• 국제지역연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-109
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• 2008

마케팅 경로 관리에 있어서 하이브리드 경로를 활용할 때는 경로 통제 잇점(직접경로)과 경로 관리의 유연성(간접경로)을 동시에 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 동시에 거래 당사자들의 다양한 이질적 기대치와 우선적 권리 확보 성향과 충돌할 수 있는 위험에 노출되게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구는 하이브리드 경로 관리의 비용과 편익에 대한 이해를 높이고자 시작된 것이며, 특히 패션의류시장에서 빈번히 활용되는 하이브리드 마케팅 경로, 당사자 간의 상호 지배문제, 상호 갈등문제 그리고 경로 관리 효율성을 높이고자 수행된 것이다. 이를 위해, 첫째, 기업간 지배 및 기업내 지배 문제를 통해 마케팅 경로 관리를 분석하고 나아가 판매원(샵마스터)관리 문제를 통합하여 분석하고자 한다. 둘째, 본 연구에 제시된 하나의 개별 틀 속에서 경로 지배관련 두 관점을 하나로 통합하여 추후 연구토대를 제시하고있다. 패션의류 메이커와 소매업자간의 경로 관계를 축으로 실증 조사된 결과, 본 연구에서 제시된 이론적 가설이 긍정적으로 뒷받침 되고 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 최근에 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있는 상황인지 무선시스템을 대상으로 하여, 직접 경로 및 간접 경로를 갖는 협동 다이버시티를 적용하였을 경우 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 그리고 릴레이-목적지 경로에서는 여러 개 의 릴레이 중 가장 큰 신호 대 잡음비를 갖는 릴레이만 송신하는 선택 릴레이 방식을 채택하였고, 이 릴레이를 선택하기 위하여 필수적으로 발생되는 채널 상태정보(CSI) 지연에 의한 시스템 성능의 열화를 포함한 식을 유도하였다. 분석결과 직접 경로로부터의 수신 전력이 간접경로 수신 전력의 1/10만 있어도 시스템의 성능이 4.4 dB 개선되므로 Rayleigh 페이딩 환경 하에서 협동 다이버시티의 적용이 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었고, 상황 인지 시스템의 주파수 획득 확률이 적을수록, 그리고 채널 지연이 클수록 시스템의 성능은 저하되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1997

Stomatal closing by ozone and water stress could reduce further ozone injury by inhibition of ozone influx to the tissue. Direct effect of ozone on stomata can be explained from two aspects which are a stimulation of stomatal closing and an inhibition of stomatal opening. An increase of $Ca^{2+}$ influx into cytoplasm by ozone could stimulate potassium efflux ion channel and inhibits inward potassium ion channels. By this mechanism ozone could induce stomatal closing. On the other hand, ozone could inhibit stomatal opening by affecting the activity of $H^{+}$ dependent ATPase of the membrane in guard cells. This would inhibit proton efflux which precede stomatal opening. It is also possible that ozone could reduce the activity of photosynthesis in guard cells which lead to affect the production of osmotically active sugars and energy. Indirect effect of ozone to stomata is through the effect of $CO_2$ elevation as a result of damage of the photozynthetic machinery. This indirect effect is slower than the direct effect.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2022

Nowadays, omnichannel is a new kind of e-commerce channel. Many retailers invest in this channel to maximize customers' benefits as well as increase competitive advantage and business performance. To operate this channel effectively, the role of IT competence is very important. With the flexibility and integration of IT competence in omnichannel, retailers can optimize service quality and bring customer benefits that are outstanding in comparison with the traditional channel. Because of this significance, this research was carried out to evaluate the effects of IT competence on the business performance of retailers in Vietnam's omnichannel environment through the mediating role of customer value creation and competitive advantage. A quantitative research method is used through a survey with 200 managers working in retail companies operating omnichannel in Vietnam. After collecting data, PLS-SEM software is used to analyze the relationship among these above factors in omnichannel. The results prove that there are positive effects of IT competence on other elements in the research model. All direct and indirect effects are valuable when bootstrapping. Based on the results, some managerial implications are given to managers of retail companies using omnichannel to improve customer values and increase competitive advantage and business performance in the Vietnam context.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the linkages among cross-channel integration capability (CCI), showrooming, webrooming, and customer value of retail enterprises. From the literature review, this research proposes the research model on the direct impact of showrooming and webrooming on customer value as well as the indirect impact of cross-channel integration capability on customer value which is mediated by both showrooming and webrooming of retail enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology: By conducting a survey of 304 consumers in the five biggest retailers in Hanoi-Vietnam from mid-September 2021 to the end of November 2021, the PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The research results reveal the favorable impact of (CCI) on improving showrooming and webrooming, and the important role of developing both showrooming and webrooming in bringing more value to the customer of retail enterprises. The findings also express that showrooming and webrooming acts mediating role in the favorable relationship between (CCI) and customer value of retailers. Conclusions: This research clarifies the positive impact of (CCI), showrooming, and webrooming on customer value. In addition, this study suggests practical implications for retail managers to provide more value for customers by enhancing (CCI) and developing both showrooming and webrooming.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2017

