• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

We propose to use independent component analysis (ICA) and deep neural network (DNN) to detect music sections in broadcast drama contents. Drama contents mainly comprise silence, noise, speech, music, and mixed (speech+music) sections. The silence section is detected by signal activity detection. To detect the music section, we train noise, speech, music, and mixed models with DNN. In computer experiments, we used the MUSAN corpus for training the acoustic model, and conducted an experiment using 3 hours' worth of Korean drama contents. As the mixed section includes music signals, it was regarded as a music section. The segmentation error rate (SER) of music section detection was observed to be 19.0%. In addition, when stereo mixed signals were separated into music signals using ICA, the SER was reduced to 11.8%.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 2000년부터 2012년까지 청소년을 대상으로 한 그룹 음악치료 관련 연구를 대상으로 음악치료의 효과를 알아보기 위해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상 논문은 석 박사 학위논문과 학술지 논문 총 27편으로 연구대상, 독립변인, 종속변인 그리고 치료회기 등으로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 27편으로부터 총 49개의 효과크기가 도출되었다. 그 크기는 -0.14로 약한 정도의 크기이며 연구자 배경에 따라서는 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 대상은 일반청소년, 비행/부적응 청소년, 중독 청소년, 시설거주 청소년 등으로 구분하였는데 일반청소년을 대상으로 하는 효과크기가 가장 컸으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 또한 표본수는 31 이상인 경우 효과크기가 가장 컸지만 통계적으로 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 독립변인에 대해서는 수용적, 적극적, 수용적+적극적 방법사이의 효과크기를 분석한 결과 수용적+적극적 방법을 적용한 경우 효과크기가 가장 컸지만 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 마지막으로 종속변인에 따라서는 정서, 사회성, 인지, 행동 영역으로 구분하였는데 행동영역에서의 효과크기가 가장 컸으며 치료횟수는 1~15 이하인 경우 가장 효과크기가 컸다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2008

Recently, causality analysis of source time series extracted from EEG or MEG signals is becoming of great importance in human brain mapping studies and noninvasive diagnosis of various brain diseases. Two approaches have been widely used for the analyses: one is independent component analysis (ICA), and the other is multiple signal classification (MUSIC). To the best of our knowledge, however, any comparison studies to reveal the difference of the two approaches have not been reported. In the present study, we compared the performance of the two different techniques, ICA and MUSIC, especially focusing on how accurately they can estimate and separate various brain electrical signals such as linear, nonlinear, and chaotic signals without a priori knowledge. Results of the realistic simulation studies, adopting directed transfer function (DTF) and Granger causality (GC) as measures of the accurate extraction of source time series, demonstrated that the MUSIC-based approach is more reliable than the ICA-based approach.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

In this paper, in order to protect music copyrights, we propose a music identification system which is scalable to the number of pieces of registered music and robust to signal-level variations of registered music. For its implementation, we define the new concepts of 'music word' and 'music phoneme' as recognition units to construct 'music acoustic models'. Then, with these concepts, we apply the HMM-based framework used in continuous speech recognition to identify the music. Each music file is transformed to a sequence of 39-dimensional vectors. This sequence of vectors is represented as ordered states with Gaussian mixtures. These ordered states are trained using Baum-Welch re-estimation method. Music files with a suspicious copyright are also transformed to a sequence of vectors. Then, the most probable music file is identified using Viterbi algorithm through the music identification network. We implemented a music identification system for 1,000 MP3 music files and tested this system with variations in terms of MP3 bit rate and music speed rate. Our proposed music identification system demonstrates robust performance to signal variations. In addition, scalability of this system is independent of the number of registered music files, since our system is based on HMM method.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.27-45
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a music making program that utilizes the characteristics of the picture books medium through the ADDIE model so that teachers can easily apply it to children, and to determine whether it affects children's musical aptitude and music creativity. Methods: The Participants of the study were 42 five-year-old children attending a daycare in Seoul, of which 20 were in the experimental group and 22 in the comparative group. The experimental group participated in a music production program using picture books, and during the same period, the comparison group participated in music activities suggested by the Nuri Course. Using the SPSS 22.0 program, average, standard deviation, independent sampling t-test, and ANCOVA(Analysis of Covariance) were calculated. Results: The music making program using picture books improved children's rhythm and tone which are the sub-items of music aptitude. The music making program enhanced children's music flexibility, music creativity, music logic which are the sub-items of music creativity. Conclusion/Implications: The music making program presented systemic teaching-learning method with which teachers explained the modeling and practiced from simple activities to various activities repeatedly in order to make teachers approach music making more easily. It is recommendable to make the music making program by using I-pad and computers.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2015

