• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.94-99
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• 1999

It is the hybrid structure of HMM and neural network(NN) that shows high recognition rate in speech recognition algorithms. And it is a method which has majorities of statistical model and neural network model respectively. In this study, we propose a new style of the hybrid structure of semi-continuous HMM(SCHMM) and radial basis function(RBF), which re-estimates weighting coefficients probability affecting observation probability after Baum-Welch estimation. The proposed method takes account of the similarity of basis Auction of RBF's hidden layer and SCHMM's probability density functions so as to discriminate speech signals sensibly through the learned and estimated weighting coefficients of RBF. As simulation results show that the recognition rates of the hybrid structure SCHMM/RBF are higher than those of SCHMM in unlearned speakers' recognition experiment, the proposed method has been proved to be one which has more sensible property in recognition than SCHMM.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze sexual permissiveness in order to solve the problems it creates for setting up desirable sexual culture. Methods: This study used Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis. Results: Sexual permissiveness is the favorable attitude that is agreed upon and accepted as physiological, socio-cultural, and moral sexuality of an independent human who was born in man or woman. The property of sexual permissiveness that is accepted overall the humans are sex generously, change over the course of growth. sex consciousness, and attitudes toward sexual activity change based on race, age and religion etc. The values and beliefs of individuals that were formed in social and cultural background are bipolar. It is mutually agreed upon and accepted that volunarary activities should be spontaneous. The antecedents of sexual permissiveness included achievement of sexual development, establishment of the relationship, and mutual agreement between them. The consequences included mature relationship with others, meeting sexual needs, and raising sexual problems. Conclusions: These results suggest further studies are required that refine the diverse attributes of the concept of sexual permissiveness. The sexual education and enlightenment should be conducted at the period of secondary sex character.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2012

The autoignition temperature is one of the most important physical properties used to determine the flammability characteristics of chemical substances. Despite the needs of the experimental autoignition temperature data for the design of chemical plants, it is not easy to get the data. This study have built and compared partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) models to predict the autoignition temperatures of 503 organic compounds out of DIPPR 801. As the independent variables of the models, 59 functional groups were chosen based on the group contribution method. The prediction errors calculated from cross-validation were employed to determine the optimal parameters of two models. And, particle swarm optimization was used to get three parameters of SVM model. The PLS and SVM results of the average absolute errors for the whole data range from 58.59K and 29.11K, respectively, indicating that the predictive ability of the SVM is much superior than PLS.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

Kinetic studies of L-Alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis-catalyzed reactions in the presence of $Zn^{2+}$ were carried out. The substrate (L-alanine) saturation curve is hyperbolic in the absence of the metal ion but it becomes sigmoidal when $Zn^{2+}$ is added to the reaction mixture indicating the positive cooperative binding of the substrate in the presence of zinc ion. The cooperativity of substrate binding depends on the xinc ion concentration: the Hill coefficients ($n_H$) varied from 1.0 to 1.95 when the zinc ion concentration varied from 0 to $60\;{\mu}m$. The inhibition of AlaDH by $Zn^{2+}$ is reversible and noncompetitive with respect to $NAD^+$ ($K_i\;=\;5.28{\times}10^{-5}\;M$). $Zn^{2+}$ itself binds to AlaDH with positive cooperativity and the cooperativity is independent of substrate concentration. The Hill coefficients of substrate biding in the presence of $Zn^{2+}$ are not affected by the enzyme concentration indicating that $Zn^{2+}$ binding does not change the polymerization-depolymerization equilibria of the enzyme. Among other metal ions, $Zn^{2+}$ appears to be a specific reversible inhibitor inducing conformational change through the intersubunit interaction. These results indicate that $Zn^{2+}$ is an allosteric competitive inhibitor and substrate being a non-cooperative per se, excludes the $Zn^{2+}$ from its binding site and thus exhibits positive cooperativity. The allosteric mechanism of AlaDh from Bacillus subtilis is consistent with both MWC and Koshland's allosteric model.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

This paper proposes the method to generate new test data using the sample shift of the start frame for SPRT(sequential probability ratio test) in speaker verification. The SPRT method is a effective algorithm that can reduce the test computational complexity. However, in making the decision procedure, SPRT can be executed on the assumption that the input samples are usually to be i.i.d. (Independent and Identically Distributed) samples from a probability density function (pdf), also it's not suitable method to apply for the short utterance. The proposed method can achieve SPRT regardless of the utterance length of the test data because it is method to generate the new test data through the sample shift of start frame. Also, the correlation property of data to be considered in the SPRT method can be effectively removed by employing the principal component analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method increased the computational complexity of data for sample shift a little, but it has a good performance result more than a conventional method above the average 0.7% in EER (equal error rate).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.548-554
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• 1985