Network externality can be defined as the effect that one user of a good or service has on the value of that product to other people. When a network externality is present, the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of others using it. There exist asymmetries in network externalities between the online and traditional offline marketing channels. Technological capabilities such as interactivity and real-time communications enable the creation of virtual communities. These user communities generate significant direct as well as indirect network externalities by creating added value through user ratings, reviews and feedback, which contributes to eliminate consumers' concern for buying products without the experience of 'touch and feel'. The offline channel offers much less scope for such community building, and consequently, almost no possibility for the creation of network externality. In this study, we analyze the effect of network externality on the competition between online and conventional offline marketing channels using game theory. To do this, we first set up a two-period game model to represent the competition between online and offline marketing channels under network externalities. Numerical analysis of the Nash equilibrium solutions of the game showed that the pricing strategies of online and offline channels heavily depend not only on the strength of network externality but on the relative efficiency of online channel. When the relative efficiency of online channel is high, the online channel can greatly benefit by the network externality. On the other hand, if the relative efficiency of online channel is low, the online channel may not benefit at all by the network externality.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1787-1789
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• 2004

This paper deals with the lightning effects on aircraft. The effects are divided into two groups. The one is the direct effect due to the direct attachment of the lightning channel and/or conduction of lightning current. The other is the indirect effect like electrical transients induced by lightning in aircraft conductive components such as electric circuits. In this paper presents the analysis of lightning mechanism.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.141-159
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• 1999

The establishment of EDI system significantly transforms the relationship among channel members. This study investigates the relationship between buying and selling companies who use the EDI system. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the establishment of the EDI system has a positive effect on the task effectiveness, cost and competitiveness regardless of buying and selling companies. Second, the establishment of EDI system does not affects direct and indirect trust in both companies. Third, the effects of task effectiveness and cost are not related with the perceived or behavioral trust.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2009

The proliferation of the internet and electronic commerce has given the manufacturers the opportunity of direct marketing. This study analyzes the decision of manufacturers regarding whether to sell the products through independent sales company or to sell the products to the consumer directly. To do this, a new demand function is proposed and sub and super games are modeled and analyzed based on the demand function. By analyzing the Nash equilibria, it is shown that the manufacturers' decision of direct or indirect marketing not only depends on the competitiveness between the products but the absolute and relative marketing capabilities of the manufacturers. It is also shown that, in some cases, the manufactures have incentive to rise the competitiveness between the products to maximize the channel profit.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2001

Global climate change will alter many such properties of the Southern Ocean as temperature, circulation, stratification, and sea-ice extent. Such changes are likely to influence the species composition and activity of Antarctic marine microorganisms (protists and bacteria) which playa major role in deter-mining the concentration of atmospheric $CO_2$ and producing precursors of cloud condensation nuclei. Direct impacts of climate change on Antarctic marine microorganisms have been determined for very few species. Increasing water temperature would be expected to result in a southward spread of pelagic cyanobacteria, coccolithophorids and others. Growth rates of many species would be expected to increase slightly but nutrient limitation, especially micronutrients, is likely to result in a negligible increase in biomass. The extent of habitats would be reduced for those organisms presently living close to the upper limit of their thermal tolerance. Increased UVB irradiance is likely to favour the growth of those organisms tolerant of UVB and may change the trophic structure of marine communities. Indirect effects, especially those as a consequence of a diminution of the amount of sea-ice and increased upper ocean stratification, are predicted to lead to a change in species composition and impacts on both trophodynamics and vertical carbon flux.