Recently, many internet users are using mobile music service. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of system quality factors and relation quality factors on continuance intention in the context of mobile music service. In order to analyze the antecedents of continuance intention, we introduced independent variables such as ease of use, stability, trust, involvement and unity. We also consider customer value and customer satisfaction as mediators. For empirical analysis, we surveyed 240 users of mobile music service. We conduct PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis for SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). As a result, 8 of proposed 12 hypotheses were accepted. Especially, system quality, trust and unity show positive influence on customer satisfaction significantly. Involvement and unity are positively related to customer value. Customer value and customer satisfaction show positive influence on continuance intention significantly. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for mobile music service users and providers.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Assuming that not all background music in advertising function as effective retrieval cues for the advertised messages, this study proposes that we should be able to distinguish the retrieval cue effect of music from the simple ad exposure effect. This study tries to identify which specific characteristics of music are related to the retrieval cue effect. Our experiment focuses on congruency and familiarity of music as key characteristics of music which affect the effectiveness of the music's role as a retrieval cue for the advertised messages. We used four groups of subjects to test the retrieval cue effect of the background music. Each group was exposed to one of the four different types of background music and was again sub-divided into an experimental and a control group (i.e., a total of eight independent sub-groups were included in the experiment.) The first two sub-groups were exposed to the experimental advertisement with the background music of high congruency and high familiarity. After the ad exposure, the background music was provided as a retrieval cue to only one of the two sub-groups. Comparison of the memory performance between the two sub-groups will reveal the net retrieval cue effect of the music of high congruency and high familiarity. Similarly, another two sub-groups watched the same ad but with the background music of high congruency and low familiarity. Also the same ad but with the music of low congruency/ high familiarity was shown to another two sub-groups and that of low congruency and low familiarity music was to another two. Among the two sub-groups with the same music, only one group had the music cue at the memory tasks. One hundred and seventy four undergraduate students at the college of one of authors in Asia participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 24 with a median of 20. The sample was composed of 51.7 percent male subjects. They were randomly assigned to each of the eight sub-group. The results show that the music highly congruent with the advertised message facilitates the message retrieval, while the low congruency music cue does not. It was also found that the low familiarity music cue improves memory performance only when the music is perceived as congruent with the advertised message. From a theoretical and practical perspective, this study provides boundary conditions for effective retrieval and suggests that the congruent music specifically created for the ad is a more effective retrieval cue than other types of music cues.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2016

영상에서 음악의 역할은 영상의 내러티브를 표현하는 보조적인 기능 또는 음악의 주체가 되어 영상을 주도하는 독립적인 기능으로 구분할 수 있다. 소리를 청각으로 감지하여, 이를 시각화하는 작업을 비쥬얼 뮤직이라고 한다. 19세기 이후 예술가들에 의해 색청(色聽)을 통한 음악의 이미지 동기화 시도는 작품을 통해 끊임없이 이루어져 왔다. 또한 20세기 들어 영화의 발전으로 많은 예술가들은 3차원적인 표현의 한계에서 벗어나 움직임의 시간적 개념을 시도할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 과정 속에서 실험정신이 강한 예술가들은 소리와 영상의 상관관계를 추론하여 비쥬얼 뮤직이라는 새로운 장르를 개척했다. 그 결과 과거 듣는 음악의 시대에서 현재 보는 음악의 시대로 바뀌고 있으며, 음악과 영상의 실험적인 시도로 다양한 작품들이 제작되고 있다. 본 논문은 현대의 비쥬얼 뮤직의 미학적 특징을 살펴본 후, 색을 활용한 비쥬얼 뮤직이 영화, 애니메이션, 뮤직비디오, 미디어 아트 등 다양한 분야에서 어떻게 활용되고 있는지를 비교, 분석하고자 한다.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.277-292
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• 2015

TV홈쇼핑 시장은 최근 성숙기에 접어들며 동종업체간 경쟁이 더욱 치열해지고 있는 상황이다. 소비자의 구매를 이끌어 내는 전략으로 본 연구에서는 배경음악의 장르와 템포에 따른 소비자의 구매의사를 상품 유형 별로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 위해 TV홈쇼핑과 배경음악에 대한 문헌연구를 진행하였고, 상품 유형 별로 실제 TV홈쇼핑 방송사에서 선곡하고 있는 배경음악의 장르와 템포를 파악하였다. 마지막으로 설문조사를 통해 스포츠웨어, 생활가전, 신선/가공식품 세 가지 상품 유형 별로 구매의사가 높은 배경음악의 장르와 템포를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 TV홈쇼핑 분야에서 배경음악과 관련한 연구가 미진한 상황에서 홈쇼핑 배경음악이 소비자 구매의사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 상품의 유형과 음악의 변수(장르, 템포)를 세분화하여 구매의사를 고찰하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2013

PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between personality, music type and MVIC, power for the knee extensor on inducing muscle fatigue. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 22 healthy students. MVIC(Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction) and power in knee extension was measured by PRIMUS RS. Personality types was measured by MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) that is an instrument designed to provide descriptive profiles of personality types and preferences. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, MANOVA and Pearson-test. RESULTS: There was no significant differences both MVIC and power of the knee extensor according to personality and music type. The power was significantly increased by increasing the MVIC during a knee extension on inducing muscle fatigue without music type(r= .786~.896). There was no significant correlation both MVIC and power of the knee extensor according to personality. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between power and MVIC during a knee extension on inducing muscle fatigue without music type. There was no significant correlation both MVIC and power of the knee extensor according to personality.