctuation over the construction period demonstrates an S-curve. This S-curve shaped indirect cost occurrence is then used to generate model-cases that are used throughout the research which models we applied previous evaluation methods on. Finally in pursuit of finding out some problems of evaluation methods, we came to derive a conclusion that the "Average Actual Cost Evaluation Method on Extended Duration," which, in turn, were proved to be valid for application on general contracts, was also valid for general application on subcontractor operations.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.504-512
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• 2003

The plastic strain ratios(R-values) of low carbon steel sheets were determined by the automatic strain measurement method using two extensometers, the indirect photo method for the same tensile specimen during tensile test and the indirect method for the specimen after tensile test. The experimental results showed that the measured plastic strain ratios from the automatic strain measurement method using two extensometers coincided with those from the indirect photo method and the indirect method for all tensile specimens. In addition, the strain dependence of plastic strain ratios could be continuously recorded and the anisotropy of the strength coefficient, K, and strain hardening exponent, n, could be automatically calculated in three directions by computer through the use of two extensometers. The experimental results showed that the strain dependence of R-value was related to the anisotropy of strain hardening exponent in low carbon steel sheets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.554-561
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted as a $3{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial design to examine the effects of particle size (mean particle size of 331, 640, or $862{\mu}m$), evaluation method (direct vs indirect method) and adaptation duration (7 or 26 days) on the energy content and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various chemical components in wheat when fed to finishing pigs. Methods: Forty-two barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) with an initial body weight of $63.0{\pm}0.8kg$ were individually placed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 diets with 6 pigs fed each diet. For the indirect method, the pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal based basal diet or diets in which 38.94% of the basal diet was substituted by wheat of the different particle sizes. In the direct method, the diets contained 97.34% wheat with the different particle sizes. For both the direct and indirect methods, the pigs were adapted to their diets for either 7 or 26 days. Results: A reduction in particle size linearly increased the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents as well as the ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, organic matter, ether extract (EE) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p<0.05), and had a trend to increase the ATTD of dry matter of wheat (p = 0.084). The DE, ME contents, and ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter and organic matter were higher (p<0.05) when determined by the direct method, but the ATTD of ADF, EE, and neutral detergent fiber were higher when determined by the indirect method (p<0.05). Prolongation of the adaption duration decreased the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.05) and had a trend to increase the ATTD of EE (p = 0.061). There were no interactions between particle size and the duration of the adaptation duration. The ATTD of EE in wheat was influenced by a trend of interaction between method and adaptation duration (p = 0.074). The ATTD of ADF and EE in wheat was influenced by an interaction between evaluation method and wheat particle size such that there were linear equations (p<0.01) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the direct method but quadratic equations (p = 0.073 and p = 0.088, respectively) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the indirect method. Conclusion: Decreasing particle size can improve the DE and ME contents of wheat; both of the direct and indirect methods of evaluation are suitable for evaluating the DE and ME contents of wheat with different particle sizes; and an adaptation duration of 7 d is sufficient to evaluate DE and ME contents of wheat in finishing pigs.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2023

Objective: Resistance exercise is a necessary element to improve quality of life, and measurement and evaluation of muscle strength provide important information for prescription and management of rehabilitation and exercise programs. This study analyzed the correlation between direct and indirect 1RM for isokinetic maximum torque of the knee joint in order to provide useful information in the field of exercise programs. In addition, the flexion-extension ratio and the difference in left-right deviation were verified. Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 healthy adult men and women without medical problems who participated in the health exercise class program at S University in Seoul. The correlation between isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM was analyzed, and a dependent t-test was performed to analyze the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Results: There was a high correlation between the isokinetic maximum torque and direct and indirect 1RM, and no statistically significant difference was shown between the test methods in the analysis of the flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Conclusions: Isokinetic muscle function measuring equipment is expensive, so it is difficult to use it in local exercise rehabilitation and training sites. Through this study, it was found that direct and indirect 1RM isokinetic maximum torque showed a high correlation, and there was no difference in evaluating muscle function such as flexion-extension ratio and left-right deviation. Therefore, it is considered that the muscle function evaluation using 1RM in general field can be usefully utilized.