• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

Business environment goes through an unprecedented massive shift that has never happened before. For that reason, business models have to be designed to considering the changed environments. This study develops a business model for independent business to build an ontology system. The system has potentials to improve existing independent business models and to provide more detailed and precise information for users as relevant data accumulates. The ontology system helps independent business meet market demands, generate income for founders, and increase society-wide income levels. The results of the study provides insights to build ontology systems for new starting enterprises running their business.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2019

Purpose - Since the opening of Korea's distribution market, the domestic network marketing market has been continuing to grow. In this context, research on network marketing independent operators, which plays the most important role in the network marketing industry, is insufficient. This study was to identify the effects of Independent Operator's Company Selection Attributions on the Economic and Non-Economic Satisfaction, Trust, and Recommendation. The results will provide strategic direction, theoretical and practical implications for companies and operators in the network marketing industry. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to verify the research hypotheses, the data were collected from Independent Operators of Network marketing industry using questionnaires. The pretest was conducted from January 8 to 19, 2018, and the main survey was conducted from February 1 to 28. A total of 210 questionnaires, of which 193 copies were collected. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0. and AMOS 21.0. Results - The results are as follows; product competitiveness and system competitiveness have significant effects on economic satisfaction and non-economic satisfaction. Economic and non-economic satisfaction have significant effects on business trust. Economic and non-economic satisfaction did not influence recommendation intention directly, but influence it indirectly. Business trust has a significant effect on business recommendation intention. Conclusions - After starting network marketing business as an independent operator, the competitiveness of the company is meaningless, and product competitiveness and system competitiveness are important factors for economic and non-economic satisfaction. Therefore, network marketing companies and independent operators should prioritize product competitiveness and system competitiveness between business development. The findings show that trust in the business is very important for active business Recommendation to others. Therefore, network marketing firms and independent operators need to make efforts to meet economic and non-economic satisfaction, which have a significant impact on business trust.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2021

This study investigates the effect of chief executive officers (CEO) demographic characteristics such as age, functional experience, education, and gender, on corporate leverage decisions. This study investigates the independent commissioner's role in moderating the relationship between CEO demographic characteristics and leverage decisions. The data used is panel data with a sample of 283 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2010-2017. Moderated regression analysis is used as an analytical technique, with the selected model fixed effects model. The results showed that male and young CEOs were more risk-averse, so they tended to use debt more. However, this study found no evidence of the effect of CEO experience and education on leverage. This study finds evidence that independent commissioners reduce the influence of CEO age and gender on leverage decisions. It shows the role of independent commissioners in controlling risk-taking from male and young CEOs related to leverage decisions. These results become input for companies to consider demographic characteristics in choosing a CEO. Also, companies need a board (in this study seen from independent commissioners) that is strong enough to control the CEO regarding risky decision making, such as leverage decisions.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 네트워크 마케팅에 대한 부정적인 시각이 강한 한국의 네트워크 마케팅 비즈니스의 인식 개선과 독립사업자로서의 '창업'에 대한 인식 강화 및 네트워크 비즈니스에 대한 자신의 주체성 및 사업자적 정체성을 확립함으로써 더욱 주도적인 사업자적 역량과 사업관리의 질적인 향상에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 함에 있다. 한국 토종 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자 121명을 대상으로 한 실증분석을 위하여 독립변인으로 창업자 개인, 배경 특성, 매개변인으로 기업가정신, 종속변인으로 재무적, 비재무적 경영성과를 투입하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자들의 기업가정신 중 혁신성이 높을수록 재무적인 성과가 증가하는 효과를 나타내며, 이러한 혁신성은 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자의 창업효능감과 통제위치의 향상이 있어야만 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 비재무적인 경영성과는 기업가정신 중에서는 진정성만이 향상효과를 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 진정성은 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자의 개인적 특성 중 성취욕구와 통제위치에 대한 인식의 강화가 필요하며, 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업의 배경적 특성 중 개인네트워크 수준이 폭 넓을수록 기업가정신 중 진정성이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 개인특성 중 자기효능감은 직접적으로 비재무적 성과 향상에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로, 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자들에게는 자신의 사업에 대한 강한 자기신념과 사업활동을 하는 데 능동적이고, 자발적인 주체로서의 높은 효능감이 요구되며, 사업의 목표를 성취하고 현재상태보다 발전된 상태로 나아가려는 모험적, 계획적, 적극적, 추진력이 강화된 높은 성취욕구가 요구된다. 또한 사업에서 발생하는 다양한 현상이나 직면하는 사건들을 스스로 통제하고 감수하며 스스로 책임감을 가질 수 있는 통제위치적 능력이 배양되어야 하며, 자신에 대한 신념과 자신감이 발현되고 자기믿음과 확신이 고취되어야만 재무적 성과나 비재무적인 성과를 높일 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 네트워크 마케팅 독립사업자는 판매자의 자기중심적 사고보다 진정성을 기본이 되는 감동과 신뢰를 기반으로 하는 소비자중심의 사고로 고객을 접근하였을 때 보다 효과적인 마케팅 전략으로 작용되며, 사업에 대한 애착이나 열정을 통해 그 자신의 효능감과 사업자적 정체성을 일치 또는 잘 조화시킬 수 있는 사람일수록, 사업관리의 질적인 영역에 긍정적인 발전을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2015