This research is to find a means of reducing diesel engine combustion noise with none or minimum sacrifice of engine performance by investigating the influence of Cylinder Pressure Level(CPL). For this purpose, modified Wiebe's combustion function, considering the heat release curve as a combustion of both premixed and diffusive combustion portion, was exclusively used to obtain the indicator diagram and computer coeds were developed for the numerical analysis. Following are the results of this research. (1) CPL increases almostly with lag of ignition timing increasing .alpha. and decreasing. theta.$_{d}$, but at the crank angle with the maximal efficiency, CPL is independent of .alpha. and .theta.$_{d}$ with constant value of 200 dB especially at the low frequency. (2) For the constant ignition timing, the effects of .alpha. and .theta.$_{d}$ on CPL were the most significant at the frequency of about 1KHz and 300Hz respectively. (3) For the constant value of .alpha. and .theta.$_{d}$, CPL increases linearly with load but thermal efficiency increase very rapidly with maximum value of load Q$_{T}$=30-40 MJ/Kmol, then starts to decrease slowly. (4) The most effective way of reducing combustion noise without sacrificing thermal efficiency, is to decrease .alpha.. In the case of constant .alpha., there always exists a optimum value of .theta.$_{d}$ with respect to the various compression ratio.o..atio.o..

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.812-818
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to investigate the fabrication processes on the microstructual changes and mechanical properties of large 7175 aluminum die forgings. The billets range from 370 to 720 mm in diameter were homogenized and hot forged after direct chill casting. The strength and elongation of the homogenized cast billets were revealed nearly same level independent of the billet diameter. However, these properties of ø370 mm cast billet were superior to those of $\Pie720$ mm billet under$ T_{6}$ / condition. The tensile strength of die forged specimens under $T_{6}$ condition increased up to 20% than that of solution treatment, however, the elongation was reduced to 50%. The fracture toughness of die forged specimens under $T_{6}$ condition was 35.6∼39.0 MPa$.$$m^{1}$2 irrespective of the billet size and free forging processes, but this property increased up to 10% by$V_{74}$ treatment. The fracture toughness of die forged specimen manufactured with ø370 mm cast billet showed nearly same level of ø720 mm billet which was processed using MF or Cog free forging followed by die forging.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.702-711
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• 2000

This paper proposes a methodology for effectively analyzing a lot of design information written from various design viewpoints in an integrated s/w development environment. It provides a way of extracting the inherent role of the design contents, as well as easily accessing and understanding the other related ones on the web. For this aim, it defines a series of methods 1) to correctly capture relationships between the contents and the other related ones, 2) to translate them into a web object equipped with hypertext links corresponding the relationships, and to navigate all the related contents with the links. The suggested methodology have three advantages. First, it supplies ways to analyze new design contents invented from different points of view. Second, it can help user to easily access the related contents using hypertext links over WWW. Third, it provides an environment capable of effectively sharing and accessing design contents distributed on remote sites, thanks to the platform-independent property of the web.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.306-316
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• 2010

The purpose of study is to promote the development of contents industry by analysing the causal relationship between R&D collaboration and firms' performance. In study, we use the number of intellectual property and total sales as proxy variables of performance. we use the degrees of collaboration experience, firms' interaction and degree of collaboration as proxy variables of independent variables. The results of study are as follows. First, collaboration experience and firms' interaction are positively influence on technological performance. Second, collaboration experience is positively correlated to economic performance. Finally, firms' R&D collaboration revealed higher performance than R&D collaboration of firm and R&D institution This study emphases on the importances of R&D collaboration for developing new technology and improving economic performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2009

Vibrio parahaemolyticus possessing urease-positive property is relatively rare, but such strains consistently exhibit the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) gene. In this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity expression, using the TH3996 and AQ4673 strains where the enzyme activity is known to be temperature-dependent and -independent, respectively. In the TH3996 strain, $\beta$-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after $30^{\circ}C$ cultivation than after $37^{\circ}C$ in a ureR-lacZ fusion strain, but temperature dependency was not found in ureD- or nikA-lacZ fusion strains. However, ureR-, ureD-, and nikA-lacZ fusions of the AQ4673 strain was not influenced by incubation temperature. We compared the promoter sequences of ureR between the above two strains. Intriguingly, we detected mismatches of two nucleotides between the two strains located at positions -66 and -108 upstream of the methionine initiation codon for UreR. Additionally, urease activity was not affected by culture temperature at either $30^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ by allelic introduction of the AQ4673 ureR gene into the TH3996 ureR deletion mutant. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the transcriptional factor UreR is involved in the temperature dependency of urease activity, and two nucleotides within the ureR promoter region are of particular importance for the urease activity dependency of V. parahaemolyticus.