• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a work of guards, using an ergonomic method(work analysis and posture analysis). Background: Most studies about guards were conducted in the field of medical, problems of shift, and the physical problems of old workers and social problems. But, guards consist of vulnerability group so it needs an ergonomic research in musculoskeletal disorders. Method: A head of an ergonomic estimation was work analysis(determination of combined task, work tool, work time and frequency of combined task) and posture analysis(upper body and lower body) of workers based on the video. Results: The result showed that combined task of guards was classification of patrolling, security, cleaning and waiting. The security indicated the highest ratio in the work time of combined tasks. The results of posture analysis for guards indicated high value in neutral. But, lower arm indicated high value in bending(left: 59%, right: 50%). Conclusion: The results of ergonomic methods indicated that guards' physical work load was not high during work, but comfortable work environment would be required for old guards. Application: If an ergonomic rule can be integrated into existing work environments, the risk of occupational injuries and stress will be reduced.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

Purpose - The aim of this article is to outline the concept of work engagement and the importance of job resources including supervisor support and coworker support pertaining to work engagement. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The article discusses the concept of work engagement and what empirical evidences suggest about its relationship with job resources including supervisor and coworker support. Result - Critical review of the literature has indicated towards strengths and pitfalls of social support resources including supervisor and coworker at work, particularly with regards to work engagement thus, requiring further empirical attention. Accordingly, the article has also indicated towards the critical significance of meaningful work for fostering employee well-being at work. Conclusions - The article has highlighted noteworthy empirical gaps in the body of knowledge concerning to job resources including supervisor support and coworker support and their relationship with work engagement. The article has also underlined the lack of research and potential of 'meaningful work' towards enhancing work engagement as well as, acting as a moderator between supervisor support, coworker support and work engagement relationship.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to opportunity of oral examination and positively utilizing the oral-health educational method of being preferred on the basis of the contents promote workers' oral health. Methods : This study carried out questionnaire research by self-administrated method, which was selected by convenience sampling method, from February 9th to March 6th, 2009 targeting 237 workers where are located in Gunsan city of Jeollabuk-do Province. Results : 1. Workers' interest and recognition of importance in oral health were high, and were low in subjective oral-health knowledge level, on the other hand. 2. Workers were indicated to be high in the response rate of work-site oral examination and, on the other hand, to be high in the dissatisfied rate at work-site oral examination. 3. As for work-site oral examination, the workers were indicated to positively recognize participation in work-site oral-health education along with high necessity. 4. Workers were indicated to prefer the most a method of lecture such as dentist along with contents in prevention and curing method of periodontal disease. Conclusions : An efficient result is thought to be probably obtained given offering an opportunity of oral examination and positively utilizing the oral-health educational method of being preferred on the basis of the contents with the highest preference, in order to promote workers' oral health.

• 육아정책연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2018

본 연구는 유치원 교사의 하루 업무수행의 경향성을 분석하고, 업무시간 운영의 실제와 효율성에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위해 공사립유치원 교사 273명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 유치원 교사들은 단위시간(30분)별로 평균 1.41개의 업무를 수행하였으며, 업무 내용에 있어 공립과 사립 간에 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 수업준비시간이 부족한 이유로 공립 교사들은 행정업무가 많아서, 사립 교사들은 행사나 공동 업무가 우선시 되어서를 꼽았고, 수업 외 업무에서 많은 시간을 소비하여 인력지원이 필요한 업무로 공립 교사들은 사무관련 업무, 사립 교사들은 행사관련 업무를 꼽아 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 업무시간의 효율적 운영과 관련해서는 공립과 사립 모두 업무량 과다를 매우 심각하게 보았고, 더불어 공립은 보조인력 부족, 사립은 행사관련 업무 과다 및 관리자의 리더십을 문제시 하였다. 이러한 결과는 유치원 교사의 업무량 적정화, 수업준비시간의 확보 및 업무 효율화, 기관유형에 맞는 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2010

Fire service personnel and ambulance paramedics suffer musculoskeletal disorders as they lift and carry patients while performing Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The objective of the current study was performed to examine the association between working environment and musculoskeletal disorders of 119 paramedics and to analysis the EMS activities for them through basic survey (including task characteristics, risk factors, symptoms and illnesses). Observational job analysis of EMS activities indicated the squatting posture during first-aid performed on floor and the abrupt use of force during carrying heavy load including stretcher with patients on as hazard factors, and excessive low back twisting and bending during stairway transfer was observed. In addition, work-physiological assessment revealed various but rather high lumbar muscle usage rate among the study subjects, being 14.6~32.8% compared with Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) during patients transfer work. Resting heart rate showed 65/min, on the other hand, heart rate on mobilization indicated maximum 124~156/min. Therefore, the results of analysis to the EMS activities, rescuer activities and medical tasks were accompanied with high possibility of accident and musculoskeletal disorders. Also, EMS activities indicated high muscle fatigue and energy consumption, and accumulated muscle fatigue with during continued work.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.193-239
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• 2013

