• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

In this paper voice quality of normal speech is qualitatively classified by five components of breathy, creaky, rough, nasal, and thin/thick voice. To determine whether a correlation exists between a subjective measure of voice and an objective measure of voice, each voice is perceptually evaluated using the 1/2/3 scale by speech processing specialists and acoustically analyzed using speech analysis tools such as the Praat, MDVP, and VoiceSauce. The speech parameters include features related to speech source and vocal tract filter. Statistical analysis uses a two-independent-samples non-parametric test. Experimental results show that statistical analysis identified a significant correlation between the speech feature parameters and the components of voice quality.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1353-1368
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• 2015

A finite element model is presented for the analysis of composite steel-concrete beams based on a refined high-order theory. The employed theory satisfies all the kinematic and stress continuity conditions at the layer interfaces and considers effects of the transverse normal stress and transverse flexibility. The global displacement components, described by polynomial or combinations of polynomial and exponential expressions, are superposed on local ones chosen based on the layerwise or discrete-layer concepts. The present finite model does not need the incorporating any shear correction factor. Moreover, in the present $C^1$-continuous finite element model, the number of unknowns is independent of the number of layers. The proposed finite element model is validated by comparing the present results with those obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. In addition to correctly predicting the distribution of all stress components of the composite steel-concrete beams, the proposed finite element model is computationally economic.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

Coherence can be used to evaluate the functional cortical connections between the motor cortex and muscle. This study is to find coherence between EEG (electroencephalogram) and EMG (electromyogram) evoked by movement of a hand. Seven healthy participants were asked to perform thirty repetitive movement of right hand for ten seconds with rest for ten seconds. Specific feature of EEG components has been extracted by ICA (independent component analysis) and coherence between EEG and EMG was analyzed from data measured EEG in five local areas around central part of head and EMG in flexer carpri radialis muscle during grabbing movement. Coherence between EEG and EMG was successfully obtained at 0.025 confidence limit during hand movement and showed significant difference between rest and movement at 13-18Hz.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2001

For a dynamic analysis of a constrained multibody system, it is necessary to have a routine for satisfying kinematic constraints. LU decomposition scheme, which is used to divide coordinates into dependent and independent coordinates, is efficient but has great difficulty near the singular configuration. Other method such as the projection matrix, which is more stable near a singular configuration, takes longer simulation time due to the large amount of calculation for decomposition. In this paper, the row space and the null space of the Jacobian matrix are proposed by using the pseudo-inverse method and the projection matrix. The equations of the motion of a system are replaced with independent acceleration components using the null space of the Jacobian matrix. Also a new hybrid method is proposed, combining the LU decomposition and the projection matrix. The proposed hybrid method has following advantages. (1) The simulation efficiency is preserved by the LU method during the simulation. (2) The accuracy of the solution is also achieved by the projection method near the singular configuration.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

We propose a new algorithm for blind source separation (BSS), in which frequency-domain independent component analysis (FDICA) and time-domain ICA (TDICA) are combined to achieve a superior source-separation performance under reverberant conditions. Generally speaking, conventional TDICA fails to separate source signals under heavily reverberant conditions because of the low convergence in the iterative learning of the inverse of the mixing system. On the other hand, the separation performance of conventional FDICA also degrades significantly because the independence assumption of narrow-band signals collapses when the number of subbands increases. In the proposed method, the separated signals of FDICA are regarded as the input signals for TDICA, and we can remove the residual crosstalk components of FDICA by using TDICA. The experimental results obtained under the reverberant condition reveal that the separation performance of the proposed method is superior to that of conventional ICA-based BSS methods.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2004

This study considers a linear connected-(r,s)-out-of-(m,n):F lattice system whose components are ordered like the elements of a linear (m,n )-matrix. We assume that all components are in the state 1 (operating) or 0 (failed) and identical and s-independent. The system fails whenever at least one connected (r,s)-submatrix of failed components occurs. The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization scheme that aims at minimizing the expected cost per unit time. To find the optimal threshold of maintenance intervention, we use a genetic algorithm for the cost optimization procedure. The expected cost per unit time is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The sensitivity analysis to the different cost parameters has also been made.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.625-637
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• 2015

It is usual in design and assessment of structures to isolate the effects of vertical and horizontal excitations by ignoring their coupling effects. In this situation, total structural response is obtained by employing the well-known combination rules whereby independent assumed response components of earthquakes are combined. In fact, the effects of the simultaneity of the ground motion components are ignored. In this paper, the effect of vertical excitation on horizontal response of structures, the coupling of vertical and horizontal responses, has been evaluated. A computer program is prepared to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis based on the derived governing equations of coupled motions. In the case of simultaneous excitation the results show significant increases in spectral displacement in some periods of vibration in comparison to only horizontally excited systems. Moreover, whenever ratio of the vertical peak ground acceleration to horizontal one become larger, the significant increase in horizontal spectral displacements are observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the components of physical therapy interventions to enhance postural control and mobility in children with spastic diplegia. METHODS: Thirsty-eight physical therapists working in rehabilitation settings volunteered to record the components of physical therapy interventions used during 894 treatment sessions for 179 children with spastic diplegia presenting with difficulties in postural control and mobility. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of the therapists, the patients, and the frequency of the interventions. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square test were used to describe the components of the interventions and the goals of treatment. RESULTS: In clinical practice, physical therapists primarily used methods including "Hands-on: facilitation" (n=1990, 36.47%) and "Hands-off: practice" (n=1355, 24.83 %). Only 13.96% (n=762) of the interventions allowed patients to be independent or active outside of the treatment sessions. Interventions reflecting the therapeutic aims were performed for sitting (17.53%), standing (18.25%), and walking (27.39%). CONCLUSION: Physical therapists mostly used "therapistled" interventions to treat impaired postural control and mobility in children with spastic diplegia. Interventions to facilitate independent activity or practice outside the treatment sessions are infrequently used. These types of interventions were used regardless of the aims of treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.195-203
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to provide framework for understanding women's preventive dental utilization. In this paper Andersen-Newman's model is applied to the use of dental visits. This model consists of predisposing, enabling, and need components that describe a person's decision to use preventive health services. The sample consisted of 1907 women living Iksan city. Models are operationalized using stepwise multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The number of independent variables used in the analysis was 27 in total, i.e. 20 predisposing components, 6 enabling components, and 1 need component. Preventive dental utilization was measured based on the number of visits. The data collected by means of a questionnaire survey. In this study, the amount of variance by the model was 11 percent. Number of restricted activity days caused by oral disease, perceived threat of dental disease, having a regular dental care, and income were found to have significant major effects on preventive dental utilization of women. Number of restricted activity days caused by oral disease was the most important variable affecting preventive dental utilization of women.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.319-338
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop the components of Korean creativity and to examine differences between responses of Korean and US students. Seven experts were interviewed to establish components of Korean creativity. College students in Korea (1,210) and college students in the US (514) responded to the questionnaire. Analysis was by principal component analysis, independent sample t-test, and qualitative analysis. Results were: (1) five factors of Korean creativity consisted of elaboration, redirection, novelty, understanding-the-new-by-exploring-the-old (UE), and freethinking. (2) Korean students scored higher on elaboration and UE, and American students were better at redirection, novelty, and freethinking. (3) Each of the seven interviewees identified five factors of Korean creativity, but the factors varied according to their fields of expertise.