Extensions of the Kolmogorov convergence criterion and the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequalities from independent random variables to conditional independent ones are derived. As their applications, a conditional version of the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund strong law of large numbers and a result on convergence in $L^p$ for conditionally independent and conditionally identically distributed random variables are established, respectively.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2022

본 논문은 국내에서 아직 활성화가 되지 않고 있는 IFA 제도에 대한 분석과 핀테크 기술을 활용한 독립투자자문업 활성화 방안을 제안한다. 국내 IFA 제도는 2017년 법안이 마련되었지만 다양한 이유로 인해 현재까지도 크게 활성화가 되지 못하고 있다. 기존 연구에서 다양한 방식으로 해결 방안을 제안하고 있음에도 아직 뚜렷한 방안이 없는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 최근 주목받고 있는 신탁 제도를 활용한 핀테크 기술을 통해 새로운 방식의 IFA 활성화 방안을 제안한다. 블록체인 분산원장 기술을 활용한 디지털 수익증권 핀테크 기술은 부동산과 음악 저작권 시장의 새로운 가능성을 제시하고 있으며 국내에 관련 핀테크 벤처 기업들이 계속 나타나고 있다. 이러한 디지털 수익증권 핀테크 기술과 상장지수펀드의 업무 프로세스를 결합하여 IFA가 자신만의 금융상품을 가질 수 있도록 하는 방법을 도출하였다. 제안 모델은 기존 금융상품 유통구조보다 탈중앙적 성격이 강하며 기존 금융 질서를 준수하면서도 프라이빗 블록체인에 가까운 구조를 통해 프로토콜 경제의 가능성을 제시한다. 본 논문은 서로 다른 두 개의 시장에 대한 정보 융합적 관점으로 독립투자자문업의 새로운 해결 방안을 제시한 부분에 의의가 있으며, 앞으로도 다양한 관점을 융합하는 지식경영 활동을 통해 더 많은 비즈니스 솔루션이 나오기를 기대한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2021

An economic system is a means by which societies or governments organize and distribute available resources, services, and goods across a geographic region or country. The Islamic financial system faces a number of challenges as part of its role as a tool for developing economic activities. This study intends to advance research by Lassoued (2018) by expanding the research population to include Islamic banks in Asia and adding new dimensions - the size of the independent commissioner and corporate governance. The population of this study is the 100 largest Islamic banks in Asia. Statistical calculations with the STATA application is used for data analysis. Based on the test results, it was found that the size of the sharia board and the independent board of directors did not affect the financial stability of Islamic banking companies. Another finding is that the size of the independent commissioner affects financial stability. This finding shows that commissioners have played an active role in the company, indicating that if the sharia banking company has an ideal number of independent commissioners, it will be advantageous to the company's stability and business sustainability.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2022

The emergence of independent cinema in the United States in the 1960s was the earliest sign of postmodernism in the country, which was often referred to as "underground cinema". The works, in a counter-cultural stance, overturned the thought of depth of traditional art cinema, not exploring the meaningful relationship between form and content in terms of artistic technique, but creating an aesthetic that echoed the "Pop Art" of the time by collaging established means of expression with traditional and fashionable ones in a consumerist manner. In this paper, American independent cinema was examined, firstly by analyzing the local and external factors that contributed to its rise. Secondly, two genres of independent cinema core paradigm, "underground cinema" and "pop cinema" were focused on, as a way of demonstrating the attention and influence that independent cinema has gained. Finally, we found that independent cinemas are also seeking for alternative exploration and diverse expressions in the context of the times.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.171-191
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• 2015

This paper investigates how internal knowledge dependency and its interaction with external knowledge adoption affect innovation performance in Korean companies. We categorize innovation performance into exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. Especially, we examine business group effects as group headquarters and sister subsidiaries holistically form the boundary of the firm. Our empirical results first suggest that the degree of internal knowledge dependency is positively associated with exploitative innovation, but negatively with exploratory innovation. Second, internal knowledge dependency is more negatively related to exploratory innovation in independent firms than in business group affiliates. Third, independent firms' adoption of external knowledge tends to strengthen the positive relationship between internal knowledge dependency and exploitative innovation. Finally, exploitative external knowledge search appears to strengthen the negative relationship between internal knowledge dependency and exploratory innovation in both types of firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and profitability (RNOA) on tax avoidance in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2014-2018 period. The sampling method employed in this study was the cluster sampling method. The population was all banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The sample selection results using the purposive sampling method during the observation includes 209 companies that published complete annual reports and their financial report notes as of December 31, 2018. The results revealed that institutional ownership and independent board of commissioners did not affect profitability. Profitability also did not affect tax avoidance. Further findings showed that institutional ownership and audit committee positively affect tax avoidance. From the result of Sobel test, this study indicated that profitability cannot mediate the effect of institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, and audit committee on tax avoidance. This study has succeeded in proving empirically that there was a significant effect of the audit committee on profitability, institutional ownership on tax avoidance, and the audit committee on tax avoidance. Therefore, this study supports the agency theory and the research model from previous studies.