A photograph, which was applied to contemporary art, plays a very important role in the whole of the multiplied and diversified contemporary arts today. The application of photos, which were shown in contemporary art following the 1950s, can be classified into five types according to role and function of a photo in the process of developing a work. However, this classification is shown a little ambiguously. That is because photos of being utilized by artists are indicated very diversely depending on their artistic strategy and situation. As the first type, a few painters utilize a photo as mirror of reality in order to materialize a challenging and revolutionary idea with going against traditional picture in their pictorial practice. As the second classification, especially American painters utilize a photo as material component of forming their picture like photo-montage or collage. The combined application of this medium is first doing genre de-construction and hybridization of post-modernism in the 1980s while ultimately aiming at social criticism or political satire. The third type implies particularly a case that avant-garde artists utilize a photo as evidence of a work. In this case, a photo is employed as evidence of a work, which disappears in the temporal space essentially like body art, land art, and performance. Also, as the fourth type is a case of utilizing a photo for artistic concept of a work, not pictorial practice of picture, it is utilized often as important artistic strategy of conceptual artists. The final type of utilizing photo is a case of applying photo as formative tool on behalf of dye-stuffs or crayon in order to record a section of reality, which always continues regardless of event or meaning any more, in the traditional picture. In this case, a work is indicated as a photo of having a form of picture, namely, as Forme-tableau. The main subject is indicated there as a daily case of being repeated always the extremely common and revived theme.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a work of building cleaners using the ergonomic methods. Background: Previous studies about cleaning worker describe typical physical demands of this work. They found that the most significant risk factors associated with the physical work of cleaners are static loads and repetitive movements and high output of force. Method: A head of ergonomics estimation was work analysis(define of combined task, work tool, work time and frequency of combined task) and posture analysis of worker. Results: The results showed that combined task of building cleaners was classification sweeping, mopping(wet), mopping(oil), moving barrels/carts, dumping trash bags, scrubbing, arrangement of cleaning tool, arrangement of circumferential, moving of cleaning tool, and waiting. The work time of combined task such as mopping(wet) and scrubbing indicated high ratio. The posture analysis of building cleaners indicated high value in bending of the head, lower arm, and hands. Conclusion: The findings appear to indicate that building cleaner were related to high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. So, building cleaner would be required an interventional strategy, improvement of cleaning tools and working environment. Application: If ergonomics rule can be integrated into existing cleaning tools and work environments, the risk of occupational injuries will be reduced.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Cyclic variability limits the range of operating conditions of spark ignition engines, especially under lean and highly diluted operation conditions. The cyclic combustion variations can be characterized by pressure parameters, combustion related parameters, and flame-front related parameters. The coefficient of variation (COV) in indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) defines the cyclic variability in indicated work per cycle.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.452-460
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• 2013

This study conducted a performance evaluation of protective clothing materials used for welding in a hazardous shipbuilding industry work environment. The welding process was selected as the one that most requires industrial protective clothing according to work environment characteristics. Flame proofing and convection heat protection performance (HTI) in the heat transfer characteristics of protective clothing material were indicated in the order of SW1(Oxidant carbon)>SW2(silica coated Oxidant carbon)>SW4(Oxidant carbon/p-aramid)>SW3(flame proofing cotton). However, radiant heat protection performance (RHTI) and the heat transfer factor (TF) were indicated in the order of SW1>SW4>SW2>SW3 and showed different patterns from the convection heat protection performance. SW1 showed superior air permeability and water vapor permeability. The tensile strength and tear strength of welding protective clothing material were indicated in the order of SW4>SW2>SW3>SW1 and showed that a blend fabric of p-aramid was the most superior for the mechanical properties of SW4. SW1 had excellent heat transfer properties in yet met the minimum performance requirements of tensile strength proved to be inappropriate as being a material for welding protective clothing. The abrasion resistance of woven fabric proved superior compared to nonwoven fabric; however, seam strength and dimensional change both met the minimum performance requirements and indicated that all samples appeared non-hazardous. Finally, oxidant carbon/p-aramid blend fabric appeared appropriate as a protective clothing materials for welding.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2011

To predict contaminant concentrations within a multi-zone work environment, an air quality model in the work environment was developed. To do this, airflow equations on the basis of orifice equation were solved by using the Conte and De Boor scheme, and then equations for the conservation of mass on contaminant were solved by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. To validate the accuracy of simulated results, this model was applied to the controlled environment chamber that had been tested in 1998 by Chung KC. The comparison of predicted concentrations by this study with measured concentrations by the Chung KC indicated that the average deviations were 2.66, 3.35, and 3.15% for zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3, respectively. Also, this model was applied to a working plant with four zones. Thus, the results of contaminant concentration versus time were predicted according to the schedule of the openings operation, and case studies were done for four cases of the openings operation to investigate the interaction of airflow and contaminant concentration. The results indicated that opening operation schedules had a significant effect on contaminant removal efficiency. Therefore, this model might be able to apply for the design of ventilation schedules to control contaminants optimally.